HEDGES v. OBAMA

Docket Nos. 12-3176 (Lead), 12-3644(Con).

724 F.3d 170 (2013)

Christopher HEDGES, Daniel Ellsberg, Jennifer Bolen, Noam Chomsky, Alexa O'Brien, U.S. Day of Rage, Kai Wargalla, Hon. Birgitta Jonsdottir M.P., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Barack OBAMA, individually and as a representative of the United States of America, Leon Panetta, individually and as a representative of the Department of Defense, Defendants-Appellants, John McCain, John Boehner, Harry Reid, Nancy Pelosi, Mitch McConnell, Eric Cantor, as representatives of the United States of America, Defendants.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Decided: July 17, 2013.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Robert M. Loeb , Appellate Staff Civil Division, Department of Justice, Washington, DC ( Stuart F. Delery , Acting Assistant Attorney General, Beth S. Brinkmann , Deputy Assistant Attorney General, August E. Flentje , Civil Division, Department of Justice, Jeh Charles Johnson , General Counsel, Department of Defense, Washington, DC; Preet Bharara , United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, Benjamin H. Torrance , Christopher B. Harwood , Assistant United States Attorneys, New York, NY, on the brief) Attorneys for Defendants-Appellants.

Carl J. Mayer , Mayer Law Group LLC, New York, NY; Bruce I. Afran, ESQ. , Princeton, NJ, Attorneys for Plaintiffs-Appellees.

David B. Rivkin, Jr. ( Lee A. Casey , Andrew M. Grossman , on the brief), Baker-Hostetler LLP, Washington, DC. Attorneys for Amici Curiae Senators John McCain, Lindsey Graham, and Kelly Ayotte.

Kent A. Yalowitz , Arnold & Porter LLP, New York, NY; L. Charles Landgraf , Arpan A. Sura , Arnold & Porter LLP, Washington, DC, Attorneys for Amicus Curiae Bill of Rights Defense Committee.

Matthew J. MacLean , Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, Washington, DC, Attorney for Amici Curiae Center for National Security Studies and The Constitution Project.

Reem Salahi , Hadsell Stormer Richardson & Renick, LLP, Pasadena, CA, Attorney for Amicus Curiae Government Accountability Project.

Eric K. Yamamoto , University of Hawaii School of Law, Honolulu, HI; Lorraine K. Bannai , Anjana Malhotra , Seattle University School of Law, Seattle, WA, Attorneys for Amici Curiae Karen and Ken Korematsu, et al.

John W. Whitehead , Douglas R. McKusick , Lina M. Ragep , The Rutherford Institute, Charlottesville, VA; Anand Agneshwar , Arnold & Porter LLP, New York, NY, Attorneys for Amicus Curiae The Rutherford Institute.

William J. Olson , Herbert W. Titus , John S. Miles , Jeremiah L. Morgan , Robert J. Olson, William J. Olson, P.C., Vienna, VA; Steven J. Harfenist , Friedman Harfenist Kraut & Perlstein LLP, Lake Success, NY; Gary G. Kreep , U.S. Justice Foundation, Ramona, CA, Attorneys for Amici Curiae U.S. Congressman Steve Stockman, et al.

Before: KEARSE and LOHIER, Circuit Judges, and KAPLAN, District Judge.


LEWIS A. KAPLAN, District Judge.

On September 11, 2001, the al-Qaeda terrorist network attacked multiple targets in the United States with hijacked commercial airliners, killing approximately 3,000 people. A week later, Congress enacted the Authorization for Use of Military Force (the "AUMF"),1 which empowered President Bush to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, and persons responsible for the...

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