OPINION OF THE COURT
HARDIMAN, Circuit Judge.
In this appeal we consider whether a private right of action against state actors can be implied under 42 U.S.C. § 1981. We join five of our sister circuits in holding that it cannot.
I.
Paul McGovern, a Caucasian male, was hired by the City of Philadelphia (City) as an Administrative Support Specialist in 1994 and was promoted to Network Administrator in 2001. On September 25, 2003, McGovern...
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