KERR v. HICKENLOOPER

No. 12-1445.

824 F.3d 1207 (2016)

Andy KERR, Colorado State Representative; Norma V. Anderson; Jane M. Barnes, Member Jefferson County Board of Education; Elaine Gantz Berman, Member State Board of Education; Alexander E. Bracken; William K. Bregar, Member Pueblo District 70 Board of Education; Bob Briggs, Westminster City Councilman; Bruce W. Broderius, Member Weld County District 6 Board of Education; Trudy B. Brown; John C. Buechner, Ph.D., Lafayette City Councilman; Stephen A. Burkholder; Richard L. Byyny, M.D.; Lois Court, Colorado State Representative; Theresa L. Crater; Robin Crossan, Member Steamboat Springs RE-2 Board of Education; Richard E. Ferdinandsen; Stephanie Garcia, Member Pueblo City Board of Education; Kristi Hargrove; Dickey Lee Hullinghorst, Colorado State Representative; Nancy Jackson, Arapahoe County Commissioner; William G. Kaufman; Claire Levy, Colorado State Representative; Margaret (Molly) Markert, Aurora City Councilwoman; Megan J. Masten; Michael Merrifield; Marcella (Marcie) L. Morrison; John P. Morse, Colorado State Senator; Pat Noonan; Ben Pearlman, Boulder County Commissioner; Wallace Pulliam; Paul Weissmann; Joseph W. White, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. John HICKENLOOPER, Governor of Colorado, in his official capacity, Defendant-Appellant. D'Arcy W. Straub; Independence Institute; Cato Institute; Sen. Kevin Lundberg; Rep. Jerry Sonnenberg; Rep. Justin Everett; Rep. Spencer Swalm; Rep. Janak Joshi; Rep. Perry Buck; Sen. Ted Harvey; Sen. Kent Lambert; Sen. Mark Scheffel; Sen. Kevin Grantham; Sen Vicki Marble; Sen. Randy Baumgardner; Rep. Dan Nordberg; Rep. Frank Mcnulty; Rep. Jared Wright; Rep. Chris Holbert; Rep. Kevin Priola; Sen. Scott Renfroe; Sen. Bill Cadman; Colorado Union of Taxpayers Foundation; National Federation of Independent Business; Tabor Foundation; American Legislative Exchange Council; National Taxpayers Union; Americans for Tax Reform; Citizens in Charge; Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association; Citizens for Limited Taxation; Goldwater Institute; Freedom Center of Missouri; Cascade Policy Institute; Pelican Institute for Public Policy; Tax Foundation of Hawaii; Wisconsin Institute for Law & Liberty; Washington Policy Center; Oklahoma Council for Public Affairs; Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Foundation; Freedom Center of Missouri; Freedom Foundation; Goldwater Institute; 1851 Center for Constitutional Law; Colorado Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics; Colorado Nonprofit Association; Colorado General Assembly; Bell Policy Center; Colorado Fiscal Institute; the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; Colorado Parent Teacher Association; Erwin Chemerinsky; Hans Linde; William Marshall; Gene Nichol; William Wiecek; Colorado Association of School Boards; Colorado Association of School Executives; Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; David Balmer; John Cooke; Larry Crowder; Owen Hill; Beth Martinez Humenik; Tim Neville; Ellen Roberts; Ray Scott; Laura Woods; Jon Becker; J. Paul Brown; Kathleen Conti; Don Coram; Brian Delgrosso; Tim Dore; Stephen Humphrey; Gordon Klingenschmitt; Lois Landfraf; Polly Lawrence; Paul Lundeen; Patrick Neville; Bob Rankin; Kim Ransom; Catherine Roupe; Lori Saine; Lang Sias; Dan Thurlow; Yeulin V. Willett; James Wilson; Joann Windholz; Bob Gardner; Mike Kopp; Andy Mcelhany; State of Texas; State of Idaho; State of Indiana; State of Michigan; Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence, Amici Curiae.

United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

Filed June 3, 2016.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Frederick R. Yarger ( William Allen , Kathleen Spalding , Stephanie Lindquist Scoville , Matthew D. Grove , Megan Paris Rundlet , and Jonathan P. Fero , Office of the Attorney General for the State of Colorado, and Daniel D. Domenico , Kittredge LLC, with him on the briefs), Office of the Attorney General for the State of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant.

David E. Skaggs ( Lino S. Lipinsky de Orlov , Dentons US LLP, Denver, Colorado, John A. Herrick , Geoffrey Williamson , Carrie E. Johnson , Sarah M. Clark , Michael F. Feeley , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP, Denver, Colorado, Michael L. Bender , Perkins Coie, LLP, Denver, Colorado; Herbert Lawrence Fenster , Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, D.C., with him on the briefs), for the Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Richard A. Westfall , Hale Westfall, LLP, Denver, Colorado, and Karen R. Harned and Luke A. Wake , NFIB Small Business Legal Center, Washington, D.C., filed an amicus curiae brief for National Federation of Independent Business; Tabor Foundation; American Legislative Exchange Council; National Taxpayers Union; Americans for Tax Reform; Citizens in Charge; Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association; Citizens for Limited Taxation; Goldwater Institute; Freedom Center of Missouri; Cascade Policy Institute; Pelican Institute; Institute for Public Policy; Tax Foundation of Hawaii; Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty; Washington Policy Center on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.

Matthew J. Douglas , Holly E. Sterrett , Paul W. Rodney , and Nathaniel J. Hake , Arnold & Porter, LLP, Denver, Colorado, filed an amicus curiae brief for the Bell Policy Center and the Colorado Fiscal Institute on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Ilya Shapiro , Cato Institute, Washington, D.C., filed an amicus curiae brief for Cato Institute on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.

Anthony J. Bruno , Milton A. Miller , and Jacquelynn K.M. Levien , Latham & Watkins, LLP, Los Angeles, California, and John C. Eastman , Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence, Orange, California, filed an amicus curiae brief for the Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.

Andrew M. Low , Emily L. Droll , and John M. Bowlin , Davis Graham & Stubbs, LLP, Denver, Colorado, filed an amicus curiae brief for Colorado Association of School Executives and Colorado Association of School Boards on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Harold A. Haddon and Laura G. Kastetter , Haddon Morgan and Foreman, P.C., Denver, Colorado, filed an amicus curiae brief for Colorado Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Colorado Nonprofit Association on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Stephen G. Masciocchi and Maureen Reidy Witt , Holland & Hart, LLP, Denver, Colorado, and Greenwood Village, Colorado, filed an amicus curiae brief for the Colorado General Assembly on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Catherine C. Engberg , Shute Mihaly & Weinberger, LLP, San Francisco, California, filed an amicus curiae brief for the Colorado Parent Teacher Association on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Jeffrey W. McCoy and Steven J. Lechner , Mountain States Legal Foundation, Lakewood, Colorado, filed an amicus curiae brief for Colorado Union of Taxpayers Foundation, Andy McElhany , Bill Cadman , Bob Gardner , Bob Rankin , Brian DelGrosso , Catherine Roupe , Chris Holbert , Dan Nordberg , Dan Thurlow , David Balmer , Don Coram , Ellen Roberts , Frank McNulty , Gordon Klingenschmitt , J. Paul Brown , James Wilson , Janak Joshi , Jerry Sonnenberg , John Cooke , Jon Becker , Justin Everett , Kathleen Conti , Kent Lambert , Kevin Grantham , Kevin Lundberg , Kevin Priola , Kim Ransom , Laura Woods , Lang Sias , Larry Crowder , Lois Landfraf , Lori Saine , Mark Scheffel , Mike Kopp , Owen Hill , Patrick Neville , Paul Lundeen , Perry Buck , Polly Lawrence , Randy Baumgardner , Ray Scott , Scott Renfroe , Spencer Swalm , Stephen Humphrey , Ted Harvey Tim Dore , Tim Neville , Vicki Marble , Yeulin V. Willett , Beth Martinez Humenik , and JoAnn Windholz , on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.

David Kopel , Independence Institute, Denver, Colorado, filed an amicus curiae brief for Independence Institute on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.

Ken Paxton , Attorney General of Texas, Charles E. Roy , First Assistant Attorney General, Scott A. Keller , Solicitor General, J. Campbell Barker , Deputy Solicitor General, Autumn Hamit Patterson , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Texas, Austin, Texas, and Lawrence G. Wasden , Attorney General of Idaho, Boise, Idaho, Gregory F. Zoeller , Attorney General of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, and Bill Schuette , Attorney General of Michigan, Lansing, Michigan, filed an amicus curiae brief for the State of Idaho, State of Indiana, State of Michigan, and State of Texas on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.

Joseph R. Guerra and Kathleen Mueller , Sidley Austin, LLP, Washington, D.C., filed an amicus curiae brief for The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

D'Arcy W. Straub, Littleton, Colorado, filed an amicus curiae brief for D'Arcy W. Straub on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.

Melissa Hart , University of Colorado School of Law, Boulder, Colorado, filed an amicus curiae brief for Erwin Chemerinsky, Gene Nichol, Hans Linde, William Marshall, and William Wiecek on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Before BRISCOE, SEYMOUR, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.


We are asked to take a second look at this case to consider the effect of the Supreme Court's intervening opinion in Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, ___ U.S. ___, 135 S.Ct. 2652, 192 L.Ed.2d 704 (2015) (hereinafter "

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