STATE v. U.S.

No. 15-40238.

787 F.3d 733 (2015)

State of TEXAS; State of Alabama; State of Georgia; State of Idaho; State of Indiana; State of Kansas; State of Louisiana; State of Montana; State of Nebraska; State of South Carolina; State of South Dakota; State of Utah; State of West Virginia; State of Wisconsin; Paul R. Lepage, Governor, State of Maine; Patrick L. McCrory, Governor, State of North Carolina; C.L. "Butch" Otter, Governor, State of Idaho; Phil Bryant, Governor, State of Mississippi; State of North Dakota; State of Ohio; State of Oklahoma; State of Florida; State of Arizona; State of Arkansas; Attorney General Bill Schuette; State of Nevada; State of Tennessee, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. UNITED STATES of America; Jeh Charles Johnson, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security; R. Gil Kerlikowske, Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Ronald D. Vitiello, Deputy Chief of U.S. Border Patrol, U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Sarah R. Saldana, Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; Leon Rodriguez, Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

May 26, 2015.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Scott A. Keller , Solicitor (argued), J. Campbell Barker , Deputy Solicitor General, April L. Farris , Matthew Hamilton Frederick , Deputy Solicitor General, Andrew S. Oldham , Deputy General Counsel, Alex Potapov , Office of the Solicitor General, Angela Veronica Colmenero, Esq. , Assistant Attorney, Charles Eugene Roy , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Austin, TX, for Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Scott R. McIntosh , Beth S. Brinkmann, Esq. , Jeffrey A. Clair, Esq. , Kyle R. Freeny , Kathleen Roberta Hartnett , William Ernest Havemann , Trial Attorney, Benjamin C. Mizer , Solicitor (argued), U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Defendants-Appellants.

Noah Guzzo Purcell , Office of the Solicitor General, Olympia, WA, Amicus Curiae State of Washington, State of California, State of Connecticut, State of Delaware, State of Illinois, State of Iowa, State of Hawaii, State of Maryland, State of Massachusetts, State of New Mexico, State of New York, State of Oregon, State of Rhode Island, State of Vermont, District of Columbia, State of Virginia.

Michael Bekesha , Paul Orfanedes, Esq. , Judicial Watch, Incorporated, Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, Judicial Watch, Incorporated.

Leif A. Olson , Olson Firm, P.L.L.C., Humble, TX, Ilya Shapiro, Esq. , Cato Institute, Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, Cato Institute, Professor Jeremy Rabkin.

Steven James Lechner, Esq. , Mountain States Legal Foundation, Lakewood, CO, Amicus Curiae, Mountain States Legal Foundation.

Jeremy W. Shweder , Law Department, New York, N.Y., Amicus Curiae, Mayor Bill Deblasio, of New York City, Mayor Eric Garcetti, of Los Angeles, Mayor William D. Euille, City of Alexandria, Mayor Ed Pawlowski, of Allentown, Pennsylvania, Mayor Kasim Reed, of Atlanta, Mayor Steve Adler, of Austin, Texas, Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake, City Council of Bal Tim Ore, Maryland, City of Bell, California.

Jay A. Sekulow, Esq. , American Center for Law & Justice, Washington, DC, Certain Members of Congress, American Center for Law and Justice, Committee to Defend the Separation of Powers.

James Davis Blacklock , Senior Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Austin, TX, Amicus Curiae, Governor of Texas, Governor of Louisiana, Governor of New Jersey, Governor of South Dakota.

Seth Paul Waxman , Paul Reinherz Wolfson , Wilmer Hale, Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, Representative Nancy Pelosi, Democratic Leader, Representative Steny Hoyer, Democratic Whip, Representative James E. Clyburn, Assistant Democratic Leader, Representative Xavier Becerra, Democratic Caucus Chair, Representative Joseph Crowley, Democratic Caucus Vice-Chair.

Matthew James Ginsburg , AFL-CIO, Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations.

Elizabeth Bonnie Wydra , Chief Counsel, Constitutional Accountability Center, Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, Michael Barnes, Former Representative of Maryland, Howard Berman, Former Representative of California, Victor H. Fazio, Former Representative of California, Charles Gonzalez, Former Representative of Texas, James A. Leach, Former Representative of Iowa, George Miller, III, Former Representative of California, Silvestre Reyes, Former Representative of Texas, David Skaggs, Former Representative of Colorado, Henry A. Waxman, Former Representative of California, Raymond Lahood.

Clifford M. Sloan , Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, L.L.P., Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, American Apparel, Incorporated, Capital City Fruit, Incorporated, Farmers Investment Company, Latin-American Chamber of Commerce of Utah, Marek Brothers Construction Incorporated, New Solutions Group, L.L.C., Nisei Farmers League.

Benjamin Gross Shatz , Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, L.L.P., Los Angeles, CA, Amicus Curiae, Church World Service, Reverend Gradye Parsons, Stated Clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Leadership Conference of Women Religious, Disciples Home Missions, Sisters of Mercy of The Americas.

Chirag Gopal Badlani , Hughes Socol Piers Resnick & Dym, Ltd., Chicago, IL, Amicus Curiae, Major Cities Chiefs Association, Police Executive Research Forum, Chief Art Acevedo, City of Austin, Texas, Police Department, Chief Charlie Beck, Los Angeles, California, Police Department, Chief David Bejarano, Chula Vista, California, Police Department.

Bradley S. Phillips , Munger, Tolles & Olson, L.L.P., Los Angeles, CA, Amicus Curiae, David Abraham, Professor of Law, University of Miami School of Law, Muneer I. Ahmad, Clinical Professor of Law, Yale Law School, Raquel Aldana, Professor of Law, University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, Farrin R. Anello, Visiting Assistant Clinical Professor, Seton Hall University School of Law, Roxana Bacon, Visiting/Adjunct/Lecturer Professor of Immigration Law, University of Miami, Syracuse University, University of Arizona; Arizona State University.

Nina Perales, Esq. , Mexican-American Legal Defense & Educational Fund, San Antonio, TX, Adam Paul KohSweeney, Esq. , Gabriel Markoff, Esq. , O'Melveny & Myers, L.L.P., San Francisco, CA, Linda J. Smith , DLA Piper LLP (US), Los Angeles, CA, Amicus Curiae, Jane Doe # 1, Jane Doe # 2, Jane Doe # 3.

Stephen Blake Kinnaird , Paul Hastings, L.L.P., Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, Senator Richard Blumenthal, Sena Tor Christopher A. Coons, Mazie K. Hirono, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse.

Alexandre I. Afanassiev, Esq. , Angelique Marie Montano , Quan Law Group, P.L.L.C., Houston, TX, Amicus Curiae, Congressman Al Green.

Matthew E. Price , Jenner & Block, L.L.P., Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, American Federation of Teachers, First Focus, National Education Association, Aspira, Educators for Fair Consideration, Hispanic Association Of Colleges and Universities, Pomona College, Scholarship Foundation of St. Louis.

Jonathan Weissglass , Altshuler Berzon, L.L.P., San Francisco, CA, Karen Cassandra Tumlin , National Immigration Law Center, Los Angeles, CA, Amicus Curiae, ACLU of Nevada, Action North Carolina, Advancement Project, Aim For Equity, Alabama Coalition for Immigrant Justice.

James Peterson , Judicial Watch, Incorporated, Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, State Legislators for Legal Immigration.

Michael Hethmon , General Counsel, Dale Wilcox , Immigration Reform Law Institute, Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, Immigration Reform Law Institute, Federation For American Immigration Reform, Remembrance Project, National Sheriffs' Association.

Lawrence John Joseph , Washington, DC, Amicus Curiae, Eagle Forum Education and Legal Defense Fund, Incorporated.

William Jeffery Olson, Esq. , Vienna, VA, Amicus Curiae, Citizens United, Citizens United Foundation, English First Foundation, English First, Trea Senior Citizens League, United States Justice Foundation, Lincoln Institute For Research and Education, Abraham Lincoln Foundation for Public Policy Research, Incorporated, United States Border Control Foundation, Policy Analysis Center, Conservative Legal Defense and Education Fund, Institute on the Constitution.

Ernest Young, Apex, NC, pro se.

Before SMITH, ELROD, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges.


Twenty-six states (the "states") are challenging the government's1 Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents program ("DAPA") as violative of the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA") and the Take Care Clause of the Constitution. The district court determined...

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