NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY, INC. v. DAVIS

Nos. 01-15159, 01-15216, 01-15321.

307 F.3d 835 (2002)

NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY, INC.; Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc.; Marin Audubon Society, Inc.; Muir Beach Enviro, Inc.; California Waterfowl Association, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellees, and National Trappers Association, Inc.; California Trappers Association, Inc.; Tim Wion; Christopher S. Brennan; Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors, v. Gray DAVIS, Governor of California; Douglas Wheeler, Resources Secretary, State of California; Jacqueline E. Schafer, Director, CDFG; California Department of Fish & Game; California Fish & Game Commission, Defendants, and Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Jamie Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Anne Badgley, Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Appellees, Am Soc Prev Cruelty; Protect Pets and Wildlife/Vote Yes on Proposition 4; Animal Protection Institute; The Ark Trust, Inc.; Doris Day Animal League; The Fund for Animals; The Humane Society of the UNITED STATES; International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellants. National Audubon Society, Inc.; Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc.; Marin Audubon Society, Inc.; Muir Beach Enviro, Inc.; California Waterfowl Association, Inc., Plaintiffs, and National Trappers Association, Inc.; California Trappers Association, Inc.; Tim Wion; Christopher S. Brennan; Loyd E. Horn, Intervenors-Appellants, v. Gray Davis, Governor of California; Douglas Wheeler, Resources Secretary, State of California; Jacqueline E. Schafer, Director, CDFG; California Department of Fish & Game; California Fish & Game Commission, Defendants-Appellees, and Ann M. Veneman, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gale A. Norton, Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior; Jamie Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Anne Badgley, Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Robert Stanton, Director, National Park Service, Appellees, Am Soc Prev Cruelty; Protect Pets and Wildlife/Vote Yes on Proposition 4; Animal Protection Institute; The Ark Trust, Inc.; Doris Day Animal League; The Fund for Animals; The Humane Society of the United States; International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees. National Audubon Society, Inc.; Golden Gate Audubon Society, Inc.; Marin Audubon Society, Inc.; Muir Beach Enviro, Inc.; California Waterfowl Association, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Gray Davis, Governor of California; Mary D. Nichols, Resources Secretary, State of California; Robert C. Hight, Director of the California Department of Fish and Game; California Department of Fish and Game; California Fish & Game Commission, Defendants-Appellants, Ann M. Veneman, Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gary Simmons, California State Director, Wildlife Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gale A. Norton, Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior; Jamie Clark Rappaport, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Robert Stanton, Director, National Park Service, Appellees, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; Animal Protection Institute; The Ark Trust, Inc.; Doris Day Animal League; The Fund for Animals; Humane Society of the United States; Protect Pets and Wildlife/Vote Yes on Proposition 4; The International Fund for Animal Welfare, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed September 24, 2002.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Laurens H. Silver, California Environmental Law Project, Mill Valley, CA; John

McCaull, National Audubon Society, Sacramento, CA, for the plaintiffs-appellees.

National Audubon Society, et al. Katherine Barton, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for appellee United States Department of Agriculture.

Clifford T. Lee, California Attorney General, San Francisco, CA, for defendants-appellees-appellants Gray Davis, et al.

Richard D. Gann & George Hunlock, Marvin Morrow & Hunlock, San Diego, CA; John L. Staley, Poway, CA, for intervenors-appellants National Trappers Association, et al.

Eric R. Glitzenstein & Jonathan R. Lovvorn, Meyer & Glitzenstein, Washington, DC; Francis M. Goldsberry II, Goldsberry, Freeman & Swanson, Sacramento, CA, for defendants-intervenors-appellants-appellees American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, et al.

Before GOODWIN, THOMAS and W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

WILLIAM A. FLETCHER, Circuit Judge.

This case pits bird-lovers, seeking to protect endangered and threatened species, against fox-lovers, seeking to protect predators from inhumane traps. The action is a challenge to Proposition 4, adopted by California voters in November 1998 to protect wildlife and domestic pets by restricting use of certain kinds of traps. Five different groups of parties are involved in this litigation. The National Audubon Society...

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