MADE IN THE USA FOUNDATION v. U.S.

No. 99-13138.

242 F.3d 1300 (2001)

MADE IN THE USA FOUNDATION, United Steel Workers of America, Local 12L United Steel Workers, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

DECIDED February 27, 2001.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Carl B. Frankel, United Steel Workers of America, Pittsburgh, PA, Joel D. Joseph, Cabin John, MD, Jeremiah A. Collins, Bredhoff & Kaiser, Washington, DC, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Douglas Letter, U.S. Dept. of Justice/Civil Division, Alice O'Brien, Bredhoff & Kaiser P.L.L.C., Washington, DC, Shirley I. McCarty, Birmingham, AL, for Defendant-Appellee.

Before TJOFLAT, WILSON and B. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges.


BETTY B. FLETCHER, Circuit Judge:

This case presents complex issues of first impression in this circuit in the realm of constitutional interpretation — namely, whether certain kinds of international commercial agreements are "treaties," as that term is employed in Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution; and if so, whether the Treaty Clause represents the sole means of enacting such agreements into...

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