HINES v. SOUTH CAROLINA DEPT. OF CORRECTIONS

Nos. 96-7318, 96-7402.

148 F.3d 353 (1998)

Clarence HINES; John Cooke Wilson; Orlando Brinson; Khalil Kasson Ali Al-Munin; Coy S. Gunter; Lumumba Mumia Tafari-i a/k/a Lummie Hearns; Malik Baqi; Tahrim Supreme C. Jihad; Kenneth Washington; Salaam A. Hakim a/k/a Michael Bailey; Zakariya Abdul Shahid; Ray Charles Degraffenreid; Maurice Livingston; Demarcus Marshall; Hakim Sabur Muhammad; Ras Kolonji Muata Kafele; Willie James Asbury; Mustafa Abdullah A. Al-Mujahid; John Michael Gladney; Davis Young; Bruce Scott; Chris Lefever; Dashel Strobert; Vincent Kemp; Larry Bobean; Royce Maurice Collins; John Brinson; Gary L. Moore; Jame A. Khaliq; Lester Young; Philip H. Tanner; Michael Landry; Donchell Wade Blatch; William R. Smith; Mark T. Larsen; Kahim Khamil Muhammad; Adrian Hicks; Matin Abdul Ali Muntaqim a/k/a Marshall L. Land; Yusuf Ahmad Abdullah Muhammad; Heyward Harrison, Jr.; Barry Alan Fowler; Raheem Abdullah Al-Raqib; James B. Patterson; Don Eric Robertson; Tyrone Mitchell; Omar Abdel Al Numit a/k/a John James Bell; Cecil Allen Simmons; Joseph T. Jackson; Willie Gary; Kojo Soweto Ameen; Malcom Omawale Abdullah; Gerald Garner; Quash A. Abbass a/k/a Charles James Lee a/k/a Rush Abdul B. Ali Abu Abbass; Gregory L. Fennell; Ras Kolonji Mutata Kafele; Edward Bull; Freddie Green; Utamu Mfume; Curtis A. Nicholas; Jimmy L. Belton; Kevin Smith; Ras Njonjo Afi Khafre; Frank J. Burgess; Eddie L. Hall; Steven Phillips; Theodore Harrison, Jr.; Kevin Smith; Roderick Dennis Folks; Llewellyn Nelson; Lummie Hearins; Shaka Macumba Zulu X a/k/a Michael W. Montgomery; Gregory Campbell; Gregg L. Ray; Rufus Muldrow; Khayri Abdullah Muhammad; Derrell Edwards; Donald Lloyd; Timothy C. Baker; Ahmad M. Mujihadin a/k/a Robert Frost; Tafara Moyenda a/k/a Robert Frost; Jerome Williams; Elvis C. Taylor; Everton Bin Crosby; William J. Copeland; Owen Henderson; Charles Sergio Hagler, Jr.; Colville Brissett; Ahmad Kans Abdul Sattar; Marchs A. Joseph; Mikail Abdullah; Ronnie Brightman; Terry Michael Cassell, Plaintiffs-Appellants, and Tommy E. Blackmon; William Whaley; Reginald R. Ferguson; Michael Campbell; Van Tyler, Jr.; Ismail Abdur Rashid; Mack Allen Davis, Plaintiffs, and United States of America, Intervenor, v. SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS; State of South Carolina; David Beasley, Governor; Michael Moore, Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections; Omar Shaheed; Terry Brooks; Ralph Medlock; Edsel T. Taylor, Warden; Robert Ward, Warden; Susan Hilton; John W. Porter; Ray Reese; Yohance Moyenda; Lt. Fnu; Sgt. Fitts; Deputy Warden McCants; Warden Montgomery; Bernard Walker, Deputy Warden; Marvin T. Jarrett; Riley James; Ricardo Grant; Yasin Abdul-Hakim; Abreham Peoples; James D. Robinson, ASU Supervisor; Geraldine Miro, Warden; Laurie Bessinger, Warden; Chaplain Scotland; J.P. Hall; Glynn Sherman, Chaplain; Jim Beam, Warden; Oscar Faulkenberry; C.J. Cepak, Warden; Vaughn Jackson; William Weldon, Warden; William Davis, Warden; George Martin, III, Warden; Tony Strawhorn; Sam D. O'Kelley; Milan O'Bradovich; Elaine Robinson, Deputy Warden; Joseph Black, Deputy Warden; Philip McLeod; Larry Batson; Clarence Benjamin; R. Woodberry; Fred Thompson; Officer Martin; N. McLendon; Irc Brown; R. Adams; Morris Elmore; John Pate; Paul Butler; John Maxey; J.D. Wessinger; Frank Maddox; Sergeant Casey; T. White; Correctional Officer Manigo; W. Richardson; E. Spigner; R. Rice; P. Little; Correctional Officer Lee; S. Chisholm; N. McFadden; S. Muhammad; Gary Butts; Six Unknown Correctional Officers, in "Riot" Unit; Bobby Rutherford; James Savage; Richard Bundrick; Natalie Williams; William Martin; Terrel Cannon, Sr.; W. Richardson; Reggie Rouse; Dr. Boolware, Defendants-Appellees. Clarence HINES; John Cooke Wilson; Orlando Brinson; Khalil Kasson Ali Al-Munin; Coy S. Gunter; Lumumba Mumia Tafari-I a/k/a Lummie Hearns; Malik Baqi; Tahrim Supreme C. Jihad; Kenneth Washington; Salaam A. Hakim a/k/a Michael Bailey; Zakariya Abdul Shahid; Ray Charles Degraffenreid; Maurice Livingston; Demarcus Marshall; Hakim Sabur Muhammad; Ras Kolonji Muata Kafele; Willie James Asbury; Mustafa Abdullah A. Al-Mujahid; John Michael Gladney; Davis Young; Bruce Scott; Chris Lefever; Dashel Strobert; Vincent Kemp; Larry Bobean; Royce Maurice Collins; John Brinson; Gary L. Moore; Jame A. Khaliq; Lester Young; Philip H. Tanner; Michael Landry; Donchell Wade Blatch; William R. Smith; Mark T. Larsen; Kahim Khamil Muhammad; Adrian Hicks; Matin Abdul Ali Muntaqim a/k/a Marshall L. Land; Yusuf Ahmad Abdullah Muhammad; Heyward Harrison, Jr.; Barry Alan Fowler; Raheem Abdullah Al-Raqib; James B. Patterson; Don Eric Robertson; Tyrone Mitchell; Omar Abdel Al Numit a/k/a John James Bell; Cecil Allen Simmons; Joseph T. Jackson; Willie Gary; Kojo Soweto Ameen; Malcom Omawale Abdullah; Gerald Garner; Quash A. Abbass a/k/a Charles James Lee a/k/a Rush Abdul B. Ali Abu Abbass; Gregory L. Fennell; Ras Kolonji Mutata Kafele; Edward Bull; Freddie Green; Utamu Mfume; Curtis A. Nicholas; Jimmy L. Belton; Kevin Smith; Ras Njonjo Afi Khafre; Frank J. Burgess; Eddie L. Hall; Steven Phillips; Theodore Harrison, Jr.; Kevin Smith; Roderick Dennis Folks; Llewellyn Nelson; Lummie Hearins; Shaka Macumba Zulu X a/k/a Michael W. Montgomery; Gregory Campbell; Gregg L. Ray; Rufus Muldrow; Khayri Abdullah Muhammad; Derrell Edwards; Donald Lloyd; Timothy C. Baker; Ahmad M. Mujihadin a/k/a Robert Frost; Tafara Moyenda a/k/a Robert Frost; Jerome Williams; Elvis C. Taylor; Everton Bin Crosby; William J. Copeland; Owen Henderson; Charles Sergio Hagler, Jr.; Colville Brissett; Ahmad Kans Abdul Sattar; Marchs A. Joseph; Mikail Abdullah; Ronnie Brightman; Terry Michael Cassell, Plaintiffs-Appellees, and Tommy E. Blackmon; William Whaley; Reginald R. Ferguson; Michael Campbell; Van Tyler, Jr.; Ismail Abdur Rashid; Mack Allen Davis, Plaintiffs, and United States of America, Intervenor-Appellee, v. Edsel T. TAYLOR, Warden; Robert Ward, Warden; James Robinson, ASU Supervisor; Geraldine Miro, Warden; Laurie Bessinger, Warden; Chaplain Scotland; J.P. Hall; Glynn Sherman, Chaplain; Jim Beam, Warden; Oscar Faulkenberry; C.J. Cepak, Warden; Vaughn Jackson; William Weldon, Warden; William Davis, Warden; George Martin, III; Tony Strawhorn; Sam D. O'kelley; Milan O'bradovich; Elaine Robinson, Deputy Warden; Joseph Black, Deputy Warden; Philip Mcleod; Larry Batson; Clarence Benjamin; R. Woodberry; Fred Thompson; Officer Martin; N. Mclendon; Irc Brown; R. Adams; Morris Elmore; John Pate; Paul Butler; John Maxey; J.D. Wessinger; Frank Maddox; Sergeant Casey; T. White; Correctional Officer Manigo; W. Richardson; E. Spigner; R. Rice; P. Little; Correctional Officer Lee; S. Chisholm; N. Mcfadden; S. Muhammad; Gary Butts; Six Unknown Correctional Officers In "Riot" Unit; Bobby Rutherford; James Savage; Richard Bundrick; Natalie Williams; William Martin; Terrel Cannon, Sr.; W. Richardson; Reggie Rouse; Dr. Boolware; Susan Hilton; John W. Porter; Ray Reese; Yohance Moyenda; Lt. Fnu; Sgt. Fitts; Deputy Warden Mccants; Warden Montgomery; Bernard Walker, Deputy Warden; Marvin T. Jarrett; Riley James; Ricardo Grant; Yasin Abdul-hakim; Abreham Peoples, Defendants-Appellants, and South Carolina Department of Corrections; State Of South Carolina; David Beasley, Governor; Michael Moore, Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections; Omar Shaheed; Terry Brooks; Ralph Medlock, Defendants.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided June 23, 1998.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Patrick James Flynn, University of South Carolina School of Law, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellants. David Clifford Eckstrom, Nexsen, Pruet, Jacobs & Pollard, L.L.P., Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Thomas C.R. Legare, Jr., Nexsen, Pruet, Jacobs & Pollard, L.L.P., Columbia, South Carolina; Andrew F. Lindemann, Ellis, Lawhorne, Davidson & Sims, P.A., Columbia, South Carolina; James M. Brailsford, III, Robinson, Mcfadden & Moore, P.A., Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellees.

Before ERVIN and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges, and OSTEEN, United States District Judge for the Middle District of North Carolina, sitting by designation.


Affirmed by published opinion. Judge HAMILTON wrote the opinion, in which Judge ERVIN and Judge OSTEEN joined.

OPINION

HAMILTON, Circuit Judge:

This case arises from complaints filed by approximately 100 inmates confined by the State of South Carolina (the Inmates) against the South Carolina Department of Corrections (the Department) and various state officers and prison officials (collectively, the Defendants). The Inmates are Muslims, Rastafarians...

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