IN RE STATE POLICE LITIGATION

No. 886, Docket 95-7614.

88 F.3d 111 (1996)

In re STATE POLICE LITIGATION. CONNECTICUT CRIMINAL DEFENSE LAWYERS ASSOCIATION, Joseph Keefe, Individually and as President of Connecticut Criminal Defense Lawyers Association, John R. Gulash, William J. Sweeney, Denise Derby, Donald Couture, Timothy B. Young, Roderick Young, Barbara Schuyler, Conrad Seifert, Attorney, William Gerace, Attorney, Martin Minella, Attorney, William Dow, Jay Martin Sulzach, Attorney, Robert A. Skovgaard, Charles E. Skovgaard, James M. Higgins, Attorney, Kevin O'Brien, Attorney, Timothy Moynihan, Attorney, Mark Shapera, Joseph J. Masler, Paul Arvai, Eva Belline, Joseph Belline, Lisa M. Belline, Ismael Santiago, James C. Carbone, Frank Gonzalez, Jr., Jeffrey Irwin, David Garfield, John McBride, William Bruce, Theodore L. Callands, John David Panula, III, Carolyn M. Capozziello, Thomas W. Capozziello, A. Capozziello, Myron J. Stephenson, George Whitehead, Joseph A. Rich, Sr., Robert A. Rosa, Sonja Van Valkenburgh, Michael J. Mezzatesta, Susan Pregler, Richard Reardon, Manuel E. Ferriera, Gregory Hudson, Mathew A. Capozziello, Tom Ciarolo, David White, Rafael A. Cabrera, Michael West, Richard G. Paradis, Jeffrey Membrino, Daniel Membrino, Lorenzo Santropietro, Gene Mancino, Harold D. Nichols, Mark Nichols, Lisa Anderson, Raymond Mikolinski, Lorraine Mikolinski, William C. Rado, Charles W. Kasmer, James Reardon, Daniel Ferriera, Joseph A. Rich, Jr., Barbara Rich, John M. Lebel, Tonya Miller, Bryan S. Golemowski, David R. Capasso, Raymond Povinelli, Luke Warner, Charles F. Kimms, James E. Jones, Paul A. Larosa, James Masler, Adelgard L. Masler, Michael P. Pane, Carmelina L. Pane, Keith W. Rado, Ralph Shores, Joseph W. Miron, Adam J. Soares, Steve Hanford, Wayne M. Christinat, Kent Kelsey, Daniel Elsbree, William Parker, Deborah Arvai, Domenic Santilli, Brian Panetta, Stephanie Weinburg, David Weinberg, Allen D'Antinio, Thomas Gahan, Steven W. Krauss, Betty Little, David Little, Robert Little, James P. Janulet, Jeffrey Fluery, Glenn E. Coe, Anthony Galazan, Lawrence R. Smith, Juan Crespo, Thomas Gugliotti, William Lewis, James M. Cavanaugh, Henry L. Deschamps, Lee M. Elliott, Santo Franzo, Robert J. Geoghan, James Johnston, Donald W. Kulisch, Peter G. Lawson, William M. Lucas, Jr., Francis W. Martin, Bruce B. McIntyre, Ronald Nanfito, David R. Rannikko, Julian Rogowski, Daniel St. John, Norman A. Soucie, Charles L. Wargat, James P. Whelan, Richard Kehoe, Brian Panetta and Alphonso Green, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Connecticut State Police Union, David Phipps, Robert Kowalcyzk, Martin White, Ana Ferreira, Samuel Mazzatesta, James O. Gaston, Scott B. Chamberlain, Michael Fitzpatrick, Michael Georgetti, Charles E. Skovgaard, Carmine Guiliano, Robert McCoy, Philip McKnight, Richard Stewart, David A. Moraghan, Denise Derby, Albert McGrail, Anthony C. Polvino, John A. Curtas, Alan Coppotelli, Charles Arcangelo, Claude J. Kramer, Charles Christiano, Jr., Carl H. Slusarczyk, Jr., Carl H. Slusarczyk, Sr., Irene Slusarczyk, Steve Battalino, Todd A. Bennet, Robert Gallo, Patricia Gallo, Fred Douglas, Lucy B. Douglas, Robin M. Cornut, Theodore, R. Callands, Thomas L. Birch, Elaine C.S. Bell, James C. Lamond, Shawn Henning, William H. Scruggs, George F. Sahadi, Michael Callands, John Ruggiero, Eric Hudson, Arlene Hudson, Michael Beckford, Robert Canning, Shawn Carier, William Cuddy, Jackie Durfee, Philip Fioretti, Edna George, Philip George, Gerald Golarz, Thaddeus Grebla, David Guillelmette, David Haines, Karen Hill, James Holcomb, Philip Janik, Yolanda Janik, Allen Januszewski, Frank Kennedy, George Kuda, Jonathan Lamson, Sami Lapides, Albert Losacano, James Brad McDonald, David McKenna, Tina Menegus, William Parker, Raymond Povinelli, David Ross, Bruce Shapiro, Peter Stanchak, Daniel Zsebik, David R. Lord, John J. Dunham, Ronald W. Gray, John Meneguzzo, Lisa J. Meneguzzo, Vince Lee, Cynthia Dubey, Anthony Consolini, Vivian Sambuco, Scott Buley, Beverly Polvino, Carl Fitzgibbons, Dale Tatem, Gaetano Marino, Terry L. Groeper, Joseph Albuquerque, Julie S. Albuquerque, Joseph Longo, Robert Quick, John Cleary, James Bradley, Terry L. Groeper, Joe E. Gorman, Paul Torbicki, Patricia J. Hundt, William Gildersleeve, Jane E. Walton, Don Dybvick, Peter M. O'Brien, Howard J. Osterhout, David Coleman, Kyle A. Taber, Raymond E. King, Rodney Clement, Michael L. Bochicchio, David Carey, Gerard Chartier, Theodore Derouin, William Dwyer, Harry Mottram, Richard D. Nicholson, Ormonde Osborne, Robert L. Ousterhoudt, John Ragazzi, Orlando Ramirez, Patrick T. Graham, Joe Laput, Thomas Shia, Kenneth Startz, Robert Anger, Thomas Nicoletti, R.W. Krysiak, David O'Keefe, Charles Revoir, Serge Samal, Robert Ross, Thomas Pietrini, Michael Cope, Richard D. Nicholson, Larry Ahearn, David Barger, Michael Bolton, David Devito, Joseph David Dynderski, Lee M. Elliott, Julio Fernandez, Jr., Richard B. Ford, Richard W. Gardner, Kenneth Gough, Michael Graham, Charles E. Gunn, R.W. Krysiak, Joseph Laput, Martin Lane, Willliam Robert MacIntosh, William MacLean, Malcolm R. Major, Henry Maynard, William McCasland, Carmelo Otero, Charles Ouellette, Kevin A. Rodino, Steve Salvatore, William Soukup, Peter Strniste, Martinique Zhigailo, Alexander Jones, Dwight Carlson, Erwin McKinney, David Hutchinson, Terrence Dunn, David Waddell, Frederick Downs, Eugene Terry, James Rogers, Sandra Brown, John Hill, Donald F. Lopresto, Raymond W. Shove, III, George M. Lawrence, Kenneth Wilson, Angelo F. Tosi, Mario A. Garofalo, William J. Barbour, Donald Barry, Robert Birge, Peter L. Considine, Enrico G. Soliani, Howard Smith, Peter R. Terenzi, III, Kevin McCarthy, Barrie Toothill And Arthur Von Holtz, Intervenors-Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Lester J. FORST, John A. Mulligan, John Jacewicz, Michael Stergio, Warren T. Seeley, Raoul Oullette, Frederick Diggle, Thomas Elliott, William Smith, Edward Dailey, Peter Plante, Robert Offen, Robert O'Shaughnessy, Charles Levy, James Hiltz, Timothy Barry, Richard Levine, Rubin Bradford, James Reilly, State of Connecticut, Joseph Faughnan, Walter Scholtz, John F. Watson, George Moore, Donald Paige, John Bardelli, Robert Bessechek, Wilfred Blanchette, Henry Bourgeois, Vincent Brennan, Manfred Brideau, Richard Brozek, John Burke, John E. Brymer, Shaun Byrne, John Caputo, Dominic Console, Richard Covello, Frank D'Amico, James Darby, Richard Day, John Dewey, John Foley, Christopher Garrity, Errol Goffe, Paul Guillot, Bruce Haines, Patrick Hedge, Dorris Hughes, Robert Hull, George Huston, Paul Jaskolka, Anthony Kalkus, Peter J. Kennedy, Thomas Kenney, Cornelius Kerwin, William Kirkby, Kenneth Kirschner, John Leonard, John Leone, Donald Long, Paul L. Mallon, Douglas Manahan, Richard Maynard, John McGoldrick, James McGrath, Lawrence Merrill, Ronald Mikulka, James Mooney, Bernard Moran, Roger Morgan, Charles A. Morrison, Jr., Raymond Morse, John Mucherino, Lieutenant Myers, Donald Nurse, Scott O'Mara, David Paige, Joseph Palombizio, Joseph Perry, John Rearick, Trooper Reed, James Rice, Richard Rizzuti, Frank Robinson, John Rofsky, James Rogers, Robert Root, Royal Schiffer, James Shay, James Smith, Charles Supsinskas, William Sydenham, John Taylor, Matthew Tyska, Raymond Watrous and Robert Welch, Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Decided July 3, 1996.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Aaron S. Bayer, Deputy Attorney General, Hartford, Connecticut (Richard Blumenthal, Attorney General of Connecticut, Henri Alexandre, Carolyn K. Querijero, Jane R. Rosenberg, Assistant Attorneys General, Hartford, Connecticut, John W. Sitarz, Cooney, Scully & Dowling, Hartford, Connecticut, on the brief), for Defendants-Appellants.

Christopher D. Bernard, Bridgeport, Connecticut (Koskoff, Koskoff & Bieder, Bridgeport, Connecticut, Garrett M. Moore, Judith A. Mauzaka, Moore & O'Brien, Cheshire, Connecticut, on the brief), for Plaintiffs-Appellees and Intervenors-Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Before: KEARSE, MAHONEY and PARKER, Circuit Judges.


KEARSE, Circuit Judge:

Defendants Lester J. Forst and other present and former officials of the Connecticut State Police ("State Police") appeal from so much of an order of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, T.F. Gilroy Daly, Judge, as denied their motion for summary judgment dismissing claims brought principally under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1994) and Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, 18 U.S...

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