IN RE GENERAL MOTORS CORP. PICK-UP TRUCK FUEL TANK

Nos. 94-1064, 94-1194, 94-1195, 94-1198, 94-1202, 94-1203, 94-1207, 94-1208 and 94-1219.

55 F.3d 768 (1995)

In re GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION PICK-UP TRUCK FUEL TANK PRODUCTS LIABILITY LITIGATION. Jack French, Robert M. West, Charles E. Merritt, Gary Blades, Dawn and Tracey Best, Gary and Jackie Barnes, Betty Marteny, John and Mary Southands, Edmund Berning, Dale W. Plummer, Edmund and Anneta Casey, John and Connie Yonki, Carl and Kathryn Corona, Dallas and Patricia Nelson, Mynard and Mildred Duncan, Kirby L. Stegman, DeWayne Anderson, Morris and Barbara Betzold, Appellants in No. 94-1064. Rudolph Jenkins, William D. Cunningham, Mather Johnson, Forrest Charles Ginn, Buren William Jones and Martin D. Parkman, Appellants in No. 94-1194. Parish of Jefferson, Appellant in No. 94-1195. The State of New York, Appellant in No. 94-1198. Elton Wilson, individually, and Frank I. Owen, individually and on behalf of the residents of the State of Alabama, Appellants in No. 94-1202. City of New York, Appellant in No. 94-1203. Betty Youngs, Barbara Phillips, Margaret Engel, Larry Swope, Robbin Maxwell and Center for Auto Safety, Appellants in No. 94-1207. Betty Youngs, Barbara Phillips, Margaret Engel, Larry Swope, Robbin Maxwell and Center for Auto Safety, Appellants in No. 94-1208. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, Appellant in No. 94-1219.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Decided April 17, 1995.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

James A. Schink, (argued), J. Andrew Lanagan, Robert B. Ellis, Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago, IL, George J. Lavin, Jr., Francis P. Burns, III, Lavin, Coleman, Finarelli & Gray, Philadelphia, PA, Lee A. Schutzman, Edward C. Wolfe, General Motors Corp., Detroit, MI, for General Motors Corp., appellee.

Andrew M. Hutton, Derek S. Casey, Paul Benton Weeks, III, Michaud, Hutton, Fisher & Anderson, Wichita, KS, for Jack French, Robert M. West, Charles E. Merritt, Gary Blades, Dawn Best, Tracey Best, Gary Barnes, Jackie Barnes, Betty Marteny, John Southards, Mary Southards, Edmund Berning, Dale W. Plummer, Edmund Casey, Anneta Casey, John Yonki, Connie Yonki, Carl Corona, Kathryn Corona, Dallas Nelson, Patricia Nelson, Mynard Duncan, Mildred Duncan, Kirby L. Stegman, Dewayne Anderson, Morris Betzold, Barbara Betzold, Dennis Acuma, appellants.

Diane M. Nast (argued), William E. Hoese, Kohn, Swift & Graf, P.C., Philadelphia, PA, Elizabeth J. Cabraser (argued), Michael F. Ram, Lieff, Cabraser & Heimann, San Francisco, CA, for Dennis Acuma, John E. Martin, plaintiff class/appellees.

John W. Barrett, Barrett Law Offices, Lexington, MS, for John Mayhall, Brendan Hayes, Jimmy Benson, Jimmy Haddock, Dennis Nabors, Marcia Baldwin, appellees.

William S. Lerach, Milberg, Weiss, Bershad, Hynes & Lerach, San Diego, CA, for William A. Lewis, David Grubbs, Raymond Carver, Johnny S. Martinez, Robert A. Flowers, Stone Ridge Agri, Inc., James McKinnish, Douglas A. Livingston, appellees.

Richard S. Schiffrin, Schiffrin & Craig, Bala Cynwyd, PA, for Johnny S. Martinez, Joseph St. Clair, appellees.

Patricia J. Clancy, Sr. Deputy County Counsel, County of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, for City of Los Angeles, Alameda City, Santa Barbara City, Utah City, Washington City, amicus-appellee.

James E. Butler, Jr. (argued), Robert D. Cheeley, Peter J. Daughtery, Butler, Wooten, Overby & Cheeley, Columbus, GA, for Rudolph Jenkins, William D. Cunningham, Mather Johnson, Forrest Charles Ginn, Buren William Jones, Martin D. Parkman.

Hans J. Liljeberg, Jefferson Parish Atty.'s Office, Gretna, LA, Jeron J. LaFargue, Jefferson Parish Atty.'s Office, Harahan, LA, for Parish of Jefferson, appellant.

G. Oliver Koppell, Atty. Gen. of the State of N.Y., Peter H. Schiff, Deputy Sol. Gen., Nancy A. Spiegel, Andrea Oser, Asst. Attys. Gen., Albany, NY, for State of N.Y., appellant.

Michael J. Evans, Steven D. King, Longshore, Evans & Longshore, Birmingham, AL, for Elton Wilson, individually, Frank I. Owen, individually and on behalf of the residents of the State of Alabama, appellants.

John Hogrogian, New York, NY, for City of New York, appellant.

Brian S. Wolfman (argued), David C. Vladeck, Public Citizen Litigation Group, C. Ray Gold, Center for Auto Safety, Washington, DC, for Betty Youngs, Barbara Phillips, Margaret Engel, Larry Swope, Robbin Maxwell, Center for Auto Safety, appellants.

Stephen F.J. Martin (argued), Asst. Counsel In-Charge, Steven I. Roth, Asst. Counsel, Robert J. Shea, Asst. Chief Counsel, John L. Heaton, Chief Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Dept. of Transp., Harrisburg, PA, for Com. of Pa., appellant.

Before BECKER, ALITO, and GIBSON, Circuit Judges.


                                          TABLE OF CONTENTS
  I. FACTS, PROCEDURAL HISTORY, AND STANDARD OF REVIEW .........................779
     A. General Background .....................................................779
     B. The Settlement Agreement ...............................................780
     C. Approval of the Settlement and Fees ....................................781
     D. The NHTSA Investigation ............................

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