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PHILIP MORRIS, INC. v. EMERSON

Record Nos. 841374, 841385, 841405, 841549, 841560 and 841564.

368 S.E.2d 268 (1988)

PHILIP MORRIS INCORPORATED v. Garry Lee EMERSON, et al. PHILIP MORRIS INCORPORATED v. Hubert C. MENTZ, et al. PHILIP MORRIS INCORPORATED v. Edward J. SAWYER, etc., et al. Bonnie Jean GORE v. PHILIP MORRIS INCORPORATED, et al. TEXACO, INC. v. Hubert C. MENTZ, et al. A-LINE INDUSTRIES, INC. v. Garry Lee EMERSON, et al.

Supreme Court of Virginia.

April 22, 1988.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Lewis T. Booker (G.H. Gromel, Jr., Hunton & Williams, Richmond, on briefs), for appellant in Nos. 841374, 841385 and 841405.

Terrence R. Batzli, James J. Burns, E. Lewis Kincer, Jr., Frank N. Cowan (Theodore J. Markow, James D. Davis, Richmond, Leslie D. Campbell, Jr., Ashland, Howard W. Dobbins, William A. Young, Jr., Alexander N. Simon, G. Kenneth Miller, W. Joseph Owen, III, Mays, Valentine, Davenport & Moore, Wallerstein, Goode & Dobbins, May & Miller, P.C., Cowan & Owen, Crews, Hancock & Dunn, McCaul, Grigsby, Pearsall, Manning & Davis, Richmond, Campbell and Campbell, Ashland, on briefs), for appellees in No. 841374.

Christopher M. Malone, James J. Burns, E. Lewis Kincer, Jr., Frank N. Cowan (John B. Thompson, Richmond, John C. Shea, Hopewell, Howard W. Dobbins, William A. Young, Jr., Alexander N. Simon, G. Kenneth Miller, W. Joseph Owen, III, Thompson & McMullan, Richmond, Marks, Stokes & Harrison, Hopewell, Wallerstein, Goode & Dobbins, May & Miller, P.C., Cowan & Owen, Richmond, on briefs), for appellees in No. 841385.

James J. Burns, E. Lewis Kincer, Jr., Frank N. Cowan (Howard W. Dobbins, William A. Young, Jr., Alexander N. Simon, G. Kenneth Miller, W. Joseph Owen, III, Richmond, Leonard C. Pederson, Jr., Washington, D.C., Wallerstein, Goode & Dobbins, May and Miller, P.C., Cowan & Owen, Richmond, Schulze, Sorrell & Pederson, P.C., Washington, D.C., on briefs), for appellees in No. 841405.

James D. Davis, Richmond (McCaul, Grigsby, Pearsall, Manning & Davis, Richmond, on briefs), for appellant in No. 841549.

G.H. Gromel, Jr., James J. Burns (Lewis T. Booker, Howard W. Dobbins, William A. Young, Jr., Alexander N. Simon, Hunton & Williams, Wallerstein, Goode & Dobbins, Richmond, on briefs), for appellees in No. 841549.

Howard W. Dobbins, James J. Burns (William A. Young, Jr., Alexander N. Simon, Wallerstein, Goode & Dobbins, Richmond, on briefs), for appellant in No. 841560.

Christopher M. Malone, James D. Davis, E. Lewis Kincer, Jr., Frank N. Cowan (John B. Thompson, Terrence R. Batzli, Richmond, Leslie D. Campbell, Jr., Ashland, Theodore J. Markow, Richmond, John C. Shea, Hopewell, Lewis T. Booker, G.H. Gromel, Jr., G. Kenneth Miller, W. Joseph Owen, III, Richmond, Leonard C. Pederson, Jr., Washington, D.C., Thompson & McMullan, McCaul, Grigsby, Pearsall, Manning & Davis, Mays, Valentine, Davenport & Moore, Richmond, Campbell and Campbell, Ashland, Crews, Hancock & Dunn, Richmond, Marks, Stokes & Harrison, Hopewell, Hunton & Williams, May & Miller, Cowan & Owen, Richmond, Schulze, Sorrell & Pederson, P.C., Washington, D.C., on briefs), for appellees in No. 841560.

Frank N. Cowan (W. Joseph Owen, III, Cowan & Owen, Richmond, on brief), for appellant in No. 841564.

James D. Davis (Theodore J. Markow, Terrence R. Batzli, Richmond, Leslie D. Campbell, Jr., Ashland, John B. Thompson, Christopher M. Malone, Richmond, John C. Shea, Hopewell, Leonard C. Pederson, Washington, D.C., McCaul, Grigsby, Pearsall, Manning & Davis, Crews, Hancock & Dunn, Mays, Valentine, Davenport & Moore, Richmond, Campbell & Campbell, Ashland, Thompson & McMullan, Richmond, Marks, Stokes & Harrison, Hopewell, Schulze, Sorrell & Pederson, P.C., Washington, D.C., on briefs), for appellees in No. 841564.

Present POFF, COMPTON, STEPHENSON, RUSSELL and WHITING, JJ., and GORDON and COCHRAN, Retired Justices.

WHITING, Justice.

I. FACTS

From the early 1960's to 1969, Texaco, Inc. (Texaco) conducted experiments on rocket fuels and filaments in a laboratory facility it owned in Richmond, using a liquid known as pentaborane. Pentaborane is highly toxic to humans; a pharmacologist who had investigated the characteristics and effects of pentaborane for the United States Air Force, described it as a "supertoxic" chemical...

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