Rachel Brehm King , Office of the Attorney General, 3501 Colby Ave. Ste. 200, Everett, WA, 98201-4795, for Respondent.
Kathryn E. Fort , Mich. Univ. College of Indian Law Clinic, 648 N. Shaw Lane, Suite 415k, East Lansing, MI, 48824, Ronald John Whitener , Center of Indigenous Research and Justice, 5033 Harrison Ave. Nw, Olympia, WA, 98502-5083, Shelley Mbonu (Appearing Pro Se), Northern Arapaho Tribe, Icwa Director, P.O. Box 951, Riverton, WY, 82501, for Appellant Intervenor.
Tara Urs , La Rond Baker , King County Department of Public Defense, 710 2nd Ave. Ste. 200, Seattle, WA, 98104-1703, Amicus Curiae on behalf of King County Department of Public Defense.
Brooke Pinkham , Seattle University School of Law, 901 12th Ave., Sullivan H1, Seattle, WA, 98122-4411, Amicus Curiae on behalf of Seattle University Center for Indian Law & Policy.
Lisa Ann Kelly , University of Washington, Po Box 85110, William H. Gates H1 Ste. 265, Seattle, WA, 98145-1110, Stacey Lara , University of Washington School of Law, 4293 Memorial Way Nw., Seattle, WA, 98195-0001, Amicus Curiae on behalf of Univ of WA Children & Youth Advocacy Clinic & Parent Advocacy.
Robert S. Chang , Seattle University School of Law, 901 12th Ave., Seattle, WA, 98122-4411, Amicus Curiae on behalf of Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law & Equality.
Jennifer Masako Yogi , Attorney at Law, 401 2nd Ave. S. Ste. 407, Seattle, WA, 98104-3811, Amicus Curiae on behalf of Northwest Justice Project.
Nancy Lynn Talner , ACLU-WA, Po Box 2728, Seattle, WA, 98111-2728, Amicus Curiae on behalf of Aclu of Washington.
Alexandria Marie Hohman , The Washington Defender Association, 110 Prefontaine Pl. S. Ste. 610, Seattle, WA, 98104-2626, Amicus Curiae on behalf of Washington Defender Association.
Harold James Riveira, Pro se.
Dustin Smith, Pro se.
En Banc.
WHITENER, J.
¶1 Under the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 19781 (ICWA) and the Washington State Indian Child Welfare Act2 (WICWA), the State must make "active efforts ... to prevent the breakup of the Indian[3
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