ARIZONA v. NAVAJO NATION

No. 21-1484, No. 22-51.

143 S.Ct. 1804 (2023)

ARIZONA, et al., Petitioners v. NAVAJO NATION, et al. Department of the Interior, et al., Petitioners v. Navajo Nation, et al.

Supreme Court of United States.

Decided June 22, 2023.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Frederick Liu for federal parties.

Rita P. Maguire for state parties.

Shay Dvoretzky , Washington, DC, for respondents.

Philip J. Weiser , Attorney General, Eric R. Olson , Solicitor General, Counsel of Record, Office of the Colorado, Attorney General, Denver, Colorado, Scott Steinbrecher , Assistant Deputy Attorney General, A. Lain Leoniak , First Assistant Attorney General, Russell D. Johnson , Assistant Solicitor General, Haley Dutch , Assistant Attorney, General Fellow, Counsel for State of Colorado.

Rita P. Maguire , Counsel of Record, Rita P. Maguire, Attorney at Law, PLLC, Phoenix, AZ, for petitioner State of Arizona, for petitioners.

Jay M. Johnson , Gregory L. Adams , Central Arizona Water Conservation District, Phoenix, AZ, Stuart L. Somach , Robert B. Hoffman , Somach Simmons & Dunn, A Professional Corporation, Sacramento, CA, for petitioner Central Arizona Water Conservation District.

John B. Weldon, Jr. , Lisa M. McKnight , Salmon, Lewis & Weldon, P.L.C., Phoenix, AZ, for petitioners Salt River Valley Water Users' Association and Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District.

Aaron Ford , Attorney General of Nevada, David Newton , Special Counsel to the Colorado River Commission of Nevada, State of Nevada and Colorado River Commission of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, for petitioners State of Nevada and Colorado River Commission of Nevada.

Lauren J. Caster , Bradley J. Pew , Fennemore Craig, P.C., Phoenix, AZ, for petitioners State of Nevada, Colorado River Commission of Nevada, and Southern Nevada Water Authority.

Gregory J. Walch , General Counsel, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, NV, for petitioner Southern Nevada Water Authority.

Marcia L. Scully , General Counsel, Catherine M. Stites , The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, for petitioner the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.

Steven B. Abbott , Redwine and Sherrill, LLP, Riverside, CA, for petitioner Coachella Valley Water District.

Charles T. Dumars , Law & Resource Planning Associates, P.C., Albuquerque, NM, Joanna S. Hoff , Imperial Irrigation District, Imperial, CA, for petitioner Imperial Irrigation District.

Elizabeth B. Prelogar , Solicitor General, Counsel of Record, Todd Kim , Assistant Attorney General, Edwin S. Kneedler , Deputy Solicitor General, Frederick Liu , Assistant to the Solicitor General, William B. Lazarus , John L. Smeltzer , Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Federal Parties

Ethel B. Branch , Attorney General, G. Michelle Brown-Yazzie , Paul Spruhan , Assistant Attorneys General, Navajo Nation , Department of Justice, Navajo, Nation (AZ), Alice Elizabeth Walker , Meyer, Walker & Walker, P.C., Boulder, CO, Shay Dvoretzky , Counsel of Record, Parker Rider-Longmaid , Sylvia O. Tsakos , Jeremy Patashnik , Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Washington, DC, M. Kathryn Hoover , Sacks Tierney, P.A., Scottsdale, AZ, Counsel for Navajo Nation.


In 1848, the United States won the Mexican-American War and acquired vast new territory from Mexico in what would become the American West. The Navajos lived within a discrete portion of that expansive and newly American territory. For the next two decades, however, the United States and the...

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