SCHWARTZ v. LOPEZ

No. 69611, No. 70648.

382 P.3d 886 (2016)

132 Nev. Adv. Opn. 73

Dan SCHWARTZ, in His Official Capacity as Treasurer of the State of Nevada, Appellant, v. Hellen Quan LOPEZ, individually and on behalf of Her Minor Child, C.Q.; Michelle Gorelow, individually and on behalf of her minor children, A.G. and H.G.; Electra Skryzdlewski, individually and on behalf of Her Minor Child, L.M.; Jennifer Carr, Individually and on Behalf of Her Minor Children, W.C., A.C., and E.C.; Linda Johnson, Individually and on Behalf of Her Minor Child, K.J.; and Sarah Solomon and Brian Solomon, Individually and on Behalf of Their Minor Children, D.S. and K.S., Respondents. Ruby Duncan, an individual; Rabbi Mel Hecht, an individual; Howard Watts, III, an individual; Leora Olivas, an individual; and Adam Berger, an individual, Appellants, v. The State of Nevada Office of the State Treasurer; The State of Nevada Department of Education; Dan Schwartz, Nevada State Treasurer, in His Official Capacity; Steve Canavero, Interim Superintendent of Public Instruction, in His Official Capacity; Aimee Hairr; Aurora Espinoza; Elizabeth Robbins; Lara Allen; Jeffrey Smith; and Trina Smith, Respondents.

Supreme Court of Nevada.

FILED SEPTEMBER 29, 2016.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Adam Paul Laxalt , Attorney General, Lawrence VanDyke , Deputy Solicitor General, and Jordan T. Smith , Assistant Solicitor General, Carson City; Bancroft PLLC and Paul D. Clement , Washington, D.C., for Dan Schwartz, Steve Canavero, the Nevada Office of the Treasurer, and the Nevada Department of Education.

Wolf, Rifkin, Shapiro, Schulman & Rabkin, LLP, and Don Springmeyer , Justin C. Jones , and Bradley S. Schrager , Las Vegas; Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP and Tamerlin J. Godley , Thomas Paul Clancy , and Samuel T. Boyd , Los Angeles, California; Education Law Center and David G. Sciarra and Amanda Morgan , Newark, New Jersey, for Jennifer Carr , Michelle Gorelow , Linda Johnson , Hellen Quan Lopez , Electra Skryzdlewski , Brian Solomon , and Sarah Solomon .

American Civil Liberties Union of Nevada and Amy M. Rose , Las Vegas; Americans United for Separation of Church and State and Richard B. Katskee and Gregory M. Lipper , Washington, D.C.; American Civil Liberties Union Foundation and Daniel Mach and Heather L. Weaver , Washington, D.C.; Covington & Burling LLP and Nitin Subhedar and Samuel Jacob Edwards , San Francisco, California, for Adam Berger, Ruby Duncan, Mel Hecht, Leora Olivas, and Howard Watts, III.

Kolesar & Leatham, Chtd., and Matthew T. Dushoff and Lisa J. Zastrow , Las Vegas; Institute for Justice and Timothy D. Keller and Keith E. Diggs , Tempe, Arizona, for Lara Allen, Aurora Espinoza, Aimee Hairr, Elizabeth Robbins, Jeffrey Smith, and Trina Smith.

Ashcraft & Barr LLP and Jeffrey F. Barr , Las Vegas; Eric C. Rassbach , Diana M. Verm , and Lori H. Windham , Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty.

Muehlbauer Law Office, Ltd., and Andrew R. Muehlbauer , Las Vegas; Wisconsin Institute for Law & Liberty and Richard M. Esenberg , and CJ Szafir , Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for Amici Curiae The American Federation for Children, Hispanics for School Choice, School Choice Wisconsin, Dr. Patrick J. Wolf, and Wisconsin Institute for Law & Liberty.

Sande Law Group and John P. Sande, IV , and Victor Salcido , Las Vegas, for Amicus Curiae Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice.

Lemons, Grundy & Eisenberg and Robert L. Eisenberg , Reno, for Amici Curiae National School Boards Association and Nevada Association of School Boards.

Leon Greenberg Professional Corporation and Leon M. Greenberg and Julie Underwood , Las Vegas, for Amici Curiae Association of Wisconsin School Administrators, Horace Mann League, Network for Public Education, Wisconsin Alliance for Excellent Schools, and Wisconsin Association of School District Administrators.

Dyer, Lawrence, Penrose, Flaherty, Donaldson & Prunty and Francis C. Flaherty and Casey A. Gillham , Carson City; National Education Association and Kristen L. Hollar , Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae National Educational Association and Nevada State Education Association.

Reisman Sorokac and Joshua H. Reisman and Heidi J. Parry Stern , Las Vegas, for Amici Curiae Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty and Hindu American Foundation.

Marquis Aurbach Coffing and Micah S. Echols , Las Vegas; Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP and Todd Zubler , Daniel Hartman , and Kevin Gallagher , Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae Foundation for Excellence in Education.

Woodburn & Wedge and W. Chris Wicker , Reno, for Amici Curiae Mexican-American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Las Vegas NAACP, and Southern Poverty Law Center.

BEFORE THE COURT EN BANC.


OPINION

In 2015, the Nevada Legislature passed the Education Savings Account (ESA) program, which allows public funds to be transferred from the State Distributive School Account into private education savings accounts maintained for the benefit of school-aged children to pay for private schooling, tutoring...

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