IN RE VOLKSWAGEN "CLEAN DIESEL" MARKETING, SALES PRACTICES, AND PRODUCTS LIABILITY LITIGATION

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Nicholas Benipayo, Plaintiff, represented by Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Nadine Bonda, Plaintiff, represented by Adam M. Stewart , Shapiro Haber & Urmy LLP & Thomas G. Shapiro , Shapiro Haber and Urmy, LLP.

Brian Connelly, Plaintiff, represented by Thomas G. Shapiro , Shapiro Haber and Urmy, LLP.

Nicholas Allen, Daniel Carroll, Giancarlo Ceci, Dominic Troffer, Paul Linnee, Sarah Hayden, Dario Medina, Shanice Boyette, Isaac Hoover, John Mazur & Forrest Tinsler, Plaintiffs, represented by Caleb Marker , Zimmerman Reed LLP, pro hac vice & Charles S. Zimmerman , Zimmerman Reed, PLLP, pro hac vice.

Brett Alters, John Costello, Melissa Costello, Jack Herrell, Sandra Herrell & Susan Sherman, Plaintiffs, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, David S. Stellings , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Nicholas Diamand , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein LLP, Phong-Chau Gia Nguyen , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Donald Ardine, Annie Argento, Linda Babinski, Chaan William Beard, Nicholas Bond, Segundino Butron, III, Kate DeNeveu, Amy Dvorak, Dawn Faron-Ardine, Shelby Fruge, Aaron Patrick Gardner, John Gatti, Hava Gurevich, Nicolas Heiss, Harvey Jassem, Bryan Kingman, Patrick Kosacek, Michael Lorenz, Karin McCloskey, Leo McCloskey, Matt Moeller, Tammy Moeller, Kenneth Odegard, Alice Paylor, Jerald Rasor, William Resh, William Romesburg, Sandra Rossi, John Rowden, Carrie Scott, Donald Stave, James Stepahin, Nancy Stirek, Aaron Tarnow, Raymond Thomas, Ralph Waterhouse, Alexis Weil, Nathan Wheeler, Eric Wilson, Charles Woods, Paul Wright, Robyn Zelenetz & Scott Zelenetz, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Arkansas State Highway Employees Retirement System, Plaintiff, represented by Kate Whitman Aufses , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP, Jai K. Chandrasekhar , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP, pro hac vice, James A. Harrod , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP, Matthew I. Henzi , Sullivan, War, Niki L. Mendoza , Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP & Susan Rebbeca Podolsky , The Law Offices of Susan R. Podolsky.

Steven Yell, Plaintiff, represented by Celene Chan Andrews , Kasdan LippSmith Weber Turner LLP, Frank A. Perez , Kasdan LippSmith Weber Turner LLP, Graham Bruce LippSmith , Kasdan LippSmith Weber Turner LLP & Kenneth S. Kasdan , Kasdan Lippsmith Weber Turner LLP.

Christopher Bricker, Plaintiff, represented by Gabriel A. Hawkins , Cohen & Malad, LLP, Irwin B. Levin , Cohen Malad LLP, Lynn A. Toops , Cohen and Malad LLP, Richard E. Shevitz , Cohen and Malad & Tim A. Quenelle , Tim Quenelle PC.

Danijela Bjelic, Plaintiff, represented by Damien J. Marshall , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, David Boies , Boies Schiller and Flexner, pro hac vice, E. Powell Miller , The Miller Law Firm, P.C., Mark Dearman , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, pro hac vice, Paul J. Geller , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, Scott E. Gant , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, pro hac vice, Sharon S. Almonrode , The Miller Law Firm, P.C., Stephen Neal Zack , Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, pro hac vice & Stuart Andrew Davidson , Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP.

Tyler Bliss, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel E. Gustafson , Gustafson Gluek PLLC, pro hac vice, Daniel C. Hedlund , Gustafson Gluek PLLC, E. Powell Miller , The Miller Law Firm, P.C. & Sharon S. Almonrode , The Miller Law Firm, P.C.

Sakhi Abraham, Gordon Clifton Goodgame, Jr. & Katie G. Warwick, Plaintiffs, represented by Elizabeth M. Hill , Patrick Beard Schulman and Jacoway, Gary R. Patrick , Patrick Beard Schulman and Jacoway, Michael A. Anderson , Patrick Beard Schulman and Jacoway & Richard A. Schulman , Patrick, Beard, Schulman & Jacoway PC.

Molly Briggs, Todd Briggs, Joseph Bruno, Ellis Casteen, Nora Donaire, Tammy Hendricks, Roland Hermann, Derrick Jamerson, Duncan Lawrece, Kathleen Lawrence, Jason Quillen, Paul Robell, Hans Schult, Sheila Schult, Christopher VanCompernolle & Gina Wrigley, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy L. Marino , Sommers Schwartz, P.C. & Jason J. Thompson , Sommers Schwartz, P.C., pro hac vice.

Richard S. Corenthal, Andra J. Fertig, Leo Glickman, Izabela Szulc & James V. Williams, Plaintiffs, represented by Alexander H. Schmidt, Esq. , Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP, James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C. & Rachele R. Byrd , Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP.

Sonia M. Feldman & Lawrence Tepper, Plaintiffs, represented by Alan W. Bernstein , Bernstein and Feldman PA & Scott Daniel Forney , Bernstein & Feldman P.A.

Michael G. Criston, Plaintiff, represented by Richard Moss Golomb , Golomb Honik & Ruben Honik , Golomb & Honik PC.

Denise Defiesta, Plaintiff, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, David S. Stellings , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, Gary E. Mason , Whitfield Bryson & Mason LLP, James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C., Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Nicholas Diamand , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein LLP, Phong-Chau Gia Nguyen , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, Scott Alan George , Seeger Weiss LLP & Timothy G. Blood , Blood Hurst & O'Reardon, LLP.

John Fernandez, Plaintiff, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, David S. Stellings , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C., Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Nicholas Diamand , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein LLP, Phong-Chau Gia Nguyen , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP & Scott Alan George , Seeger Weiss LLP.

April Harvey & Millard Ramsey, Plaintiffs, represented by Gary R. Patrick , Patrick Beard Schulman and Jacoway, Michael A. Anderson , Patrick Beard Schulman and Jacoway & Richard A. Schulman , Patrick, Beard, Schulman & Jacoway PC.

Juliet Brodie, David Ebenstein, DeWayne Fox & Sara Schram, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice, Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Scott Xavier Brown, Plaintiff, represented by Aaron D. Cox , Law Offices of Aaron D. Cox PLLC.

Earline Sonnenburg & William Sonnenburg, Plaintiffs, represented by Elizabeth M. Hill , Patrick Beard Schulman and Jacoway, pro hac vice, Gary R. Patrick , Patrick Beard Schulman and Jacoway, pro hac vice, Michael A. Anderson , Patrick Beard Schulman and Jacoway, pro hac vice & Richard A. Schulman , Patrick, Beard, Schulman & Jacoway PC.

Judy Brownlow, Plaintiff, represented by Sheldon L. Miller .

Thomas L. Buyers, Julia D. Hall, William Pendry & Latonia Pitts, Plaintiffs, represented by Sarah W. Colegrove , Briggs, Colegrove.

Carol Coplan, Plaintiff, represented by Jaye Quadrozzi , Young & Associates & Lesley Elizabeth Weaver , Bleichmar Fonti & Auld LLP.

C. Dax Farmer, Plaintiff, represented by Christian Adam Jenkins , Minnillo and Jenkins Co., LPA, Jeffrey Scott Goldenberg , Goldenberg Schneider, LPA, pro hac vice, Robert Brent Sherwood , Goldenberg Schneider & Todd Benjamin Naylor , Goldenberg Schneider, LPA.

Jennifer Dixon, James H. Fisher, Jacqueline Fox, Frank Hoffman & Ari Kaufman, Plaintiffs, represented by E. Powell Miller , The Miller Law Firm, P.C. & Sharon S. Almonrode , The Miller Law Firm, P.C.

Jennifer Kerwood, Plaintiff, represented by Benjamin L. Bailey , BAILEY AND GLASSER, LLP, Elizabeth Ryan , Bailey and Glasser LLP, Eric B. Snyder , Bailey & Glasser LLP, John J. Roddy , Bailey and Glasser LLP & Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP.

Amy E. Weiss & Jonathan Weiss, Plaintiffs, represented by Jamie Greer Goldstein , Arias Sanguinetti Stahle and Torrijos LLp, Alfredo Torrijos , Arias Sanguinetti Wang & Torrijos LLP & Mike M. Arias , Arias Sanguinetti Wang & Torrijos LLP.

Robert F. Eslick, Plaintiff, represented by Alexander H. Schmidt, Esq. , Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP, Mark Christian Rossman , Rossman Law, PC & Rachele R. Byrd , Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP.

Jeremy D. Fisher, Gary Osman, Nancy E. Thompson, Robert S. Lyss, Jr., Kristoff T'Siobbel, Ryan Parker, Harry Vogel & Dennis Moore, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy E. Keller , DiCello Levitt & Casey LLC & Edward A. Wallace , Wexler Wallace LLP.

Timothy Flynn & David Hough, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Andrew Christopher Ficzko , Stephan Zouras, LLP, Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, James Zouras , STEPHAN ZOURAS, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice, Ryan F. Stephan , Stephan Zouras, LLP, Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP & Teresa Becvar , Stephan Zouras, LLP, pro hac vice.

Robert Wagner, Plaintiff, represented by Alex Davis , JONES WARD PLC, Jasper Ward , JONES WARD PLC, Jean Sutton Martin , Morgan & Morgan Complex Litigation Group & Paul C. Whalen , Law Office of Paul C. Whalen.

Paul Karcsay, Plaintiff, represented by Cody Robert Padgett , Capstone Law, APC, Jordan L. Lurie , Pomerantz LLP, Robert Kenneth Friedl , Capstone Law APC & Tarek H. Zohdy , Capstone Lawyers, APC.

Aaron Naparstek, Plaintiff, represented by Marie Ann McCrary , Gutride Safier LLP & Seth Adam Safier , Gutride Safier LLP.

Michelle Davis Redmond, Plaintiff, represented by Alexander H. Schmidt, Esq. , Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP, Dennis A. Mastando , Mastando & Artrip LLC & Eric James Artrip , Mastando Artrip LLC, pro hac vice.

James Babiak, Jonathon Horacek & Alfred Howe, Plaintiffs, represented by Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Stefanie Beaudreault, Plaintiff, represented by Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Jacqulyn Jamerson, Plaintiff, represented by Jason J. Thompson , Sommers Schwartz, P.C., pro hac vice.

Jamie Joseph, Plaintiff, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Darryl Bressack , Fink + Associates Law, David H. Fink , Fink + Associates, Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Schuyler Exton Von Oeyen , Fink & Associates Law.

Claudia Kindler, Laura Gene Richardson & Nathan Staley, Plaintiffs, represented by Jaye Quadrozzi , Young & Associates.

Jeffrey King, Plaintiff, represented by E. Powell Miller , The Miller Law Firm, P.C., Mark Dearman , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, pro hac vice, Paul J. Geller , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, Sharon S. Almonrode , The Miller Law Firm, P.C. & Stuart Andrew Davidson , Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP.

Donna Kirkman, Tim Kirkman, Melanie Rodd & Bernie Williams, Plaintiffs, represented by Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Carrie Ullmer, Plaintiff, represented by Judith L. Camilleri , Donahoo and Associates, Richard E. Donahoo , Donahoo & Associates & Sarah L. Kokonas , Donahoo & Associates.

Janet Levy Pauli, Plaintiff, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice, Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP & Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP.

Saulius Malinauskas, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew Christopher Ficzko , Stephan Zouras, LLP, James Zouras , STEPHAN ZOURAS, LLP, pro hac vice, Ryan F. Stephan , Stephan Zouras, LLP, Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP & Teresa Becvar , Stephan Zouras, LLP, pro hac vice.

Susan Matthews, Plaintiff, represented by Alan Kellman , The Jaques Admiralty Law Firm, PC, Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice & Timothy A. Swafford , Jacques Admiralty Law Firm.

Donald W. Nelson & Nick J. Widmar, Plaintiffs, represented by Richard Michael Hagstrom , Hellmuth & Johnson, PLLC.

Melissa Bracken, Joshua Campbell, Mark Carnett, Anthony DeMartino, Rezeda Dozier, Melissa Fedorczyk, Emily Fisher, Grant Gall, Kshanti Greene, John Halloran, Van Haynes, Christopher Monroe, Petar Ramadanovic & Daniel Robinson, Plaintiffs, represented by Fredman B. Peter , Law Office of Peter Fredman PC, Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

John Dull, Plaintiff, represented by Fredman B. Peter , Law Office of Peter Fredman PC, Jeff D. Friedman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

David Goodson, Plaintiff, represented by Fredman B. Peter , Law Office of Peter Fredman PC, Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice, Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice, Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Rebekah Osterman, Plaintiff, represented by Paul J. Whiting , Whiting Law, pro hac vice.

Ari Levin, Plaintiff, represented by Bruce Heller Nagel , Nagel Rice, LLP, Diane Elizabeth Sammons , Nagel Rice, LLP, Diane Elizabeth Sammons , Nagel Rice, LLP, pro hac vice, Greg Michael Kohn , Nagel Rice LLP, pro hac vice, Jay J. Rice , Nagel Rice, LLP, pro hac vice & Randee M. Matloff , Nagel Rice LLP.

Donald Kevin Vinson, on behalf of himself and all others simiarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Catharine Elizabeth Edwards , Edwards Kirby, David F. Kirby , Edwardes Kirby LLP, Henry G. Garrard, III , Blasingame Burch Garrard and Ashley, P.C., James Matthews, III , Blasingame, Burch, Garrard and Ashley, PC, John Reid Edwards , Edwards Kirby LLP, pro hac vice, Patrick Hammond Garrard , Blasingame, Burch, Garrard and Ashley, PC & William B. Bystrynski , Edwards Kirby LLP.

William R. Rolinski, Plaintiff, represented by Marc Evan Lipton , Lipton Law.

Keri Ross & Pat Ross, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Andrew Nathan Goldfarb , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Micah Dorn & Peter Haralovich, Plaintiffs, represented by Edward R. Moor , Clifford Law Office, pro hac vice, Kristofer Scott Riddle , Clifford Law Offices, Kristofer Scott Riddle , Clifford Law Offices, pro hac vice, Robert Anthony Clifford , Clifford Law Offices, P.C., Robert Anthony Clifford , Clifford Law Offices, P.C., pro hac vice & Shannon Marie McNulty , Clifford Law Offices, P.C., pro hac vice.

Zachary D. Gall, Plaintiff, represented by Colin William McClain , Humphrey Farrington and McClain PC, pro hac vice, Jay Madison Smith , SMITH AND MCELWAIN LAW OFFICE, Jay Madison Smith , SMITH AND MCELWAIN LAW OFFICE, pro hac vice, Kenneth Blair McClain , Humphrey, Farrington and McClain, Kevin Daniel Stanley , Humphrey Farrington and McClain PC, pro hac vice & Lauren Elise McClain , Humphrey Farrington and McClain PC, pro hac vice.

Daniel Triplett, Plaintiff, represented by Dennis Robert Lansdowne , Spangenberg Shibley and Liber LLP, Jerry M. Miniard , Miniard & Associates, Nicholas A. DiCello , Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP, Peter H. Weinberger , Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP, Stuart E. Scott , Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP & William B. Eadie , Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP.

David A. Bennett, Bruce Allen, Kendall Berlin, Enver Botic, William Botkin, Chad Burk, Robert Campbell, Vicki Carder, Jeffrey Carothers, Jeremy Conary, Christopher Conover, Silverio Cortese, Devin Dierenfield, Brody Eller, Justin Ewing, Vincent Gambino, William Giordano, Andrew Girard, Justin Griffith, Kathleen Henderson, Stephen Highfill, Bryan Hinschberger, Michael Honey, Neil Hornish, Jack Jorgensen, Kyle Lawrence, James Maple, Richard Martinez, Sean McDonald, Balinda Means, Gene P. Moore, Alma Mustedanagic, Chris Northrup, William O'Neill, Donna Olson, Lee Olson, Kunal Pariani, Janet Payne, Rachel Roberts, Walter Schroeder, Donald Seal, Lawrence Emmet Smith, Jamie Sorensen, Willem Suckow, Richard Sudol, Petra Tkacikova, Nicholas Tracy, Kenric Walker, Craig Weaver, James Welch & Carl Barbata, Jr., Plaintiffs, represented by Natasha N. Serino , Law Offices of Alexander M. Schack.

Judi Bertolins, Connor Bridges, Roger Elliott, Ariel Fajerman, Frances Gordon, Jennifer Moffet, Tiffany Omicioli, Linda Rockstad, Scott Voelker & Tiffany Omicioli, indvidually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by William Richard Restis , The Restis Law Firm, P.C.

Paul Byrne, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Jason A. Forge , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, Mark Dearman , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, pro hac vice, Paul J. Geller , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, Rachel L. Jensen , Robbins Gellar Rudman & Dowd LLP & Stuart Andrew Davidson , Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP.

Amber J. Handal, Plaintiff, represented by Jeffrey R. Krinsk , Finkelstein & Krinsk LLP, Mark L. Knutson , Law Offices of Mark L. Knutson, APC & William Richard Restis , The Restis Law Firm, P.C.

Caroline Hoag, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Jason A. Forge , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, Mark Dearman , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, pro hac vice, Paul J. Geller , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, Rachel L. Jensen , Robbins Gellar Rudman & Dowd LLP & Stuart Andrew Davidson , Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, pro hac vice.

Steve Sacks, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Damien J. Marshall , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, David Boies , Boies Schiller and Flexner, pro hac vice, David Laurence Zifkin , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, Scott E. Gant , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, pro hac vice & Stephen Neal Zack , Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, pro hac vice.

Francisco Suro, Plaintiff, represented by John Elliott Sindoni , Boni, Zack & Snyder LLC, Joshua D. Snyder , Boni, Zack & Snyder LLC, Michael J. Boni , Boni, Zack & Snyder LLC & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Martha Asaph, Elizabeth Crosson, Emily Diznoff, Karen Homman, Duane Inoue, Kimi Janson, Cynthia Kirtland, Rachel Otto, Robert Perryman, Laura Ray & Kahtryn Eliza Walsh, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Matthew J. Preusch , Keller Rohrback, L.L.P.

Tom Assaf Abdalla, Peter Brewitt, Ronald Sekul & Amy M. Thomas, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel Henry Charest , Burns Charest LLP, Daniel M. Cohen , Cuneo Gilbert & LaDuca LLP, David Wallace Stanley , Cuneo Gilbert & LaDuca LLP, Warren Tavares Burns , Burns Charest LLP & William Bennett Thompson , Burns Charest LLP.

Eric D. Chase & Robert E. Drury, III, Plaintiffs, represented by Benjamin Klein , pro hac vice & Stuart George Gross , Gross & Klein, LLP.

William R. Solinski, Plaintiff, represented by Marc Evan Lipton , Lipton Law, pro hac vice.

Matthew Cure, Plaintiff, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice, Matthew J. Preusch , Keller Rohrback, L.L.P., Ryan McDevitt , Keller Rohrback LLP & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Matthew Smith, Plaintiff, represented by Jayne Conroy , Simmons Hanly Conroy, LLC, pro hac vice, Mark R. Niemeyer , Niemeyer Grebel & Kruse LLC, Michael S. Kruse , Zelle LLP, Paul J. Hanly, Jr. , Simmons Hanly Conry LLC & Trent B. Miracle , Simmons Hanly Conroy.

Benjamin Hall & Victoria Genin, Plaintiffs, represented by William M. Audet , Audet & Partners, LLP.

Marc Stewart & James Uttecht, Plaintiffs, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, David S. Stellings , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice, Nicholas Diamand , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein LLP, Phong-Chau Gia Nguyen , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Daniel Sullivan, Plaintiff, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C., Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Rone Tempest, Plaintiff, represented by Jaye Quadrozzi , Young & Associates & Michael Paul Lehmann , Hausfeld LLP.

Allison C. Steele, Michael Fidler, Richard Pearlman & Amy Scoggins, Plaintiffs, represented by Alexandra T. Steele , Girardi Keese.

William Harlan, Plaintiff, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, pro hac vice, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Matthew J. Preusch , Keller Rohrback, L.L.P.

Joseph Bentz, Adam Demuth, Lance Kohn, Thomas Lyng, Matthew Mayerson, Esther Palmer, Gary Palmer, Mario Signore, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Robert Brown, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Nuno Da Luz, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, John Kauffman, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, John Dikun, III, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Jared Read, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Ashley Rice, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Elizabeth Narbonne, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Michael Kowalski, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Jerold Eggen, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Teresa Marquez, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Samuel Chewning, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Richard Bader, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Patricia Hadley, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Cole S. Odom, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Amy Gomez, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated & Marilyn Krichko, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel Alberstone , Baron Budd, P.C., David Brian Fernandes , Baron & Budd, P.C., Mark Philip Pifko , Baron & Budd, P.C., Pablo Orozco , Baron & Budd, PC & Roland K. Tellis , Baron Budd, P.C.

Kelley B. Lambert & Lucas C. Stanley, Plaintiffs, represented by Kevin Scott Hannon , The Hannon Law Firm, LLC.

Lisa Kay West, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew J. Hill , Blasingame Burch Garrard & Ashley PC, Henry G. Garrard, III , Blasingame Burch Garrard and Ashley, P.C., pro hac vice, James Matthews, III , Blasingame, Burch, Garrard and Ashley, PC, pro hac vice, Patrick Hammond Garrard , Blasingame, Burch, Garrard and Ashley, PC, pro hac vice & Thomas F. Hollingsworth, III , Blasiname Burch Garrard & Ashley PC.

Gregory Deangelo & Gregory Giauque, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel S. Robinson , Robinson Calcagnie Robinson Shapiro Davis Inc, Kevin Calcagnie , Robinison, Calcagnie & Robinson & Mark P. Robinson, Jr. , Robinson Calcagnie, Inc.

Carrie Laspina, Plaintiff, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, Christopher A. Seeger , Seeger Weiss LLP, pro hac vice, David R. Buchanan , Seeger Weiss LLP, David S. Stellings , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C., Jeffrey Scott Grand , Seeger Weiss LLP, pro hac vice, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Lindsey H. Taylor , Carella Byrne, pro hac vice, Moshe H. Horn , Seeger Weiss, Nicholas Diamand , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein LLP, Parvin K. Aminolroaya , Seeger Weiss LLP, Phong-Chau Gia Nguyen , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, Scott Alan George , Seeger Weiss LLP & Timothy G. Blood , Blood Hurst & O'Reardon, LLP.

Chris Decker, Plaintiff, represented by Steven Lance Marchbanks , Premier Legal Center A.P.C., Daniel Alberstone , Baron Budd, P.C., David Brian Fernandes , Baron & Budd, P.C., Mark Philip Pifko , Baron & Budd, P.C., Pablo Orozco , Baron & Budd, PC & Roland K. Tellis , Baron Budd, P.C.

Scott Weiland, Plaintiff, represented by John Fletcher Romano , Romano Law Group & Todd Aaron Romano , Romano Law Group, pro hac vice.

Benjamin Clinton, Plaintiff, represented by Donald Harlan Slavik , Slavik Law Firm, LLC, pro hac vice & William Andrew Walsh , Weitz and Luxenberg, pro hac vice.

Hannah Rose Schonwald, Plaintiff, represented by William Andrew Walsh , Weitz and Luxenberg, pro hac vice.

Amy Flynn, Tanya Goodrich & Brendan Schlenker Goodrich, Plaintiffs, represented by Brian J. Malloy , The Brandi Law Firm, Casey Aron Kaufman , The Brandi Law Firm, Jason B. Friedman , The Brandi Law Firm & Thomas J. Brandi , The Brandi Law Firm.

Gerald Netkin & Koudsi, Inc, Plaintiffs, represented by Adam Morris Rose , Law Office of Robert Starr, Robert L. Starr , Law Office of Robert L. Starr APC & Stephen M. Harris , Law Office of Stephen M. Harris APC.

Thomas Bassett, Diego Alberto Diaz, Fred M. Flores, Elvis Foster, Michael Fuerstein, Grant Garcia, Beth Glassman, Mary Jones, Thomas C. Jorgensen, Howard Katz, Robert Nesbitt, Carol Spindel, Edmund Steppan, Kristen Van de Biezenbos, Stephanie Waddoups, Jason Welch, Angelyn Wood, Timothy P. Yerkes, Joe Howbert, Terri Butterwei, Callum Dorey, Joshua R. Geller, Michelle Geller, Marcia Andru Moshe & Mireya Perez, Plaintiffs, represented by Marc M. Seltzer , Susman Godfrey LLP & Steven Gerald Sklaver , Susman Godfrey LLP.

Michael Brown, Gary Butterwei, Thomas Michael Carran, Kartik Pillutla, Ann Marie Stief, William Stief & Kathryn Sue Vordenberg, Plaintiffs, represented by Marc M. Seltzer , Susman Godfrey LLP.

Don Cunningham, Plaintiff, represented by Jason Bryant McGary , Strong Law Offices, Marc M. Seltzer , Susman Godfrey LLP & Steven Gerald Sklaver , Susman Godfrey LLP.

Rich Hillis & Rich Hill, indvidually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Marc M. Seltzer , Susman Godfrey LLP, Matthew Robert Berry , Susman Godfrey LLP, pro hac vice & Steven Gerald Sklaver , Susman Godfrey LLP.

Michael Macauley, Plaintiff, represented by Adrian R. Bacon , Law Offices of Todd M. Friedman, P.C., David Levi Weisberg , Kristensen Weisberg, LLP & Todd Michael Friedman , Law Offices of Todd M. Friedman, P.C.

Amy Cock, Lori Gottlieb, Sarah Greenwald, Michelle Manning, Daler Rakhmet-Zade & Iris Stricklin, Plaintiffs, represented by Benjamin Galdston , Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP, Blair Allen Nicholas , Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP, Brandon Marsh , Saxena White P.A., David Reuven Lev Kaplan , Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP, David Ronald Stickney , Bernstein, Litowitz, Berger & Grossmann, Lucas E. Gilmore , Hagens Beman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Rachel Ann Felong , Bernstein Litowitz Beger and Grossmann LLP & Timothy Alan DeLange , Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP.

Peter Armon, Regina Armon, Kristin Green, Madelyne McCabe, E. Scott Wetzel, Christopher Woods, Scott Bahr, Thomas Barger, Michael Bechauf, Victor Bonilla, Jennifer Bonilla, Vikram Chabbra, Scott Coleman, Gerald Gottschalk, Carol Hale Wilson, Sarah Howard, Robert Platner, Gary Rizzato, James Saul & Craig Temkin, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Matthew J. Preusch , Keller Rohrback, L.L.P.

Michael McCabe, Plaintiff, represented by William M. Audet , Audet & Partners, LLP, Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Matthew J. Preusch , Keller Rohrback, L.L.P.

Sherry Lucas & Chris Lucas, Plaintiffs, represented by Courtney L. Peinhardt , Davis & Norris LLP, D. Frank Davis , Davis & Norris, LLP, Dargan Maner Ware , Davis & Norris, LLP, John Edward Norris , Davis and Norris LLP, Kristan Bruce Rivers , Davis and Norris, LLP, pro hac vice & Wesley W. Barnett , Davis and Norris LLP, pro hac vice.

Melody C. Bennett, Patrick Comerford, Steven Hegerfeld, Don Juliano, Aaron W. Zeyer, Brent P. Zeyer, Jane N. Zeyer, Michael K. Bennett, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated & John Comerford, on behalf of themselves and all others similary situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew G. Deiss , Deiss Law, Brent A. Orozco , Deiss Law PC, Christopher B. Sullivan , Price Parkinson & Kerr PLLC, Diana Fay Bradley , Deiss Law PC, J. Ryan Mitchell , Mitchell Barlow and Mansfield, P.C. & Wesley D. Felix , Wes Felix Law, P.C.

Evin F. Catlett, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew G. Deiss , Deiss Law, Brent A. Orozco , Deiss Law PC, Christopher B. Sullivan , Price Parkinson & Kerr PLLC, Diana Fay Bradley , Deiss Law PC & Wesley D. Felix , Wes Felix Law, P.C.

Elaine Herman, Rebecca Kaplan, Warren Lau, Margaret McGuire & Keith Walker, Plaintiffs, represented by Andre Michel Mura , Gibbs Law Group LLP, Elizabeth Cheryl Pritzker , Pritzker Levine LLP, Eric H. Gibbs , Gibbs Law Group LLP, Jonathan Krasne Levine , Pritzker Levine, LLP, Scott M. Grzenczyk , Girard Sharp LLP, Shiho Yamamoto , Pritzker Levine LLP & Steven Augustine Lopez , Girard Gibbs LLP.

Jason Pejsa, Joel Silverman & Michael Austin, Plaintiffs, represented by Craig G. Kunkes , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield LLC, Daniel John Monahan , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield, LLC, James Matthew Brigman , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield, LLC, Lisa L. Heller , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield LLC & Richard Lance Robbins , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield, LLC, pro hac vice.

Matthew W. Smith, Bernadette Meyler, Martha Safra & Daniel McGarry, Plaintiffs, represented by Alison Elizabeth Cordova , Cotchett Pitre McCarthy, LLP, Frank Mario Pitre , Cotchett Pitre & McCarthy LLP, Joseph Winters Cotchett , Cotchett Pitre and McCarthy LLP, Nancy Leavitt Fineman , Cotchett Pitre and McCarthy LLP & Steven Noel Williams , Joseph Saveri Law Firm.

Snow Proudlove, Benjamin Luckett, Gerry Nemet & Donald Varley, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Andrew Nathan Goldfarb , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Blair Gerard Brown , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP & Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice.

David Greczylo, Red Bradley, Tim Winkel, Nicolas Swisher, Zak Dixon, Tom Olsen, Kathy Olsen, Clare Cooper & Joseph Robin, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP & Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice.

Charles Hall, Plaintiff, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice, Karin A. Kramer , Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP, Gregory Yann Porter , Bailey & Glasser LLP & Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP.

Benjamin Foote, Plaintiff, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Dean Noburu Kawamoto , Keller Rohrback LLP, Derek William Loeser , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Jeffrey Scolnick, Peter Tomassi & Andrew Lemen, Plaintiffs, represented by Adam J. Levitt , DiCello Levitt Gutzler LLC & Khaldoun A. Baghdadi , Walkup Melodia Kelly & Schoenberger, APC.

R. Scott Kelley, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew S. Friedman , Bonnett Fairbourn Friedman & Balint, P.C, pro hac vice, Eric David Zard , Carlson Lynch Sweet LLP, pro hac vice, Francis Joseph Balint, Jr. , Bonnett Fairbourn Friedman & Balint, PC, Manfred Patrick Muecke , Bonnett, Fairbourn, Friedman, & Balint, P.C. & Van Bunch , Bonnett, Fairbourn, Friedman & Balint, P.C.

Mark Slaughter, Plaintiff, represented by Michael Walter Stocker , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP.

Brian Willingham & Jeremy Empol, Plaintiffs, represented by Laurence D. King , Kaplan Fox & Kilsheimer LLP, Mario Man-Lung Choi , Kaplan Fox & Kilsheimer LLP & Matthew B. George , Kaplan Fox & Kilsheimer LLP.

Michael Katzenberger, Plaintiff, represented by Kurt Wihl , Keleher and McLeod, P.A., pro hac vice.

Dorothy Marie Maddox & Randall James Brown, Plaintiffs, represented by Kurt Wihl , Keleher and McLeod, P.A.

David Lee Deehl, Plaintiff, represented by Lewis Shelton Eidson, Jr. , Colson Hicks Eidson, pro hac vice.

Gregory Shalov & Amanda Heidel, Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew N. Friedman , Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC, pro hac vice, Douglas James McNamara , Cohen Milstein Sellers Toll PLLC, Geoffrey Aaron Graber , Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC & Steven Jeffrey Toll , Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC, pro hac vice.

Susan Shalit, Plaintiff, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, David S. Stellings , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, pro hac vice, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Nicholas Diamand , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein LLP & Phong-Chau Gia Nguyen , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Michael Lessard, Plaintiff, represented by K. Craig Wildfang , Attorney at Law, pro hac vice, Randall Tietjen , Robins Kaplan LLP, pro hac vice & Stacey Slaughter , Robins Kaplan LLP.

Abigail Nesbitt, Plaintiff, represented by Christopher William Madel , Robins Kaplan LLP, K. Craig Wildfang , Attorney at Law, pro hac vice, Kaitlyn J. Johnson , Randall Tietjen , Robins Kaplan LLP, pro hac vice & Stacey Slaughter , Robins Kaplan LLP.

Kathleen O'Leary, Plaintiff, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C., Kenneth Mark Seeger , Seeger Salvas LLP & Lindsey H. Taylor , Carella Byrne.

Charles J. Christiana & Jean Castagna, Plaintiffs, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C. & Lindsey H. Taylor , Carella Byrne.

Waldo Mesa & Michael Powell, Plaintiffs, represented by Robert Cecil Gilbert , Kopelowitz Ostrow Ferguson Weisleberg Gilbert.

Maria Bourn & Robert Izard, Plaintiffs, represented by Christopher L. Lebsock , Hausfeld LLP, James J. Pizzirusso , Hausfeld LLP, pro hac vice, Michael D. Hausfeld , Hausfeld LLP, pro hac vice & Michael Paul Lehmann , Hausfeld LLP.

Center for Auto Safety, Plaintiff, represented by Bernard Joseph DiMuro , DiMuro Ginsberg PC, Christopher L. Lebsock , Hausfeld LLP, James J. Pizzirusso , Hausfeld LLP, pro hac vice, Jaye Quadrozzi , Young & Associates, Michael D. Hausfeld , Hausfeld LLP, pro hac vice, Michael Paul Lehmann , Hausfeld LLP & Walter Dekalb Kelley, Jr. , Jones Day.

Quenton Chapman & Jackson Smith, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel Alberstone , Baron Budd, P.C. & David Brian Fernandes , Baron & Budd, P.C.

Abdurrahman Allawalla & Josephine Blake, Plaintiffs, represented by Carey A. James , Aiman-Smith and Marcy, Hallie Von Rock , Aiman-Smith & Marcy, Randall Bruce Aiman-Smith , Aiman-Smith & Marcy & Reed W.L. Marcy , Aiman-Smith & Marcy.

George Farquar & Kevin Lindsay, Plaintiffs, represented by Jennie Lee Anderson , Andrus Anderson LLP, Leland Humphrey Belew , Andrus Anderson LLP & Lori Erin Andrus , Andrus Anderson LLP.

Neal Swartz, Plaintiff, represented by Miranda Kolbe , Schubert Jonckheer & Kolbe LLP, Robert C. Schubert , Schubert Jonckheer & Kolbe LLP & Willem F. Jonckheer , Schubert Jonckheer & Kolbe LLP.

Brandon Bencomo & Andrew Ksenzulak, Plaintiffs, represented by Michael Robert Bracamontes , Bracamontes & Vlasak, P.C. & Ryan Joshua Vlasak , Bracamontes and Vlasak, P.C.

Justin Howard, Plaintiff, represented by Michael Robert Bracamontes , Bracamontes & Vlasak, P.C., Michael Alexander Schreiber , Bracamontes and Vlasak, P.C. & Ryan Joshua Vlasak , Bracamontes and Vlasak, P.C.

Charla Welch, Plaintiff, represented by Wayne Scott Kreger , Law Offices of Wayne Kreger.

John Balmes, Judith Bosl, William Bosl, Sarah Burt, Jason Butler, Josh Chisom, Rosalie Fedoruk, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Stephen Y. Fong, Rene Henery, Christiane Hipps, Maureen Katz, Jennifer Kline, Matthew Markovich, Connor McDonald, Laura Peck, Mark Rovner, Ruth Shapiro, Timothy Shaw, Gregory M. Sirota, Mangalpal Takhar & George Torgun, Plaintiffs, represented by Aron K. Liang , Minami Tamaki LLP, David Mendall McClain , Kazan McClain Satterley Greenwood APLC A Professional Corporation, Denise Abrams , Kazan McClain Satterly & Greenwood APLC, Henry Anthony Steinberg , Kazan McClain Satterley Greenwood APLC, Jack Wing Lee , Minami Tamaki LLP, Lisa P. Mak , Minami Tamaki LLP & Sean Tamura-Sato , Minami Tamaki LLP.

Justin Budare, Plaintiff, represented by Allan Steyer , Steyer Lowenthal Boodrookas Alvarez & Smith LLP, Christopher L. Lebsock , Hausfeld LLP, James J. Pizzirusso , Hausfeld LLP, pro hac vice, Jill Michelle Manning , Steyer Lowenthal Boodrookas Alvarez & Smith LLP & Michael D. Hausfeld , Hausfeld LLP, pro hac vice.

Christina Capone, Albert Khedr, Doris Lee & Barry Wong, Plaintiffs, represented by Tim Maloney , Law Office of Maloney and Campolo, pro hac vice.

Joshua M. Ets-Hokin, Plaintiff, represented by Jeffrey B. Cereghino , Cereghino Law Group & Michael Francis Ram , Robins Kaplan LLP.

Romeo Alba & Helen Kosik-Westly, Plaintiffs, represented by Alyssa T. Dang , Finkelstein Thompson LLP, Gordon M. Fauth, Jr. , Litigation Law Group, Quentin Alexandre Roberts , Levi & Korsinsky LLP, Rosanne L. Mah , Levi & Korsinsky, LLP & Rosemary M. Rivas , Levi & Korsinsky LLP.

Michael Kang, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated, Jessica Skye, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated & Geoffrey Veith, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Andre Michel Mura , Gibbs Law Group LLP, Elizabeth Cheryl Pritzker , Pritzker Levine LLP, Eric H. Gibbs , Gibbs Law Group LLP, Heather T. Rankie , Zelle LLP, Jonathan Krasne Levine , Pritzker Levine, LLP, Judith A. Zahid , Zelle LLP, Michael S. Christian , Zelle LLP, Scott M. Grzenczyk , Girard Sharp LLP, Shiho Yamamoto , Pritzker Levine LLP & Steven Augustine Lopez , Girard Gibbs LLP.

Michael Johnson, Sr., Plaintiff, represented by Joseph H. Meltzer , Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP, pro hac vice.

Christopher C. Claypool, Josue Roberto Monge, Emily Coates Monge, David Roy Mandel, Beatrice Francine Mandel, Zachary M. Stolz, Edwin Bruce Strayhorn, Megan Strayhorn, Karen Fiorelli, Wendy Brankzburg, Marilyn Loflin Delafield, Neil Stanley Kirven & Michael Charles Krimmelbein, Plaintiffs, represented by Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice.

Steven C. Mendoza & Martin Schmidt, Plaintiffs, represented by Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice & CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL PLACITELLA , COHEN, PLACITELLA & ROTH, PC.

Bill Yousey, Plaintiff, represented by Everett Kent Hirsch , Hirsch Law Firm, P.A., pro hac vice & Marshall Dale Evans , The Evans Law Firm, pro hac vice.

A Plus Auto LLC, Plaintiff, represented by Jacob Lawrence Boehner , Greenspoon Marder LLP, Archibald Irwin Grubb, II , Beasley Allen, pro hac vice, Bryan L. Bleichner , Chestnut Cambronne PA, H. Clay Barnett, III , Beasley, Allen, Crow, Methvin, Portis and Miles, P.C. & Wilson Daniel Miles, III , Beasley, Allen, Crow, Methvin, Portis & Miles, P.C.

Benjamin Mathis & James J. Kennedy, Plaintiffs, represented by Joseph R. Saveri , Joseph Saveri Law Firm, Inc., Kyla Jenny Gibboney , Joseph Saveri Law Firm, Inc. & Ryan James McEwan , Joseph Saveri Law Firm, Inc.

Tiffany Nelson, Plaintiff, represented by Joseph R. Saveri , Joseph Saveri Law Firm, Inc. & Ryan James McEwan , Joseph Saveri Law Firm, Inc.

Guadalupe Gonzalez & Polly Fields, individually, and on behalf of all others similarly, Plaintiffs, represented by Cadio R. Zirpoli , Saveri & Saveri, Inc., Guido Saveri , Saveri & Saveri, Inc. & Richard Alexander Saveri , Saveri & Saveri, Inc.

Molly K. Warner & Scott Weiss, Plaintiffs, represented by Damien J. Marshall , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, David Boies , Boies Schiller and Flexner, pro hac vice, David Laurence Zifkin , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, Edward H. Takashima , Boies Schiller and Flexner LLP, Scott E. Gant , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, pro hac vice & Stephen Neal Zack , Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, pro hac vice.

Richard Amend, Susan Amend, Janeen Bittmann, Mark Hauschild, Carissa Beaulieu, John Chaplin, George Craig, Danny Rakow, Theresa Rakow, Robert Creighton, Daniel Sloan, Sarah Matthews, Alan Bourgoin, Margie Shaw, Yvette Pagano, Jennifer Long, James Matthews, Robert Del Giorno, Jeffrey Foote, Christopher Donmoyer & Jason Riehl, Plaintiffs, represented by Christopher Barton Dalbey , Weitz & Luxenberg, P.C., Donald Harlan Slavik , Slavik Law Firm, LLC, pro hac vice, Robin L. Greenwald , Weitz & Luxenberg, P.C., pro hac vice & William Andrew Walsh , Weitz and Luxenberg.

C. Charles Cantor & Weber, Inc., Plaintiffs, represented by Jason Scott Leiker , Levy Craig Law Firm & Shane C. Mecham , Levy Craig Law Firm, PC.

James Jackson Hutton, Scott D. Anderson & Nick Hutchings, Plaintiffs, represented by Brian John Wanca , Anderson & Wanca & Jeffrey Alan Berman , Anderson Wanca, pro hac vice.

John Holton & Caleb Miller, Plaintiffs, represented by Austin H. Easley , Easley & Houseal, P.A., B. Michael Easley , Easley & Houseal, P.A., John Irving Houseal, III , Easley & Houseal, P.A. & Timothy R. Holton , The Holton Law Firm, PLLC, pro hac vice.

Janet Berry, Plaintiff, represented by William A. Kershaw , Kershaw Cook & Talley PC.

Tammie Jo Smith, Plaintiff, represented by Marcus W. Viles , Viles & Beckman, LLC, Maria R. Alaimo , Viles and Beckman, LLC & Michael Lewis Beckman , Viles & Beckman, LLC.

Blair Bonds, Plaintiff, represented by Lisa L. Heller , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield LLC & Richard Lance Robbins , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield, LLC, pro hac vice.

Becky Hensgens, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew Mitchell Hendrick , Shuttleworth Ruloff Swain Haddad and Morecock PC, Arthur Mahony Murray , Murray Law Firm, Jessica Wittmer Hayes , Murray Law Firm, Robin Myers , Murray Law Firm, Stephen Murray, Sr. , Murray Law Firm, pro hac vice & Stephen Barnett Murray, Jr. , Murray Law Firm.

Kenneth Davis, Plaintiff, represented by Richard Paul Rouco , Quinn, Connor, Weaver, Davies & Rouco.

Valerie Wallace, Kenneth G. Davis & Crystal Wood, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by George N. Davies , Quinn Connor Weaver Davies & Rouco LLP & Richard Paul Rouco , Quinn, Connor, Weaver, Davies & Rouco.

Robert Cook, Plaintiff, represented by Jerry K. Cimmet , Jerry K. Cimmet, Attorney at Law & John M. Kelson , Law Office of John M. Kelson.

Dennis Shipley, Plaintiff, represented by Allison Elizabeth Ann Koile , Sanford Law Firm, Joshua Sanford , Sanford Law Firm, pro hac vice & Maryna O. Jackson , Attorney at Law.

Cynthia Johnson, Plaintiff, represented by Allison Elizabeth Ann Koile , Sanford Law Firm, Joshua Sanford , Sanford Law Firm, pro hac vice, Maryna O. Jackson , Attorney at Law & Joshua Sanford , Sanford Law Firm.

Neal Schwartz, Plaintiff, represented by Miranda Kolbe , Schubert Jonckheer & Kolbe LLP.

Amy Johnson, Plaintiff, represented by Charles Clinton Hunter , Hayes Hunter, PC, Debra Brewer Hayes , The Hayes Law Firm, pro hac vice & Scott Purington Nealey , Nealey Law.

Kerry N. Shirley, Claiton Garcia & Isabella Garcia, Plaintiffs, represented by Dennis A. Mastando , Mastando & Artrip LLC & Eric James Artrip , Mastando Artrip LLC, pro hac vice.

James Mansour, Plaintiff, represented by Michael Andrew London , Douglas & London, P.C. & Virginia E. Anello , Douglas and London PC, pro hac vice.

Eagle Auto Mall Corp., Plaintiff, represented by Allen Press , Jacobson Press and Fields P.C., Joe Jacobson , Jacobson Press and Fields, P.C., pro hac vice, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Trevor Jamieson, Tracy Lucht & Paul Soucy, Plaintiffs, represented by Richard Michael Hagstrom , Hellmuth & Johnson, PLLC & Roxanne Barton Conlin , Roxanne Conlin and Associates.

Andrew S. Johnson, Plaintiff, pro se.

Rex W. Gibson, Plaintiff, represented by David G. Wirtes, Jr. , Cunningham, Bounds, et al, Gregory B. Breedlove , Cunningham, Bounds, et al, Steven Leon Nicholas , Cunningham Bounds, LLC, pro hac vice & William Earl Bonner , CUNNINGHAM BOUNDS LLC.

Christine Yordy, Robert Adonizio & Sara Adonizio, Plaintiffs, represented by David Samuel Senoff , First Law Strategy Group, LLC, Michael J. Cefalo , Cefalo & Associates, Paola Pearson , One Logan Square & Sol H. Weiss , Anapol Schwartz Weiss Cohan Feldman & Smalley P.C.

Jason M. Erickson, Plaintiff, represented by Colin William McClain , Humphrey Farrington and McClain PC, pro hac vice, Kenneth Blair McClain , Humphrey, Farrington and McClain, Kevin Daniel Stanley , Humphrey Farrington and McClain PC, L. Benjamin Mook , Davis George Mook LLC & Lauren Elise McClain , Humphrey Farrington and McClain PC, pro hac vice.

Gary I. Barnes, Jeanne A. Barnes, Richard Clyman & Warden Linda Sanders, Plaintiffs, represented by Bryan Frederick Aylstock , Aylstock, Witki, Kreis and Overhotlz, pro hac vice, Ephraim Samuel Geisler , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis and Overhotlz, pro hac vice, Nathan Charles Bess , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis and Overhotlz, pro hac vice, Neil Duane Overholtz , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis & Overholtz, PLLC, pro hac vice, Sin-Ting Mary Liu , Aylstock Witkin Kreis & Overholtz, PLLC & Stephen Herre Echsner , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis & Overholtz, PLLC, pro hac vice.

Jeffrey E. Gastman, Plaintiff, represented by Ben Barnow , Barnow and Associates, P.C., Cyrus C. Dashtaki , DASHTAKI LAW FIRM. LLC, pro hac vice & James David Brusslan , Levenfeld Pearlstein, pro hac vice.

Angela Knisley & Benjamin M. Sharpless, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel C. Levin , Levin Fishbein Sedran & Berman, pro hac vice & R. Christopher Gilreath , Gilreath & Associates.

Michael Cua, G.T. Leasing, Inc., Helen Hicks, Wilbur Hicks, Geoffrey S. Tracey, Linda Lefkowitz, Lewis Farber, Janusz Minkina & Gregory H. Skidmore, Plaintiffs, represented by Alexander H. Schmidt, Esq. , Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP & Rachele R. Byrd , Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP.

Rebecca Connors, Michael Di Mauro, Donna Simons & Duane Simons, Plaintiffs, represented by David R. Paoli , Paoli Law Firm, Paul M. Leisher , PAOLI LAW FIRM, P.C. & William A. Rossbach , Rossbach Hart, PC.

Sandra Di Mauro, Plaintiff, represented by David R. Paoli , Paoli Law Firm, Paul M. Leisher , PAOLI LAW FIRM, P.C., William A. Rossbach , Rossbach Hart, PC & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Jason M. Gorel, Plaintiff, represented by J. Christopher Munley , Munley, Munley & Cartwright, P.C., JENNIFER Dee JUAREZ , Lynch Hopper Smith, LLP & Jeffrey W. Nepa .

John Dekle, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew Michael Bonderud , The Bonderud Law Firm, PA, Bruce Edward Newman , Brown, Paindiris, and Scott, LLP & Cody Nolan Guarnieri , Brown, Paindiris and Scott, pro hac vice.

Barry Helms, Plaintiff, represented by David G. Wirtes, Jr. , Cunningham, Bounds, et al, Gregory B. Breedlove , Cunningham, Bounds, et al, Steven Leon Nicholas , Cunningham Bounds, LLC & William Earl Bonner , CUNNINGHAM BOUNDS LLC.

Howard Caro, individually and on behalf of himself and all others simiarly situated & John T. Coates, Plaintiffs, represented by Aidan Chowning Poppler , Berman Tabacco, Mark Delaney , Berman DeValerio & Nathaniel L. Orenstein , Berman DeValerio.

John F. Aprea & Nicole Kennedy, Plaintiffs, represented by Matthew Scott Mokwa , The Maher Law Firm, PA, pro hac vice & Steven Robert Maher , Maher Law Firm, P.A.

Jontyl C. Brown, Plaintiff, represented by Eric Lennart Jensen , Graham & Jensen, LLP, Jason Wayne Graham , Graham and Jensen, LLP, pro hac vice, Mary Ellen Meyer , Graham & Jensen, LLP, Thomas V. Girardi , Girardi & Keese & Zachary Lewis , Graham & Jensen, LLP.

Saturn Southwest Florida LLC, Plaintiff, represented by Anthony James Dimora , Rhodes Tucker Phoenix Chartered, Charles PT Phoenix , Rhodes Tucker Phoenix Chartered, pro hac vice, Eric L. Jensen , Graham & Penman, LLP, pro hac vice, Jason T. File , Rhodes Tucker, Jason Wayne Graham , Graham and Jensen, LLP, pro hac vice, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Thomas V. Girardi , Girardi & Keese & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Adam Schwartz, Plaintiff, represented by JENNIFER Dee JUAREZ , Lynch Hopper Smith, LLP & Sergio Salzano , Lynch Hopper Salzano Smith, LLP, pro hac vice.

Duc Truong, Dorothy Fajerman, Eric Kelly & Camille Zenobia, Plaintiffs, represented by Allan Kanner , Kanner and Whiteley LLC & John E. Keefe, Jr. , KEEFE LAW FIRM.

Jerry L. Lawhon, Plaintiff, represented by Benjamin L. Bailey , BAILEY AND GLASSER, LLP, Jonathan David Boggs , BAILEY AND GLASSER, LLP & Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP.

Lesley Eschinger, Plaintiff, represented by William F. Askinazi , Law Offices of William F. Askinazi.

MSI Auto Sales and Repair, Inc. & A to Z. Autosports, LLC, Plaintiffs, represented by Eric J. Haag , Atterbury Kammer Haag S.C., pro hac vice, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Cassie Walther & Nobuhiro Hayashi, individually, and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Hunter J. Shkolnik , Napoli Shkolnik PLLC.

Greg Siewert, Plaintiff, represented by N. Albert Bacharach, Jr. , N. Albert Bacharach, Jr. P.A. & Paul S. Rothstein .

Scott Siewert, Plaintiff, represented by Paul S. Rothstein & Paul S. Rothstein , pro hac vice.

Jeremy Kirkwood, Plaintiff, represented by Charles P. Yezbak, III , Yezbak Law Offices, David W. Garrison , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, pro hac vice & Jerry E. Martin , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, pro hac vice.

Valerie McLean, Plaintiff, represented by Roger W. Orlando , The Orlando Firm, P.C., pro hac vice.

Aaron Fries, Plaintiff, represented by Gregory John Pals , The Driscoll Firm, PC & John J. Driscoll , The Driscoll Firm, P.C.

Patrick Griebel, Damon Sean Toal-Rossi, David Jaye Tsosie, Cheryl Ann Valdez & Kenneth James Valdez, Plaintiffs, represented by George B. Davis , The Davis Law Firm, LLC & Sean M. Lyons , Hendler Law, P.C.

Earl Scott Wright, Plaintiff, represented by Brian John Wanca , Anderson & Wanca, David Max Oppenheim , Bock, Hatch, Lewis & Oppenheim, LLC, Jeffrey Alan Berman , Anderson Wanca, pro hac vice, Ross Michael Good , Anderson Wanca & Ryan Michael Kelly , Anderson & Wanca.

Amie L. Parsons, Plaintiff, represented by C. Vernon Hartline, Jr. , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP, Charles W. Branham, III , Dean Omar & Branham, LLP, John C. Dacus , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP & William B. Federman , Federman & Sherwood, pro hac vice.

Michael J. Peterson, Plaintiff, represented by Anthony James Dimora , Rhodes Tucker Phoenix Chartered, Charles PT Phoenix , Rhodes Tucker Phoenix Chartered, pro hac vice, Jason T. File , Rhodes Tucker & Thomas V. Girardi , Girardi & Keese.

Brian Epperson, Plaintiff, represented by Timothy R. Holton , The Holton Law Firm, PLLC.

Patricia Epperson, Plaintiff, represented by Timothy R. Holton , The Holton Law Firm, PLLC, pro hac vice.

Paul J. Goodwin & Matthew Stoops, Plaintiffs, represented by George T. Campbell, III , Backus, Meyer & Branch, LLP & JENNIFER Dee JUAREZ , Lynch Hopper Smith, LLP.

Anita Hall, Plaintiff, represented by Craig Richard Heidemann , Douglas, Haun and Heidemann, P.C., Jennifer N. Fields , Douglas, Haun & Heidemann & Nathan Arvel Duncan , Douglas, Haun and Heidemann, P.C.

Waylon Herron, Jeff Machi, Jeremiah Lee Mehrhoff & Katherine Lacey Mehrhoff, Plaintiffs, represented by Jennifer N. Fields , Douglas, Haun & Heidemann & Nathan Arvel Duncan , Douglas, Haun and Heidemann, P.C.

Michael Antis, Alex Arceneaux, Joseph Avena, Alexander Baittinger, Andrew Bell, Steven Bolduc, Kyle Boylan, Michael Bozine, Jeffrey Brady, Alan Branting, Clifford Broussard, John Brown, Dennis Burden, Patrico Burillo, John Chapman, Samuel Clark, Coby Cohen, Jeremy Coser, Paul-Matthieu Coste, Russel Cronquist, Barry Cross, Cheryl Deworken, Jaime Dreikosen, Tim Eldridge, Qiang Feng, Jerome Fohet, Nathan Forbes, Adam Frugoli, John Gauger, Josh Golden, Michael Guilbault, Chisepe Gwarada, Yoon Kyo Han, Peter Harper, Jess Hill, Jeremiah Holden, Justin Holloway, Robert Hooker, Jonathan Huggett, Ryan Hurst, Kevin Jentes, Susan Keohan, Kelly King, Steven Kolpan, Kotab Holdings LLC, William Mackey, Deborah Markward, Andrew Masters, Victoria McClelland, Ralph Mendenhall, Erik Mikkelsen, Spencer Moore, Karen Norman, Matthew Olovson, Carlos Ortiz, Christina Paolicchi, Brenda Penney, G. Keating Pepper, Boualivanh Phanhphongsane, Alexander Polillo, Troy Ponto, Paul Puryear, David Pyle, Chad Ramos, Hildegard Reiser, M.D., Hanaa Rifaey, Robert Rifkin, Tracey Rosen, Arthur Scharein, Todd Schwarz, Malia Sias, Edward Simmons, Matthew Snyder, Douglas Stewart, Nathan Stricker, Morton Kent Taylor, Scott Taylor, Gary Van Guilder, Andrew Walker, Devan Wang, Constance Wolfson, Penghui Xue & Roman Zvyagelsky, Plaintiffs, represented by Karin A. Kramer , Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP.

Alex Barkaloff, Plaintiff, represented by John B. Quinn , Quinn Emanuel et al, Karin A. Kramer , Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP, Shon Morgan , Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP & Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Michelle Gramling & Heather Greenfield, Plaintiffs, represented by Karin A. Kramer , Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Sun Mi Jung & Yaewon Lim, Plaintiffs, represented by Jong Sun Ha , Barun Law LLP, Rieu Kim , Barun Law LLC & Thomas Charles Villalon , Barun Law LLC.

Brian Mills, Plaintiff, represented by John B. Quinn , Quinn Emanuel et al, Shon Morgan , Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Edmond L. Lally, Plaintiff, represented by Charles A. Buford , Johnson, Pope, Bokor, Ruppel & Burns, LLP, Darryl R. Richards , Johnson, Pope, Bokor, Ruppel and Burns, LLP, Guy M. Burns , Johnson Pope Bokor Ruppel & Burns, LLP, Jonathan S. Coleman , Johnson Pope Bokor Ruppel & Burns, LLP & Michael Joseph Brickman , Richardson, Patrick, Westbrook & Brickman, LLC, pro hac vice.

Carol B. Robinson, Plaintiff, represented by Charles A. Buford , Johnson, Pope, Bokor, Ruppel & Burns, LLP, Darryl R. Richards , Johnson, Pope, Bokor, Ruppel and Burns, LLP, Guy M. Burns , Johnson Pope Bokor Ruppel & Burns, LLP & Jonathan S. Coleman , Johnson Pope Bokor Ruppel & Burns, LLP.

Margaret Baldwin, Randy Kruger, Chuck Lacy, Amanda McKay & Robert Turnau, Plaintiffs, represented by Marc B. Heath , Downs Rachlin Martin PLLC & Tristram J. Coffin , Downs Rachlin Martin PLLC, pro hac vice.

Richard E. Lanham & Anna M. Painter, Plaintiffs, represented by Benjamin L. Bailey , BAILEY AND GLASSER, LLP, Eric B. Snyder , Bailey & Glasser LLP, Jonathan David Boggs , BAILEY AND GLASSER, LLP, Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP & Robert P. Lorea , BAILEY & GLASSER.

Mr. William Wise, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by Stephen M. Gensemer , Ashcraft and Gerel LLP.

Sarah Bowlin, Plaintiff, represented by Eric David Zard , Carlson Lynch Sweet LLP, pro hac vice & Francis Joseph Balint, Jr. , Bonnett Fairbourn Friedman & Balint, PC.

Jimmie C. Lamproe, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by Ben Barnow , Barnow and Associates, P.C., James David Brusslan , Levenfeld Pearlstein, pro hac vice & Phillip J. Milligan , Milligan Law Offices, pro hac vice.

Gavin Cornell, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated & Mildred Kaylor, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Patrick J. Bernal, Esq. , Witten, Woolmington, Campbell and Bernal, P.C.

Nicole M. Barnard, individually and on behalf of A. class of similarly situated individuals, Plaintiff, represented by Emily Claire Malarkey , Salsbury Clements Bekman Marder and Adkins LLC, Gregory Gene Hopper , Salsbury Clements Bekman Marder and Adkins LLC & Ryan S. Perlin , Salsbury Clements Bekman Marder & Adkins, L.L.C.

Shaun Brandewie & Anthony Lucas, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel J. Myers , Myers Law, Peter Weinberger , Spangenberg Shibley and Liber, pro hac vice & William B. Eadie , Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP.

Jeanine Butler, Plaintiff, represented by Edward Kyle McNew , MichieHamlett, John Gregory Webb , MichieHamlett PLLC & Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice.

China Terrell, Plaintiff, represented by Leonard Anthony Bennett , Consumer Litigation Associates, P.C. & Matthew J. Erausquin , Consumer Litigation Associates, P.C.

Patrick Cutler, John Impeduglia, Laura McNeil, Amy Nelson, Alison Russo & Arthur Thexton, Plaintiffs, represented by Michael Walter Stocker , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP & Susan Rebbeca Podolsky , The Law Offices of Susan R. Podolsky.

Steven Weise, Plaintiff, represented by Jeffrey Todd Embry , Hossley Embry LLP, Michael Walter Stocker , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP, Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Mark D. O'Connor , O'Connor & Mikhov LLP & Susan Rebbeca Podolsky , The Law Offices of Susan R. Podolsky.

Rory Katharine Cox, Ms. Marianne Hartshorne, Mr. Gregory Hildebrand & Federico Behncke, Plaintiffs, represented by Jonathan Goldstein , Hellring Lindeman Goldstein and Siegal LLP, Matthew E. Moloshok , Hellring Lindeman Goldstein and Siegal LLP & Stephen Lawrence Dreyfuss , Hellring Lindeman Goldstein Siegal LLP.

Robert Halper, Plaintiff, represented by Dan Drachler , Zwerling, Schachter & Zwerling, LLP & James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C.

James Channell, Gregory Glass, Kevin Jones, Kerri Ann Sanphy, Lynn Marie Schiermeyer & Chad Webb, Plaintiffs, represented by Christopher Eric Love , PFAU COCHRAN VERTETIS AMALA PLLC, pro hac vice, Darrell L. Cochran , PFAU COCHRAN VERTETIS AMALA PLLC, pro hac vice, Debra Brewer Hayes , The Hayes Law Firm & Scott Purington Nealey , Nealey Law, pro hac vice.

ERIC A. WENGER, Plaintiff, represented by Benjamin L. Bailey , BAILEY AND GLASSER, LLP, Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP & Michael L. Murphy , Bailey and Glasser, LLP.

Barbara J. Leidigh, Robert E. Leidigh, Rachel K. Mandelberg, Taylor Neff, John Novikoff, David Poston, Linda L. Poston & Rosamaria Tanghetti, Plaintiffs, represented by John Michael Poswall , Poswall, White and Brelsford, Joseph Anthony Androvich , Poswall White Brelsford, Raymond Parker White , Poswall, White and Brelsford & William Larry Brelsford , Brelsford Androvich & White.

April Sims, Breck Lebegue & Matthew Slichko, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Clinton Hunter , Hayes Hunter, PC, Darrell L. Cochran , PFAU COCHRAN VERTETIS AMALA PLLC, Debra Brewer Hayes , The Hayes Law Firm, pro hac vice, Scott Purington Nealey , Nealey Law, pro hac vice, Scott Purington Nealey , Nealey Law & Stephen Michael Hansen , Law Offices of Stephen M. Hansen, P.S., pro hac vice.

Amy E. Johnson, Plaintiff, represented by Darrell L. Cochran , PFAU COCHRAN VERTETIS AMALA PLLC, Debra Brewer Hayes , The Hayes Law Firm, Scott Purington Nealey , Nealey Law, pro hac vice, Scott Purington Nealey , Nealey Law & Stephen Michael Hansen , Law Offices of Stephen M. Hansen, P.S., pro hac vice.

Larry Hopkins, Plaintiff, represented by Kathleen Styles Rogers , Kralowec Law, P.C. & Kimberly Ann Kralowec , Kralowec Law, P.C.

Peter Warren, Plaintiff, represented by Steven Jeffrey Toll , Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC.

James Vasilas, Ruth Ann Knowles, Gerardo Gomez, Karen Henderson, Ryan Inkel, Amber Mace, Cheryl Newby, John C. Villegas, Jenna Aceves, Juan Alas, Yevgeniy Babichev, Aide Bandal, Mario Bandal, Tara Barry, Dan Bleckinger, Lucinda Blinn, Lorraine Bossi, Robert Brigham, Christian Cease, Herbeth Castillo Cermano, Taihua Chen, William Childrey, Bumsoo Chon, Sandra Cuenca, Debra Daking, Jack Denney, Lisa Dewey, Robert Dill, Rosemary Durant, Don Featherstone, James Gerard, Michelle Glasser, Derrel Green, John Hardman, Elizabeth Hernandez, Audrey Hutchings, Robert Hutchings, Alex Iglesias, Andrew Jones, Samuel Jones, Deanna Kaiser, George Koochof, Josh Litchterman, Russell Livingston, Marlon Mariano, Gina-Marie Martinez, Julius Martinez, Sandra Mazza, Charles McAvoy, James McGlahsen, Mark McGuire, Denise Menk, Debra Miller, Gordon Moody, Kevin Moore, Anthony Ogundpipe, Delbert Oswald, Fernando Palma, Josette Pastrana, Robert Patch, Steve Pfarr, Mathew Arcoleo, Kathleen Fuller, Armando Garcia, Rene Rodriguez, Robert Rueff, William Schultz, Ernest Skiba, Adam Smith, Erik Smith, Kelsey Spann, Lucinda Speed, Harold Taberner, Chris Talavera, Joe Thomas, Zenis Walley, Toby Watkinson, Ken Tyler, Ralph Weida, Amanda Westover, Sarah White, Douglas Witmore, Tom Zelesky, Helen Zhu, David Poole, Jill Rankin, George Rentfro, Jesse Duron, Lisa Duron, Karl Enguerra, Marc Hobbs, Stanley Jervis, Patricia Kandel, Jonathan Nicholson, Lesly Shipman, Errol Stambler, Curt Stinson, Denard White, Anand Agrawal, Brandon Dubberly, Ralph Figueiredo, Don Handel, Joleen Hensley, Josef Kneppers, Athena Nelson, Stacey Roberts, Jason Scheiner, John Sordi, Joel Whitlock, Ben Wilkening, Clarence Crafton, Eddie Jones, Valerie Jones-Harvey, Oscar Lomeli, Paul Luginbuhl, Felicia Manier, Christine Patel, Peter Patel, Adam Torchia, Teresa Torchia, David Weber, Anson Wong, Caroline Bray, Joe Cloutier, Tracy Cloutier, Feri Dehestani, Indigo Dutton, Dorothy Gallonio, Gene Gallonio, Aaron Guilford, Thomas Hallal, Michael Jaeger, Solomon Mansoor, Kenneth West, Kuldeep Dhaliwal, Kalvin Duckett, Sammy Kairu, Patrick Mulcahy, Anna Nalbandyan, Kevin Rainbolt, Lisa Rainbolt, Oliver Roncal, William Royer, Craig Strickland, Tammy Wellendorf, Matthew Abate, Aaron Alan, Shon Chakon, Sophia Chung, Mary Hall, Jeff Hyman, Mark Lyon, Ben Mansouri, Neda Mohammadi, Tariq Rao, Paul Waymire, Brenda Weissman, Daniel Cuello, Marissa Dinucci, David Eade, David Juncker, Anatoly Krichevsky & Paul Wooller, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Jamie A. Greene, Plaintiff, represented by Nicholas A. DiCello , Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP, Peter H. Weinberger , Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP & Stuart E. Scott , Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP.

Donald P. Edwards, Jr, Plaintiff, represented by Jodi Westbrook Flowers , Motley Rice LLC, Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice & Kevin R. Dean , Motley Rice, LLC.

Rennae Ross, Nathan Cote, Bizia Greene & Clinton Huling, Plaintiffs, represented by Brian F. Egolf, Jr. , The Egolf Law Firm, LLC, Jamison Barkley , Egolf Ferlic & Day, LLC, John W. Day , Egolf Ferlic & Day LLC & Katherine M. Ferlic , Egolf, Ferlic & Day, LLC, pro hac vice.

Sarah Shuler, Plaintiff, represented by Brian F. Egolf, Jr. , The Egolf Law Firm, LLC, Jamison Barkley , Egolf Ferlic & Day, LLC, John W. Day , Egolf Ferlic & Day LLC, Katherine M. Ferlic , Egolf, Ferlic & Day, LLC & Katherine M. Ferlic , Egolf, Ferlic & Day, LLC, pro hac vice.

Frederic Press, Individually, and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Robert Olin Wilson , Wilson Law PLC.

Jeremy Swiger, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff, represented by Eric W. Henry , Piscitelli Law Firm & Frank Elio Piscitelli, Jr. , Piscitelli Law Firm, pro hac vice.

Jason Miller, Abdon Anthony Cruz, Joseph Daniel Toms Warren & David Joseph, Plaintiffs, represented by David Seabold Casey, Jr. , Casey Gerry Schenk Francavilla Blatt & Penfield LLP, Gayle M. Blatt , Casey Gerry Schenk Francavilla Blatt and Penfield LLP & Jeremy Keith Robinson , Casey Gerry Schenk Francavilla Blatt and Penfield.

Sean Kettley & Kelly Lee, Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew James Lautenbach , Starn O'Toole Marcus and Fisher, Judith Ann Pavey , Starn O'Toole Marcus and Fisher, pro hac vice, Patrick Kyle Smith , Lynch Hopper Salzano Smith, pro hac vice, Sharon V. Lovejoy , Starn O'Toole Marcus Fisher Litigation, pro hac vice & Terence J. O'Toole , Starn O'Toole Marcus & Fisher.

Jermaine Speed, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew James Lautenbach , Starn O'Toole Marcus and Fisher, Judith Ann Pavey , Starn O'Toole Marcus and Fisher, pro hac vice, Patrick Kyle Smith , Lynch Hopper Salzano Smith, pro hac vice & Sharon V. Lovejoy , Starn O'Toole Marcus Fisher Litigation, pro hac vice.

Sandra Speed, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew James Lautenbach , Starn O'Toole Marcus and Fisher, Judith Ann Pavey , Starn O'Toole Marcus and Fisher, pro hac vice, Patrick Kyle Smith , Lynch Hopper Salzano Smith, pro hac vice & Sharon V. Lovejoy , Starn O'Toole Marcus Fisher Litigation.

George Elder, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Alexandra T. Steele , Girardi Keese, Jordanna G. Thigpen , Johnson and Johnson LLP, Jordanna Gabrielle Thigpen , Cotchett Pitre & McCarthy LLP, Joseph Robert Finnerty , Girardi and Keese, Neville Lawrence Johnson , Johnson and Johnson LLP & Thomas V. Girardi , Girardi & Keese.

David Whitcomb, Plaintiff, represented by Damien J. Marshall , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, David Boies , Boies Schiller and Flexner, pro hac vice, James Wells Harrell , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, Scott E. Gant , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, pro hac vice & Stephen Neal Zack , Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, pro hac vice.

Joseph Covell, Plaintiff, pro se.

Yvet Cronin, Plaintiff, pro se.

Cherie Shoquist, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel M. Cohen , Cuneo Gilbert & LaDuca LLP, Jonathan W. Cuneo , Cuneo Gilbert & LaDuca, LLP & Robert K. Shelquist , Lockridge Grindal Nauen P.L.L.P.

Khamsin Page, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel M. Cohen , Cuneo Gilbert & LaDuca LLP, Jonathan W. Cuneo , Cuneo Gilbert & LaDuca, LLP, Rebecca Anne Peterson , Lockridge Grindal Nauen P.L.L.P. & Robert K. Shelquist , Lockridge Grindal Nauen P.L.L.P.

Daniel Kolomeets-Darovsky, Lioudmila Kolomeets & Boris Darovsky, Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew P. Bell , Locks Law Firm, Walter Dekalb Kelley, Jr. , Jones Day & William Wesley Coleman Harty , Patten Wornom Hatten Diamonstein LC.

Jennifer K. Green, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew P. Bell , Locks Law Firm, Henry D. Garnett, Jr. , Patten Wornom Hatten Diamonstein LC, pro hac vice, Hugh Bernard McCormick, III , Patten Wornom Hatten Diamonstein LC, pro hac vice, Walter Dekalb Kelley, Jr. , Jones Day & William Wesley Coleman Harty , Patten Wornom Hatten Diamonstein LC, pro hac vice.

Stephanie R. Heinatz & Rudolph B. Heinatz, III, Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew P. Bell , Locks Law Firm, Henry D. Garnett, Jr. , Patten Wornom Hatten Diamonstein LC, Hugh Bernard McCormick, III , Patten Wornom Hatten Diamonstein LC, Walter Dekalb Kelley, Jr. , Jones Day & William Wesley Coleman Harty , Patten Wornom Hatten Diamonstein LC.

Emily Downing-Moore, Thaddeus Moore, Zachary A. Blalack & Natalie B. Blalack, Plaintiffs, represented by Jennifer Lee Jonak , Jonak Law Group, P.C.

Rory Stewart, Plaintiff, represented by Ashleigh Elizabeth Aitken , Morrison & Foerster LLP, Darren OLeary Aitken , Aitken Aitken Cohn & Wylie A. Aitken , Aitken Aitken Cohn.

Kay K. Turner, Plaintiff, represented by Patrick J. Coughlin , Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP.

Gregg A. Klein, Plaintiff, represented by Allen Press , Jacobson Press and Fields P.C., pro hac vice, Joe D. Jacobson , Jacobson Press & Fields PC, Jonathan A. Michaels , MLG Automotive Law, APLC A Professional Law Corporation, Kathryn Jeanine Harvey , Wesierski & Zurek, LLP & Kianna C. Parviz , MLG Automotive Law, APLC.

Richard Evans & Bradley Gregory, Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew Nathan Goldfarb , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Blair Gerard Brown , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP & Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice.

Stephanie Nafus, Plaintiff, represented by Blair Gerard Brown , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP & Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP.

William Buklad, Plaintiff, represented by Linda Phyllis Nussbaum , Nussbaum Law Group, P.C.

Mark S. Kornfeld, Tamara Barton & Tracey D. Martinez, Plaintiffs, represented by Allan Steyer , Steyer Lowenthal Boodrookas Alvarez & Smith LLP, Donald Scott Macrae , Steyer Lowenthal Boodrookas Alvarez & Smith LLP, Jill Michelle Manning , Steyer Lowenthal Boodrookas Alvarez & Smith LLP & William David Pettersen , Pettersen & Bark.

Richard Witcher, Tammy Witcher & Donna Sluck, Plaintiffs, represented by Hassan Ali Zavareei , Tycko & Zavareei LLP, Jonathan K. Tycko , Tycko & Zavareei LLP & Robert Cecil Gilbert , Kopelowitz Ostrow Ferguson Weisleberg Gilbert.

Casey Joseph Glowacki, Rachel Anne Cassia-Glowacki, Burns Davison & Sarah Riney, Plaintiffs, represented by Arthur Camden Lewis , Lewis Babcock and Griffin, Badge Humphries , Lewis Babcock L.L.P., pro hac vice, Frederick J. Jekel , Jekel Doolittle, Paul J. Doolittle , Jekel Doolittle, Ryan Michael McNamara , Call & Jensen & Scott P. Shaw , Call, Jensen & Ferrell.

Ryan W. Roe & Lauren T. Nacke, Plaintiffs, represented by Mitchell B. Stoddard , CONSUMER LAW ADVOCATES.

Cash Yi, Plaintiff, represented by Howard K. Alperin , Blecher Collins Pepperman and Joye PC & Maxwell Michael Blecher , Blecher & Collins, P.C.

Kristen Marks, Plaintiff, represented by David M. Arbogast , Arbogast Law A. Professional Corpoation, Gregory H.D. Alumit , Howard Law PC & Vincent D. Howard , Howard Law, PC.

Jerel Rogers, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Damien J. Marshall , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, Darren J. Robbins , Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, David Boies , Boies Schiller and Flexner, pro hac vice, David W. Garrison , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, pro hac vice, Jerry E. Martin , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, pro hac vice, Jonathan D. Schiller , Boies, Schiller & Flexner, LLP, Joshua A. Frank , Barrett Johnston Martin & Garrison, LLC, Mark Dearman , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, pro hac vice, Paul J. Geller , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, Scott E. Gant , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, pro hac vice, Scott P. Tift , Barrett Johnston Martin & Garrison, LLC, Stephen Neal Zack , Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, pro hac vice, Stuart Andrew Davidson , Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP & Timothy L. Miles , Barrett Johnston Martin & Garrison, LLC.

Michael Dunham, Plaintiff, represented by John Michael Thetford , Levinson, Smith & Huffman, P.C. & Terence Patrick Brennan , Levinson, Smith and Huffman, P.C.

Marc Federman, Plaintiff, represented by Byron T. Ball , The Ball Law Firm, L.L.P.

Eve Turner & Raji Silva, Plaintiffs, represented by Reuben D. Nathan , Nathan & Associates, APC & Ross Christophe Cornell , Law Ofc Ross Cornell.

Christine R. Sensenig, Plaintiff, represented by Bryan Frederick Aylstock , Aylstock, Witki, Kreis and Overhotlz, pro hac vice, Douglass A. Kreis , Aylstock, Witkin & Sasser, PLC, Ephraim Samuel Geisler , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis and Overhotlz, pro hac vice, Justin Graem Witkin , Alystock Witkin Kreis & Sasser PLLC, Nathan Charles Bess , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis and Overhotlz, pro hac vice, Neil Duane Overholtz , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis & Overholtz, PLLC, pro hac vice, Sin-Ting Mary Liu , Aylstock Witkin Kreis & Overholtz, PLLC & Stephen Herre Echsner , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis & Overholtz, PLLC, pro hac vice.

Gary Arabian, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel Srourian , Srourian Law Firm, Heleni Eugenia Suydam , Attorney at Law, Kris Demirjian , Sands and Associates & Leonard S. Sands , Attorney at Law.

Michael C. Hoffman, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated & Michelle M. Kram, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Athanasios Basdekis , Bailey and Glasser LLP, Benjamin L. Bailey , BAILEY AND GLASSER, LLP & Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP.

Sean T. O'Brien, John Strause, Travis Boothe, H. Peter Fester, Grace Fritz, Marisa Garcia, Robert Henry, Thomas Mullen, John Rinehart, Steve Struck, Wendy Ligeti & Meaghan Webster, Plaintiffs, represented by Stephen Earl Baril , Kaplan Voekler Cunningham & Frank PLC.

Gregg Clifton, Plaintiff, represented by Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Dawn Dumont, Plaintiff, represented by Edward Kevin O'Brien , O'Brien Law Firm, PC, pro hac vice.

Zoran Baisch, Samuel R. Gates & Ruth Jelkmann, Plaintiffs, represented by Michael Walter Stocker , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP & Thomas David Haklar , Law Office of Thomas D. Haklar.

Ari Kalan, Plaintiff, represented by Behram Viraf Parekh , Kirtland & Packard LLP, Heather Marie Baker Dobbs , Kirtland and Packard LLP, Joshua Adam Fields , Kirtland and Packard LLP & Michael Louis Kelly , Kirtland & Packard LLP.

Robert Fonte, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew John Entwistle , Entwistle and Cappucci LLP.

Judy Arick, Marty Arick & Rev. Anne B. Bancroft, Plaintiffs, represented by Nathaniel L. Orenstein , Berman DeValerio & Norman Berman , Berman DeValerio Pease Tabacco Burt & Pucillo.

Neil Jonathan Maki, Plaintiff, represented by George B. Recile , One Galleria Blvd.

Mark McNabb, Plaintiff, represented by Lanny A. Breuer , Covington and Burling LLP, pro hac vice & Mark P. Gimbel , Covington and Burling LLP, pro hac vice.

The Cleveland Chiropractic College Foundation, Plaintiff, represented by Joshua Seth Devore , Dickenson Peatman & Fogarty.

Larry Buchan & Judy Buchan, Plaintiffs, represented by Adam Matthew Moskowitz , pro hac vice, Christopher Brendan Healy , BATHGATE WEGENER WOLF PC & Robert J. Neary , Kozyak Tropin Throckmorton LLP, pro hac vice.

Arthur Firman & Laura Firman, Plaintiffs, represented by Christopher Brendan Healy , BATHGATE WEGENER WOLF PC.

Kiyo Toma, Plaintiff, represented by Adam Matthew Moskowitz , pro hac vice & Christopher Brendan Healy , BATHGATE WEGENER WOLF PC.

Carolyn Corwin & Mark Corwin, Plaintiffs, represented by Scott H. Carr , Greene Broillet and Wheeler LLP.

Ericsson Broadbent, Plaintiff, represented by Allan Steyer , Steyer Lowenthal Boodrookas Alvarez & Smith LLP, Bernard Joseph DiMuro , DiMuro Ginsberg PC & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Jason Bonner, Plaintiff, represented by Steven Leon Nicholas , Cunningham Bounds, LLC & William Earl Bonner , CUNNINGHAM BOUNDS LLC.

Marc Gustafson, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Wahab Khan, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Peter Levitt, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Christina McMillen, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Jon McMillen, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Mark McMillen, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated & Ralph McMillen, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Plaintiffs, represented by David W. Mitchell , Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP, Paul J. Geller , Robbins Geller Rudman and Dowd LLP, Rachel L. Jensen , Robbins Gellar Rudman & Dowd LLP & Stuart Furman , Southern California Legal Center Inc.

Jeffrey P. Heppard, Plaintiff, represented by Carlo Scaramella , Law Offices of Carlo Scaramella, LLC.

Vikki Wulf & Madison Wulf Elbich, Plaintiffs, represented by Carl Frederick Muller , Carl F. Muller, Attorney at Law, P.A.

Barbara Travalio & Gregory Travalio, Plaintiffs, represented by Adam D. Hollander , Bernstein Litowitz Berger and Grossmann LLP, pro hac vice, James S. Notis , Gardy & Notis, LLP, pro hac vice & Kate Whitman Aufses , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP.

The George Leon Family Trust, Plaintiff, represented by Adam D. Hollander , Bernstein Litowitz Berger and Grossmann LLP, pro hac vice.

Benjamin Landau, Frederick Landell & Ryan M. Levy, Plaintiffs, represented by Donald L. Perelman , Fine Kaplan and Black, RPC, Gerard A. Dever , Fine Kaplan and Black, RPC, pro hac vice, J. Gerard Stranch, IV , Branstetter, Stranch & Jennings, PLLC, Joe P. Leniski, Jr. , Branstetter Stranch Jennings, PLLC, Paul Costa , Fine, Kaplan and Black & Roberta D. Liebenberg , Fine Kaplan and Black, RPC.

William Armstrong & Patrick Benad, Plaintiffs, represented by Bryan L. Clobes , Cafferty Clobes Meriwether & Sprengel LLP, pro hac vice.

Ed Hendricks & Jody Hendricks, Plaintiffs, represented by David Samuel Senoff , First Law Strategy Group, LLC & Sol H. Weiss , Anapol Schwartz Weiss Cohan Feldman & Smalley P.C.

Heidi Walas, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated & Kamil Walas, individually and on behalf of all class similarly situtated individuals, Plaintiffs, represented by Frank Mario Pitre , Cotchett Pitre & McCarthy LLP, Joanna W. LiCalsi , Cotchett Pitre & McCarthy LLP, Joseph Winters Cotchett , Cotchett Pitre and McCarthy LLP, Joseph Charles Wilson , Curiale Wilson LLP, Nancy Leavitt Fineman , Cotchett Pitre and McCarthy LLP & Robert B. Hutchinson , Cotchett Pitre & McCarthy LLP.

Victoria Clifford, Melinda Cooke, Angela Gamez, Elaine Marlene Green, Victor Navone & Laureen Lee Robinson, Plaintiffs, represented by Aron K. Liang , Minami Tamaki LLP, David M. McClain , Kazan Mcclain Satterley and Greenwood APC, Denise Abrams , Kazan McClain Satterly & Greenwood APLC, Henry Anthony Steinberg , Kazan McClain Satterley Greenwood APLC, Jack W. Lee , Minami Tamaki, LLP, Jack Wing Lee , Minami Tamaki LLP & Sean Tamura-Sato , Minami Tamaki LLP.

Julija Gelazis, Albert Kerelis, Brian Moench, Dylan Moench, Carly Studer, Donita Thompson, Charissa Warme & Paul Warme, Plaintiffs, represented by Ronald Wael Makarem , Makarem & Associates, APLC, Ivan Moe , Makarem & Associates, APLC, Jean-Paul Le Clercq , Makarem and Associates APLC & Randi L. Thompson , Makarem and Associates.

Carol Kim, Plaintiff, represented by Ronald Wael Makarem , Makarem & Associates, APLC, Jean-Paul Le Clercq , Makarem and Associates APLC & Randi L. Thompson , Makarem and Associates.

Paul O. Leary, Plaintiff, represented by Aron K. Liang , Minami Tamaki LLP, David M. McClain , Kazan Mcclain Satterley and Greenwood APC, Denise Abrams , Kazan McClain Satterly & Greenwood APLC, Henry Anthony Steinberg , Kazan McClain Satterley Greenwood APLC, Jack W. Lee , Minami Tamaki, LLP & Sean Tamura-Sato , Minami Tamaki LLP.

Chenggang Zhu, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Frank S. Carleo , Shin P. Yang Law Offices & Shin-Pen Yang , Ship P. Yang Law Offices.

Audrey Barrett, Plaintiff, represented by William B. Federman , Federman & Sherwood, pro hac vice.

R. Patrick Bixler & Haydn Schwedland, Plaintiffs, represented by Guy Michael Hohmann , Hohmann, Brophy and Shelton, PLLC, Jesse Zachary Weiss , Hohmann, Brophy and Shelton, PLLC, Ryan T. Shelton , Hohmann, Brophy & Shelton, PLLC & William B. Federman , Federman & Sherwood, pro hac vice.

Julie Chapla, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Cristian Mendoza, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated & Vincent Ray, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Plaintiffs, represented by Adam J. McNeile , Kemnitzer, Barron & Krieg, LLP, David S. Stellings , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, pro hac vice, Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Mark Andrew Chavez , Chavez & Gertler LLP, Phong-Chau Gia Nguyen , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP & Todd A. Walburg , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein LLP.

Young Kim, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Plaintiff, represented by David S. Stellings , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein, pro hac vice, Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Mark Andrew Chavez , Chavez & Gertler LLP, Phong-Chau Gia Nguyen , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP & Todd A. Walburg , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein LLP.

Bryce Zucker, Plaintiff, represented by Jayne Conroy , Simmons Hanly Conroy, LLC, pro hac vice, Paul J. Hanly, Jr. , Simmons Hanly Conry LLC & Sarah S. Burns , Simmons Hanly Conroy, pro hac vice.

Jorge Dell'Aquila, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Judith L. Camilleri , Donahoo and Associates, Richard E. Donahoo , Donahoo & Associates & Sarah Louise Kokonas , Donahoo and Associates.

Frank Mosca & Nita Singh, Plaintiffs, represented by Alan Carl Milstein , Sherman Silverstein Kohl Rose and Podolsky, P.A., pro hac vice.

Barry L. Stein, Plaintiff, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C. & Robert Samuel Kitchenoff , Weinstein Kitchenoff and Asher LLC.

Thomas Shaw, Plaintiff, represented by Robert B. Kleinman , The Kleinman Law Firm, PLLC.

Steven E. Brier, Plaintiff, represented by Kevin Peter Roddy , Wilentz Goldman & Spitzer, PA.

Hope Brilla, Antonio Arroyo, Christopher Auman, Angela Barry, Elmer Brinkman, Steven Chen, Teresa Delaney, Erick Fernandez, Brian Good, Stacy Good, Kathi Irwin, Mark Maddox, Holly Myers, Robert Penzler, Dulce Rodriguez, Karl Schickel, Tyrone Smith, Heather Sonnenberg, Jason Throckmorton, Rajnish Verman, Derris Powell, Mary Powell, William Stone, Loi Stoval, Michael Ghezzi, Stephen E. Drachler, Remy Rope, Christopher Springfield, Suzanne Gallic, Samantha E. Morgan, Brian McKenna, Jeff Husserl, Ariana Klinkov, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated, Gerald Gibbons, III, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Hugo Verez, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Matthew Sprague, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Donald Allen, Simon Beaven, James Bergmann, Dawn Boulware, Amy Clarke, Warren Coffin, Joseph Collesano, Chad Dial, Joan Dudley, Lori Edwards, Andrea Franz, John Gamble, Ryan Geier, Mark Gjonbalaj, Barry Glustoff, Wendy Goldner, Richard Grogan, Paul Harris, Mark Houle, Linda Hunt, Aaron Joy, Thomas Lasko, Heather Lemelle, Craig Lybarger, Tamara Lyman, Dorie Mallory, Kurt Mallory, Daphne Marcyan, John McLaughlin, Matthew Mikulsky, Luis Moreno, Steve Mortillaro, Kelly Mullingan-Mahoney, Charles Nicolosi, Daniel Ohlstein, William Preininger, Sharon Ransavage, David Rien, Charles Robbins, Catherine Roberts, Jonathan Rodgers, Ramon San Nicolas, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Jack Sandelman, Britney Schnathorst, Kyle Tisdel, Angela Wagner, Harry Walsh, Eric White, Marybeth Winkler, Brett Spiker, Gregory L. Adams, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Katia Manuel-Adams & JOSEPH KLUCHINSKY, Plaintiffs, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C.

Sarah Collins, Cynthia Hurrle, Charlotte Kessy, Mariah O'Brien, Charles Zehil & Laura Johnson, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel M. Cohen , Cuneo Gilbert & LaDuca LLP.

Deborah Brown & Ariel Simmons, Plaintiffs, represented by Allen Press , Jacobson Press and Fields P.C. & Joe Jacobson , Jacobson Press and Fields, P.C., pro hac vice.

Mike Holtshouser, John C. Lapicki, Linda Chickos, Matthew Ghio, David Mack, Brian Pine & Laurie Swartz, Plaintiffs, represented by Allen Press , Jacobson Press and Fields P.C., Joe Jacobson , Jacobson Press and Fields, P.C. & Joe D. Jacobson , Jacobson Press & Fields PC.

James Kauling & Charles Kertz, Plaintiffs, represented by Allen Press , Jacobson Press and Fields P.C. & Joe Jacobson , Jacobson Press and Fields, P.C.

Bryan Sechrist, Plaintiff, represented by Allen Press , Jacobson Press and Fields P.C., Joe Jacobson , Jacobson Press and Fields, P.C. & Joe D. Jacobson , Jacobson Press & Fields PC, pro hac vice.

Lynette Brady, Plaintiff, represented by David Michael Kopstein , Kopstein & Associates PC.

Caren Goldstein, Gertrude Punaro Thomas, Cristin Webster, Betsy Weitzman & Seth Allison, Plaintiffs, represented by Edward A. Diver , Langer Grogan & Diver PC, Howard I. Langer , Langer Grogan & Diver PC, John Elliott Sindoni , Boni, Zack & Snyder LLC, Joshua D. Snyder , Boni, Zack & Snyder LLC, Michael J. Boni , Boni, Zack & Snyder LLC & Peter E. Leckman , Langer Grogan & Diver.

Alexa Clark, Plaintiff, represented by Bryan L. Bleichner , Chestnut Cambronne PA, Francis J. Rondoni , Chestnut Cambronne, PA, H. Clay Barnett, III , Beasley, Allen, Crow, Methvin, Portis and Miles, P.C., pro hac vice, Jeffrey D. Bores , Chestnut & Cambronne & W. Daniel Miles, III , Beasley, Allen, Crow, Methvin, Portis & Miles, P.C.

Matthew Mulvahill, Plaintiff, represented by Bryan L. Bleichner , Chestnut Cambronne PA & Francis J. Rondoni , Chestnut Cambronne, PA.

Terry White, Plaintiff, represented by Bryan L. Bleichner , Chestnut Cambronne PA, Francis J. Rondoni , Chestnut Cambronne, PA & Jeffrey D. Bores , Chestnut & Cambronne.

Matthew. Smith, Plaintiff, represented by Mark R. Niemeyer , Niemeyer Grebel & Kruse LLC, Michael S. Kruse , Zelle LLP, Paul J. Hanly, Jr. , Simmons Hanly Conry LLC & Trent Miracle , Simmons Hanly Conroy.

Steven Owens, Alex Puetz, Steve Peterson & Hana Von Oiste, Plaintiffs, represented by Bruce Daniel Greenberg , Lite Depalma Greenberg LLC, Mayra Velez Tarantino , Lite DePalma Greenberg, LLC & Vincent J. Esades , Heins Mills & Olson, P.L.C., pro hac vice.

Jeremy Bowman, Dan Green, Angela Jolly, Robert Marcolini, Carl Robinson & Adam Spring, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Williams-Derry , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

David Doebler, Plaintiff, represented by John Gravante, III , Podhurst Orseck, P.A., pro hac vice & Peter Prieto , Podhurst Orseck, P.A., pro hac vice.

Helen Bullard, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by J. Gerard Stranch, IV , Branstetter, Stranch & Jennings, PLLC, James Gerard Stranch, IV , Branstetter Stranch & Jennings, pro hac vice, Jeffrey W. Golan , Barrack Rodos & Bacine, pro hac vice, Joe P. Leniski, Jr. , Branstetter Stranch Jennings, PLLC, John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine, pro hac vice & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine, pro hac vice.

David Latvick, Kevin Morris & Richard Taylor, Plaintiffs, represented by Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Drew Schembre, Plaintiff, represented by Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Anthony Conte, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew John Entwistle , Entwistle and Cappucci LLP & Eric Todd Kanefsky , Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP.

Dylan Hanson, Plaintiff, represented by Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP & James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C.

M.D. Ira A. Morris, Plaintiff, represented by Richard Forlani Neely , Neely and Callaghan.

Paul Krawitz, John Puglisi & Melissa Wittig, Plaintiffs, represented by David JOHN Stanoch , Golomb & Honik, P.C. & Richard Moss Golomb , Golomb Honik.

Daniel Goldman, Plaintiff, represented by Gary S. Graifman , Kantrowitz Goldhamer & Graifman, P.C., Howard Theodore Longman , Stull, Stull & Brody, pro hac vice & Patrice L. Bishop , Stull, Stull & Brody.

James K. Harris, Plaintiff, represented by Gary S. Graifman , Kantrowitz Goldhamer & Graifman, P.C. & Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart.

Barry Henry, Plaintiff, represented by Kenneth T. Fibich , Fibich Hampton & Leebron, LLP.

Dan Maldonado, Plaintiff, represented by Peter Andrew Miller , Miller DellaFera, PLC.

Bill O'Brien, Plaintiff, represented by Michael L. Baum , Baum Hedlund Aristei and Goldman, P.C., Robert Brent Wisner , Baum Hedlund Aristei Goldman, PC & Peter Andrew Miller , Miller DellaFera, PLC.

Kurt Phillips, Plaintiff, represented by Gary S. Graifman , Kantrowitz Goldhamer & Graifman, P.C.

Matthew Gee, Plaintiff, represented by Seth Levethal Cardeli , Janet Jenner and Suggs LLC, pro hac vice & Steven Jay German , German Rubenstein, LLP.

AARON WOLF, Plaintiff, represented by Bruce Daniel Greenberg , Lite Depalma Greenberg LLC & Jason Scott Hartley , Hartley LLP.

Debra J. Hunter & Nina Seigelstein, Plaintiffs, represented by Christopher J. McGinn , Law Office of Christopher J. McGinn & Matthew Scott Oorbeek , The Wolf Law Firm, LLC.

Charles M. Hart, Jeanette Talese & Daniel R. Volkema, Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew P. Bell , Locks Law Firm, Franklin P. Solomon , Solomon Law Firm, LLC, James A. Barry , Locks Law Firm & Michael A. Galpern , Locks Law Firm, LLC.

Andrew Kannapel, Thomas Ayala, Carla Berg, Brian Bialecki, Thomas Buchberger, Leslie Maclise-Kane, Cesar Olmos & Jason Hill, Plaintiffs, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C. & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Tyler Merz, Plaintiff, represented by Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Tana Lin , Keller Rohrback LLP.

Keith Adelsohn, Kenneth Calicchio, Lorryn Calicchio, Walter Chiles, Alan Greenberg, Elizabeth Handy, Jeffrey Hurt, Sally Johnston, Robert Lehman, Carmella Libolt, Nicole Pin Mazza, Trevar Mazza, Constance McIntosh, George Mohr, Roger Schofield, Salvatore Sellitto, Raymond Stocker & Jolene Stubbs, Plaintiffs, represented by Lane Lanier Vines , BERGER MONTAGUE PC, Peter S. Pearlman , Cohn Lifland Pearlman Herrmann and Knopf, LLP & Sherrie R. Savett , Berger Montague PC, pro hac vice.

Connor English, Plaintiff, represented by Sherrie R. Savett , Berger Montague PC, pro hac vice.

Walter Muroya, Plaintiff, represented by Alexander H. Schmidt, Esq. , Wolf Haldenstein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP.

Teresa Toler, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel O. Rose , Kreindler and Kreindler LLP & Noah H. Kushlefsky , Kreindler & Kreindler LLP.

Matthew Ray Lively, Plaintiff, represented by David R. Barney, Jr. , THOMPSON BARNEY, Kevin W. Thompson , THOMPSON BARNEY, Mark F. Underwood , UNDERWOOD & PROCTOR LAW OFFICES & P. Rodney Jackson , LAW OFFICE OF P. RODNEY JACKSON.

William Moyer, Plaintiff, represented by A. Bates Butler, III , Law Offices of A. Bates Butler III LLC & William B. Federman , Federman & Sherwood, pro hac vice.

Iraj Abdy, Plaintiff, represented by Arthur Mahony Murray , Murray Law Firm, Edwin John Kilpela, Jr. , Carlson Lynch Sweet & Kilpela, Gary F. Lynch , Carlson Lynch Sweet & Kilpela, LLP, pro hac vice & Todd David Carpenter , Carlson Lynch Sweet LLP.

Kenneth Krauklis, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew Charles Murphy , DiTommaso Lubin, P.C., Patrick Doyle Austermuehle , DiTommaso Lubin, P.C., Peter Scott Lubin , DiTommaso Lubin, P.C. & Vincent Louis DiTommaso , DiTommaso Lubin, P.C.

Christopher Haitz, Jr., David Millington & Erin Seekamp, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel Feist Schreck , Law Offices of G. Oliver Koppell, G. Oliver Koppell , Law Offices of G. Oliver Koppell and Associates, pro hac vice, Paul C. Whalen , Law Office of Paul C. Whalen, pro hac vice, Rufus L. Edmisten , Edmisten Webb and Moore, pro hac vice & William Woodward Webb , The Edmisten and Webb Law Firm, pro hac vice.

Frank Robert Morris, Jr., Robert Ross Ogburn, Donald Ribar, Erin Smith & Clifford Warwas, Plaintiffs, represented by Gregory M. Travalio , Isaac, Wiles, Burkholder & Teetor, LLP & Mark Hayden Troutman , Isaac Wiles Burkholder Teetor, pro hac vice.

Leo Winternitz, Plaintiff, represented by Clyde Talbot Turner , Turner and Associates, pro hac vice, Kevin Peter Roddy , Wilentz Goldman & Spitzer, PA & Tracey Stevens Buck-Walsh , Law Office of Tracey Buck-Walsh.

Ryan Seager, Plaintiff, represented by Arthur W. Aufmann , The Law Offices of Edward T. Joyce & Associates P.C. & Edward T. Joyce , Edward T. Joyce & Associates P.C.

Claudia Baldassano, Candice D. Beauchamp, Thomas Brummett, Leonard A. Fabiano, Stephen L. Hrabrick, Juan S. Perez & Monica Richards, Plaintiffs, represented by Marc Howard Edelson , Edelson & Associates, LLC, Shanon Jude Carson , Berger Montague PC & Sherrie R. Savett , Berger Montague PC, pro hac vice.

City of St. Clair Shores Police and Fire Retirement System, Plaintiff, represented by Adam D. Hollander , Bernstein Litowitz Berger and Grossmann LLP, pro hac vice, Craig Crandall Reilly , Law Office of Craig C. Reilly & Kate Whitman Aufses , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP.

Joseph Boncoski, Renee Boncoski, John Bennett, Jr., Angela Caporelli, Elbert Collins, Geraldine Collins, Scott Conwell, Jim Corrigan, Peter Christensen, Joseph Conte, Dmitry Dylov, Simone Federman, Daniel Filipek, Cathy Foxx, John Ford, William Galetta, Amanda Gerth, Catherine Giaquinto, David Gorman, Raina Griffiths, Dieter Grosse, Sheryl Hammond, Jessica Hecht, Ashley Jackson, Jeffrey C. King, David Lam, Rex Ledbetter, Jim Manner, Michael McCarthy, Thomas Miller, John Owens, Jennifer Roach-King, Mary Stacey, Marie Sanders, Stacey Tate, Norman Van Vossen, Elizabeth Wallace, Rusty White & Christopher Ward, Plaintiffs, represented by Bruce Heller Nagel , Nagel Rice, LLP, Diane Elizabeth Sammons , Nagel Rice, LLP, Greg Michael Kohn , Nagel Rice LLP, Jay J. Rice , Nagel Rice, LLP & Randee M. Matloff , Nagel Rice LLP.

Richard Clark, Plaintiff, represented by Bruce Heller Nagel , Nagel Rice, LLP, Diane Elizabeth Sammons , Nagel Rice, LLP, Greg Michael Kohn , Nagel Rice LLP, Jay J. Rice , Nagel Rice, LLP, Randee M. Matloff , Nagel Rice LLP & Raymond Parker White , Poswall, White and Brelsford.

Phillip Gillen & Javier Acordagoitia, Plaintiffs, represented by Diane Elizabeth Sammons , Nagel Rice, LLP & Jay J. Rice , Nagel Rice, LLP.

Samantha Gradel & Susan Gradel, Plaintiffs, represented by Kenneth Jay Grunfeld , Golomb Honik, pro hac vice & Richard Moss Golomb , Golomb Honik.

John Youngblood, Plaintiff, represented by Elena Nutenko , Browne George Ross LLP, Joseph Pascal Russoniello , Browne George Ross LLP, Michael A. Bowse , Browne George Ross LLP, Peter James Crosby, IV , Browne George Ross LLP & Peter Wayne Ross , Browne Woods George LLP.

Michael Austin & Mariangela Corales, Paintiffs, represented by Lisa L. Heller , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield LLC.

Jeffrey Brown & Mariangela Corales, Plaintiffs, represented by Craig G. Kunkes , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield LLC, Daniel John Monahan , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield, LLC, James Matthew Brigman , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield, LLC, Lisa L. Heller , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield LLC & Richard Lance Robbins , Robbins Ross Alloy Belinfante Littlefield, LLC.

Karl F. Gaskins, on behalf of plaintiff and other Arizona residents similarly situated & Vera G. Gaskins, on behalf of plaintiff and other Arizona residents, Plaintiffs, represented by Jonathan Corey Teller , Layfield Barrett, APC & Matthew David Karnas , Bellovin and Karnas, PC.

Marlene A. Lemieux, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by George Walton Walker, III , The Finley Firm, P.C., J. Benjamin Finley , Marybeth V. Gibson , The Finley Firm, PC, Marybeth V. Gibson , The Finley Firm, PC, pro hac vice & R. Walker Garrett .

Danielle K. Pergament, Plaintiff, represented by Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice & Michael E. Elsner , Motley Rice LLC.

Marlene Turvill, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Darren Mark Raven Van Puymbrouck , Freeborn & Peters, LLP, David C. Gustman , Freeborn & Peters & John C. Hammerle , Freeborn & Peters, LLP.

Lawrence Norval Walls, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Bradley Paul Ryder , Ryder Law Firm, PC & Kerri Johnson Riley , Kerri Johnson Riley, P.C., pro hac vice.

Zack Walsh, Plaintiff, represented by Joe D. Jacobson , Jacobson Press & Fields PC.

Patricia A. Bonney, Plaintiff, represented by Christopher Le , Straus & Boies, LLP, pro hac vice, Nathan Michael Cihlar , Straus and Boies LLP & Timothy D. Battin , Straus & Boies LLP, pro hac vice.

Miguel C. Fernandez, Plaintiff, represented by Nicholas A. Carlin , Phillips Erlewine Given & Carlin LLP.

Donald Toebben & Grace Toebben, Plaintiffs, represented by Joshua David Moore , Cook, Vetter, Doerhoff & Landwehr, P.C., Kari A. Schulte , Cook, Vetter, Doerhoff & Landwehr, P.C., Matthew A. Clement , Cook, Vetter, Doerhoff & Landwehr, P.C. & Timothy W. Van Ronzelen , Cook, Vetter, Doerhoff & Landwehr, P.C.

Thomas Barnard, Billy Hugh Calloway, Adrienne Dawley, Caroline Hearn Durham, Webb Durham, III, Casey Hare, Sherry Kidd, John Lair, David Little, Monica Little, Patricia Moody, Irene O'Brien, John Scott Pearce, Laverne Pretorius & Kevin Shields, Plaintiffs, represented by James B. Malone , Hendren Redwine and Malone PLLC & Steven B. Epstein , Poyner Spruill, LLP.

Christopher N. Jones, Plaintiff, represented by J. Michael Malone , Hendren & Malone, PLLC & Steven B. Epstein , Poyner Spruill, LLP.

Elke Weber & Walter Weber, Plaintiffs, represented by J. Michael Malone , Hendren & Malone, PLLC, James B. Malone , Hendren Redwine and Malone PLLC & Steven B. Epstein , Poyner Spruill, LLP.

Andrew T. Boyd & Sheree C. Schafer, Plaintiffs, represented by Eric R. Arnold , HENDRICKSON & LONG, Jodi Westbrook Flowers , Motley Rice LLC, Joseph R. Rice , Motley Rice, Kevin R. Dean , Motley Rice, LLC, R. Scott Long , HENDRICKSON & LONG & Raj A. Shah , HENDRICKSON & LONG.

Barbara S. Jentis & Murray S. Krugman, Plaintiffs, represented by David N. Dunn , Phillips, Dunn, Shriver and Carroll, PC, pro hac vice.

Garrett D. Maner, individually and on behalf of others similarly situated & Joseph M. Schafer, Plaintiffs, represented by Eric R. Arnold , HENDRICKSON & LONG, Jodi Westbrook Flowers , Motley Rice LLC, Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice, Joseph R. Rice , Motley Rice, Kevin R. Dean , Motley Rice, LLC, R. Scott Long , HENDRICKSON & LONG & Raj A. Shah , HENDRICKSON & LONG.

Michael Matson, Plaintiff, represented by Norman C. Williams , Gravel & Shea PC.

Linda R. Sanders, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Ephraim Samuel Geisler , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis and Overhotlz, James P. Scoptur , Aiken & Scoptur, S.C., Neil Duane Overholtz , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis & Overholtz, PLLC, pro hac vice & Stephen Herre Echsner , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis & Overholtz, PLLC, pro hac vice.

Cari Allen, Ryan Bennett, Diana Botkin, Bob Bridges, Bill Fields, John Michael Fitzpatrick, Kenneth Frazier, Jessie Glass, Charles Golden, Monica Greppin-Watts, Fiona Haulter, Rose Hernandez, Walter Kurtz, on Behalf of Himself and All Others Similarly Situated, Donald Lowers, Fred Mahler, Margaret Mahler, Robert Matherne, Michael McMurry, Janis Mize, Scott Morton, Ashlea Roark, Juanita Ruiz, Elsa Scribner, Shelby Silvey, Susan Smithson, Jayson Sorensen, Paul Speer, Bobby Watts, Bobbie Waynick, Frank Wegerson, David Whaley, Kenneth Williams, Susan Willis, David Wilson, Penny Wilson & Tris Wilson, Plaintiffs, represented by David W. Garrison , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, pro hac vice, Jerry E. Martin , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, pro hac vice, Scott P. Tift , Barrett Johnston Martin & Garrison, LLC & Timothy L. Miles , Barrett Johnston Martin & Garrison, LLC.

Kimberly L. Killebrew, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Jodi Westbrook Flowers , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice, Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice & Kevin R. Dean , Motley Rice, LLC.

Stephen Belliveau, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated & Brian Hennis, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by David Mullen , Connick Law & Edward W. Cochran , Attorney at Law.

Stephen Howland, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by David Pastor , Pastor Law Office LLP.

Bill Branch Chevrolet, Inc., Plaintiff, represented by Charles PT Phoenix , Rhodes Tucker Phoenix Chartered, pro hac vice & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Jessica Alber, Roberta Duboise, Joe Harrison, Matthew Heinly, Carl Johnson, Alexander Laskovski, David Mann, Joshua Miller, Christopher Mitzak, Sarah Mutka, Rebecca Perlmutter, Rachel Sullivan, Laura Swenson, Susan Tarrence, Alexander Valdes, Susan Wall, Mark Weber, David Winters & Herb Yussim, Plaintiffs, represented by Gregory Yann Porter , Bailey & Glasser LLP & Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP.

Benjamin D. Auchter, On behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Noel E. Eisenstat, On behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Jeffrey A. Gerritsen, On behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Michael E. Johnson, Jr., on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Micheal E. Johnson, Sr., on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Rebecca L. Myers, On behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated & Timothy J. Myers, On behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Joseph H. Meltzer , Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP, Michael Weitzner , Cooper & Kirk PLLC & William David Dolan, III , William D. Dolan, III, PC.

Cheri Lynn Coppotelli, On Behalf of Herself and All Others Similarly Situated & Eric Gentry, on Behalf of Himself and All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiffs, represented by David W. Garrison , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, pro hac vice, Donald J. Cazayoux, Jr. , Cazayoux Ewing, LLC & Jerry E. Martin , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, pro hac vice.

Matthew Goldman, Plaintiff, represented by Kaitlyn J. Johnson , Randall Tietjen , Robins Kaplan LLP & Susan Mary Rotkis , Consumer Litigation Associates.

David Sibley, Plaintiff, represented by Gregory Yann Porter , Bailey & Glasser LLP, Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP & James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C.

Kirk Steffensen, On behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Gregory Yann Porter , Bailey & Glasser LLP, Katherine E. Charonko , Bailey and Glasser, LLP & William David Dolan, III , William D. Dolan, III, PC.

Wendy Branzburg, Deborah McCrohon & Paul Sacamano, Plaintiffs, represented by CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL PLACITELLA , COHEN, PLACITELLA & ROTH, PC.

Geneva Yousey, Plaintiff, represented by Everett Kent Hirsch , Hirsch Law Firm, P.A., pro hac vice, Marshall Dale Evans , The Evans Law Firm, pro hac vice, E. Kent Hirsch , Hirsch Law Firm, P. A. & Marshall Dale Evans , The Evans Law Firm.

Charter Township of Clinton Police and Fire Retirement System, Plaintiff, represented by Adam D. Hollander , Bernstein Litowitz Berger and Grossmann LLP, pro hac vice, Craig Crandall Reilly , Law Office of Craig C. Reilly, Joe Kendall , Kendall Law Group PLLC, pro hac vice & Kate Whitman Aufses , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP.

Ryan Blitstein, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated & Jonathan Goslin, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Christopher Le , Straus & Boies, LLP, pro hac vice & Nathan Michael Cihlar , Straus and Boies LLP.

Willard D. Cunningham, Individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C., Leonid Kandinov , Robbins Arroyo LLP & Timothy G. Blood , Blood Hurst & O'Reardon, LLP.

Mary Ann Beltz, H/W Individually, and on Behalf of all Others Similarly Situated, Paul Beltz & Philip Fugate, Plaintiffs, represented by Bryan Frederick Aylstock , Aylstock, Witki, Kreis and Overhotlz & Ephraim Samuel Geisler , Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis and Overhotlz.

Ms. Nanette Akyaz, as an individual and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Joseph M. Pustizzi , Law Office of Joseph Pustizzi, PA & Michael Thomas Fraser .

Billy Gonzalez & Keith Graybeal, Plaintiffs, represented by Jeffrey Alan Adelman .

Peter McLaughlin, Plaintiff, represented by Barney L. Brannen , Brannen & Loftus PLLC & Paul M. DeCarolis , Gottesman & Hollis PA.

Steven Ivanoski, Individually, Plaintiff, represented by Carin L. Marcussen , Marucussen Law Firm PLLC & William B. Federman , Federman & Sherwood, pro hac vice.

Kevin Feeney, Individually, and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Brian David Ketterer , Janet, Jenner and Suggs, LLC & Robert Keith Jenner , Janet, Jenner and Suggs, LLC, pro hac vice.

Jennifer Hiaasen & Scott Hiaasen, Plaintiffs, represented by Carl Edward Goldfarb , Boies Schiller & Flexner, Damien J. Marshall , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, David Boies , Boies Schiller and Flexner, pro hac vice, Scott E. Gant , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, pro hac vice, Stephen Neal Zack , Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, pro hac vice & Stuart Harold Singer , Boies Schiller & Flexner.

Partner Dennis C. Reich, Plaintiff, represented by Dennis Craig Reich , Reich & Binstock, LLP.

Robert M. Judy, Individually and on behalf of others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Carrie Goodwin Fenwick , Goodwin & Goodwin LLP & Richard D. Owen , Goodwin & Goodwin LLP.

Richard Cowell, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by Bryan Frederick Aylstock , Aylstock, Witki, Kreis and Overhotlz, Richard Moss Golomb , Golomb Honik & Stephen A. Corr , Stark and Stark, P.C.

KENNETH GAZZILLO, Vanda Rimassa & JOHN ZAGAR, Plaintiffs, represented by ERIC G. KAHN , JAVERBAUM WURGAFT HICKS KAHN WIKSTROM & SININS.

Brad Barber, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Julie R. Trotter , Call and Jensen APC, Matthew R. Orr , Call and Jensen APC & Scott R. Hatch , Call and Jensen APC.

Fabian Clark, Ray Harris, Megan Hinton, Mark Johnson, Pamela Johnson, Deborah Kiley, Andrew Pruett, Ronald Trimm, Rusty Wensel & Bobby Yates, Plaintiffs, represented by Lane Lanier Vines , BERGER MONTAGUE PC, Russell D. Paul , BERGER and MONTAGUE PC & Sherrie R. Savett , Berger Montague PC, pro hac vice.

Brown Daub Chevrolet of Nazareth, Inc, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Jeremy Edward Abay , Sacks Weston Diamond LLC, John K. Weston , Sacks Weston Diamond LLC, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Jennifer Klahn, On behalf of herself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Dianne M. Nast , NastLaw LLC, pro hac vice.

Xavier Moreau, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Jeremy Edward Abay , Sacks Weston Diamond LLC & John K. Weston , Sacks Weston Diamond LLC, pro hac vice.

Hsin-Min Edward Chen & Feisa Jan, Plaintiffs, represented by Beau Richard Burbidge , Walker, Hamilton, Koenig & Burbidge, LLP & Walter Herbert Walker, III , Walker, Hamilton & Koenig LLP.

Xinnamonj, Inc., Plaintiff, represented by Beau Richard Burbidge , Walker, Hamilton, Koenig & Burbidge, LLP.

Sandy Cobb, Plaintiff, represented by Clay Ragsdale , Ragsdale LLC, David G. Scott , EMERSON SCOTT LLP, John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine.

Shane Ewart, Plaintiff, represented by David G. Scott , EMERSON SCOTT LLP, J. Andrew Meyer , Leavengood, Dauval, Boyle & Meyer, P.A., John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine.

Jaclyn Foster, Sara Nicol Roberts & Frederick Rudolph, Plaintiffs, represented by J. Gerard Stranch, IV , Branstetter, Stranch & Jennings, PLLC, James G. Stranch, III , Branstetter, Stranch & Jennings, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine.

Richardson Ayres Haxton, Plaintiff, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP, David G. Scott , EMERSON SCOTT LLP, John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Merrida Coxwell , Coxwell & Associates, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine.

Robert Hewitt, Plaintiff, represented by Christopher D. Jennings , Johnson Vines PLLC, John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine.

Jeremy Hollis, Plaintiff, represented by David G. Scott , EMERSON SCOTT LLP, John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine.

Adam Keller, Alex Reid & Matt Remnek, Plaintiffs, represented by Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine.

Brandon Kruse, Keith Kruse, Donald Mason & Chris Wobbe, Plaintiffs, represented by Christopher D. Jennings , Johnson Vines PLLC, David G. Scott , EMERSON SCOTT LLP, John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine & Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine.

Karla Merrow, Plaintiff, represented by Corey D. McGaha , Crowder McGaha LLP, David G. Scott , EMERSON SCOTT LLP, John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine, Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine & William Crowder , Crowder McGaha, LLP.

Christopher H. Schricker & Erica Shoaf, Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew S. Friedman , Bonnett Fairbourn Friedman & Balint, P.C, David G. Scott , EMERSON SCOTT LLP, Eric David Zard , Carlson Lynch Sweet LLP, pro hac vice, Francis Joseph Balint, Jr. , Bonnett Fairbourn Friedman & Balint, PC, John G. Emerson , Emerson Firm, PLLC, Manfred Patrick Muecke , Bonnett, Fairbourn, Friedman, & Balint, P.C., Samuel M. Ward , Barrack Rodos & Bacine, Stephen R. Basser , Barrack, Rodos & Bacine & Van Bunch , Bonnett, Fairbourn, Friedman & Balint, P.C.

Robert Miller, Plaintiff, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C. & Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Luigi Noel Fusco, Plaintiff, represented by Stephen Noel Ilg , ILG Legal Office, PC.

Randiellen Gutinunger, Plaintiff, represented by Jennifer L. Fiore , Mary Alexander & Associates, P.C, Mary E. Alexander , Mary Alexander & Associates P.C. & Sophia Mallhia Aslami , Mary Alexander & Associates, P.C., pro hac vice.

Dwight Plemmons, Plaintiff, represented by Larry Stephen McDevitt , Van Winkle Law Firm, PRO HAC VICE.

Drew Mizak, Gregory Gomes, Individually, and on behalf of all others Similarly Situated, Neal Lustig, Individually, and on behalf of all Others Similarly Situated & David Schweitzer, Individually, and on behalf of all Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Bruce Edward Newman , Brown, Paindiris, and Scott, LLP & Cody Nolan Guarnieri , Brown, Paindiris and Scott.

Christopher Baldwin, Plaintiff, represented by Robert S. Green , Green & Noblin, P.C. & William B. Federman , Federman & Sherwood.

Anthony Maranon, Janice Rucks & Anthony Maran, Plaintiffs, represented by Paul Joseph Smoot , Law Office of Paul J. Smoot.

Joe Herr, Lauren Houlik, Marc Katzschner, Julie Price & Andrey Tavera, Plaintiffs, represented by Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Jacob Avery Richards , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice & Matthew J. Preusch , Keller Rohrback, L.L.P.

Brett Klynn, Plaintiff, represented by Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Jacob Avery Richards , Keller Rohrback L.L.P. & Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., pro hac vice.

Sarah Sharp, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Marc M. Seltzer , Susman Godfrey LLP, Matthew Robert Berry , Susman Godfrey LLP, Shawn Lawrence Raymond , Susman Godfrey LLP, Stephen D. Susman , Susman Godfrey LLP & Steven Gerald Sklaver , Susman Godfrey LLP.

Eliza Stone & Justin Stone, Plaintiffs, represented by Alan Joel Statman , Statman Harris Eyrich LLC, Jeffrey Phillip Harris , Statman, Harris & Eyrich, LLC, pro hac vice & Sylvie Derrien , Statman Harris Eyrich LLC.

Hurricane Hauling & Demolition, Inc., Steven Arlow, DeeAnn Arlow, Harry Oberhelman, III & Leslie Oberhelman, Plaintiffs, represented by Jennifer L. Fiore , Mary Alexander & Associates, P.C, Mary E. Alexander , Mary Alexander & Associates P.C. & Sophia Mallhia Aslami , Mary Alexander & Associates, P.C.

Beth Morrey, Plaintiff, represented by Patrick Joseph Stueve , Stueve Siegel Hanson LLP, pro hac vice, Todd Eugene Hilton , Stueve Siegel Hanson, Jason Scott Hartley , Hartley LLP, Patrick Joseph Stueve , Stueve Siegel Hanson LLP & Todd Eugene Hilton , Stueve Siegel Hanson, pro hac vice.

Joseph Morrey, Plaintiff, represented by Patrick Joseph Stueve , Stueve Siegel Hanson LLP, pro hac vice & Todd Eugene Hilton , Stueve Siegel Hanson, pro hac vice.

Byron Jeanice, Plaintiff, represented by Jason Zachary Landry , Martzell & Bickford, A.P.C., Lawrence Joseph Centola, III , Martzell, Bickford, and Centola & Neil Franz Nazareth , Martzell, Bickford, and Centola.

Miguel Fernandez, Susan Jacobs & Jonathan Rubin, Plaintiffs, represented by Brian Samuel Clayton Conlon , Phillips, Erlewine, Given & Carlin LLP & Nicholas A. Carlin , Phillips Erlewine Given & Carlin LLP.

Christopher Marshall, Plaintiff, represented by Amy L. Marino , Sommers Schwartz, P.C. & Jason J. Thompson , Sommers Schwartz, P.C.

Philip Reich, Joshua Sackos & Duncan Lawrence, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy L. Marino , Sommers Schwartz, P.C.

Bret Banducci, Plaintiff, represented by Jennifer L. Fiore , Mary Alexander & Associates, P.C & Mary E. Alexander , Mary Alexander & Associates P.C.

Chad Niegelsen, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel E. Gustafson , Gustafson Gluek PLLC, pro hac vice, Daniel C. Hedlund , Gustafson Gluek PLLC, E. Powell Miller , The Miller Law Firm, P.C., Joshua J. Rissman , Gustafson Gluek PPLC, Sharon S. Almonrode , The Miller Law Firm, P.C. & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Jerzy Bobko & Danuta Pelc, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy L. Marino , Sommers Schwartz, P.C., Jason J. Thompson , Sommers Schwartz, P.C. & Lance C. Young , Elwood S. Simon & Assoc, P.C.

Jeffrey Michael Fela, Plaintiff, represented by Charles A. Flynn , Berke, Berke & Berke, pro hac vice, Jeremy Matthew Cothern , Berke, Berke & Berke & Ronald J. Berke , Berke, Berke & Berke.

Mark Schumacher & Stephen Verner, Plaintiffs, represented by Bernard Joseph DiMuro , DiMuro Ginsberg PC, Michael Paul Lehmann , Hausfeld LLP & Walter Dekalb Kelley, Jr. , Jones Day.

David Watson, Plaintiff, represented by Bernard Joseph DiMuro , DiMuro Ginsberg PC & Walter Dekalb Kelley, Jr. , Jones Day.

Amanda Elaine Davis, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated & Preston Roberts, Plaintiffs, represented by Mindy C. Fisher , Dungan Kilbourne & Stahl PA.

June Frechou, Plaintiff, represented by Gerald Joseph Diaz, Jr. , Diaz Law Firm, PLLC, Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice & Matthew Dixon Camm , Motley Rice LLC.

Floyd Beck Warren, Plaintiff, represented by Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC & Matthew Dixon Camm , Motley Rice LLC.

Kevin McCann, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by J. Gerard Stranch, IV , Branstetter, Stranch & Jennings, PLLC, James Gerard Stranch, IV , Branstetter Stranch & Jennings & Joe P. Leniski, Jr. , Branstetter Stranch Jennings, PLLC.

Ashley Hall, Plaintiff, represented by Khaldoun A. Baghdadi , Walkup Melodia Kelly & Schoenberger, APC & Steven James Skikos , Skikos, Crawford, Skikos & Joseph.

Carriage Chevrolet, Inc., Plaintiff, represented by David J. Hodge , Morris, King & Hodge, PC, pro hac vice, James Matthew Stephens , Methvin Terrell, pro hac vice, James Michael Terrell , Methvin, Terrell, Yancey, Stephens & Miller, P.C., Jayne Conroy , Simmons Hanly Conroy, LLC, pro hac vice, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Arash Badeanlou, Plaintiff, represented by Timothy G. Blood , Blood Hurst & O'Reardon, LLP.

Gary L. Grela, David A. Licht, Rachel Gourki & Alex Scull, Plaintiffs, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C. & Timothy G. Blood , Blood Hurst & O'Reardon, LLP.

Michael Dimauro & Sandra Dimauro, Plaintiffs, represented by David R. Paoli , Paoli Law Firm.

Jason A. Hess, Plaintiff, represented by Mark P. Chalos , Lieff Cabraser Heimann and Bernstein LLP.

Karen Labbate, Plaintiff, represented by Anthony A. Orlandi , Branstetter Stranch & Jennings PLLC, Charles J. Kocher , Saltz Mongeluzzi Barrett & Bendesky PC, pro hac vice, J. Gerard Stranch, IV , Branstetter, Stranch & Jennings, PLLC, James G. Stranch, III , Branstetter, Stranch & Jennings, PLLC, Joe P. Leniski, Jr. , Branstetter Stranch Jennings, PLLC, Patrick Howard , Saltz Mongeluzzi Barrett & Bendesky PC, pro hac vice & Simon B. Paris , Saltz Mongeluzzi Barrett & Bendesky PC, pro hac vice.

Amy Campion Scoggins & Kevin Yazdi, Plaintiffs, represented by Alexandra T. Steele , Girardi Keese & Thomas V. Girardi , Girardi & Keese.

Deborah K. Pepin, Plaintiff, represented by Amanda Lawrence , Scott and Scott, Attorneys at Law, LLP, pro hac vice & John T. Jasnoch , Scott+Scott Attorneys at Law LLP.

Jennifer June Stempien, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Alison C. Harke , Harke, Clasby & Bushman, LLP, pro hac vice, Charles F. Barrett , Neal & Harwell, PLC, Howard Mitchell Bushman , The Moskowitz Law Firm, PLLC, Lance A. Harke , Harke, Clasby & Bushman, LLP, Patrick M. Barrett, III , Barrett Law Office, PLLC & Sarah Clasby Engel , Harke Clasby and Bushman LLP, pro hac vice.

Peter Granger, Sarah Grendziak, Michelle Keaton & Shayne Labudda, Plaintiffs, represented by Breanne Leigh Snapp , Habush Habush and Rottier S.C., pro hac vice, Jason Joel Knutson , Habush Habush and Rottier S.C., pro hac vice & Katelynn Mary Williams , Hawks Quindel, S.C.

Windham Motor Company, Inc., Plaintiff, represented by James Michael Terrell , Methvin, Terrell, Yancey, Stephens & Miller, P.C., Jayne Conroy , Simmons Hanly Conroy, LLC, pro hac vice, Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP, Phillip W. McCallum , McCallum Methvin & Terrell, P.C. & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Angela Moloney, Jayne Fitzgerald & Richard Briefs, Plaintiffs, represented by Adam Janet , Janet, Jenner and Suggs, LLC & Robert Keith Jenner , Janet, Jenner and Suggs, LLC, pro hac vice.

Eric Quintanilla, Plaintiff, represented by Joseph M. Dunn , Wigington Rumley Dunn and Blair, Amy E. Keller , DiCello Levitt & Casey LLC, David L. Rumley , Wiginton Rumley Dunn LLP, Jeffrey Glenn Wigington , Wigington Rumley Dunn Blair, LLP & Joseph M. Dunn , Wigington Rumley Dunn and Blair, pro hac vice.

Lori Esquivel, Plaintiff, represented by Joseph M. Dunn , Wigington Rumley Dunn and Blair, Amy E. Keller , DiCello Levitt & Casey LLC, David L. Rumley , Wiginton Rumley Dunn LLP, Jeffrey Glenn Wigington , Wigington Rumley Dunn Blair, LLP, Joseph M. Dunn , Wigington Rumley Dunn and Blair, pro hac vice & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Regina Swarce & John Swarce, Plaintiffs, represented by Michael P. Thornton , Thornton Law Firm LLP.

John Vodonick, Plaintiff, represented by Emil John Vodonick , The Vodonick Lawfirm & Michael Vance Nudelman , Law Office of Michael Nudelman.

David Palmer, Plaintiff, represented by Lauren Ann Rode , Consumer Action Law Group, Pauliana N. Lara , Consumer Action Law Group PC, Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Scott Henderson, Plaintiff, represented by Tracy L. Brock , Tracy L. Brock.

Vic Swindler & Jennifer Swindler, Plaintiffs, represented by Emily Ward Roark , Bryant Law Center, pro hac vice & Mark P. Bryant , Bryant Law Center, pro hac vice.

Vicki Donaldson & Dan Donaldson, Plaintiffs, represented by Emily Ward Roark , Bryant Law Center & Mark P. Bryant , Bryant Law Center.

David Thompson, Plaintiff, represented by Matthew Benjamin Moreland , Jim S. Hall & Associates, LLC.

Brian Fitzgibbons, Eric Wishan, Sheryl Stansell, Kurt Squier, Kate Maxfield, Rhonnda Pellegrini & Paul Pellegrini, Plaintiffs, represented by Gretchen Freeman Cappio , Keller Rohrback, LLP, Jacob Avery Richards , Keller Rohrback L.L.P., Lynn Lincoln Sarko , Keller Rohrback L.L.P. & Matthew J. Preusch , Keller Rohrback, L.L.P.

United States of America, Plaintiff, represented by Bethany Engel , US Department of Justice, Gabriel Allen , U.S. Department of Justice, Joshua Hay Van Eaton , U.S. Dept. of Justice, Leslie Allen , US Department of Justice, Nigel Bernard Cooney , U.S. Department of Justice, Patrick Beau Bryan United States Department of Justice, Robert Douglas Mullaney United States Department of Justice & Sheila McAnaney , U.S. Department of Justice.

Ellen Mutari & Deborah M. Figart, Plaintiffs, represented by Damien J. Marshall , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, David Boies , Boies Schiller and Flexner, pro hac vice, David S. Stone , Stone and Magnanini LLP, pro hac vice, Robert Anthony Magnanini , Stone Magnanini LLP, pro hac vice, Scott E. Gant , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, pro hac vice & Stephen Neal Zack , Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, pro hac vice.

B. Anderson, Plaintiff, represented by Katelynn Mary Williams , Hawks Quindel, S.C.

Margaret Ogden, Plaintiff, represented by Lionel Z. Glancy , Glancy Prongay & Murray LLP, Robert Vincent Prongay , Glancy Prongay & Murray LLP & Susan Gilah Kupfer , Glancy Prongay & Murray LLP.

Paul Comalado, Jeff Salidor, Donald Gottlieb, Armando Villafana Pedraza, Reinaldo Acosta, William Vaughan & Natalie Johnson, Plaintiffs, represented by Aaron Scott Finesilver , Finesilver Law, P.A., pro hac vice.

Jennifer Rosales & Philip Satchell, Plaintiffs, represented by Alison Elizabeth Cordova , Cotchett Pitre McCarthy, LLP, Frank Mario Pitre , Cotchett Pitre & McCarthy LLP, Joanna W. LiCalsi , Cotchett Pitre & McCarthy LLP, Joseph Winters Cotchett , Cotchett Pitre and McCarthy LLP, Joseph Charles Wilson , Curiale Wilson LLP, Nancy Leavitt Fineman , Cotchett Pitre and McCarthy LLP & Robert B. Hutchinson , Cotchett Pitre & McCarthy LLP.

Philip Waters & Stephen Deere, Plaintiffs, represented by James Windsor Eason , EASON LAW FIRM.

James W. Casson, J.D., Plaintiff, pro se.

Joseph Stroming, Plaintiff, represented by Brian LaCien , Power Rogers Smith P.C. & Carolyn Daley Scott , Power Rogers & Smith, PC.

William D. Ross, Plaintiff, represented by Melanie Joustra Garner , Locks Law Firm & Stephen J. Nolan , Stephen J. Nolan Chartered.

David P. Bellemore, Plaintiff, represented by Leslie C. Nixon , Nixon Vogelman Barry Slawsky & Simoneau PA.

Paul Meyer, Ellen Cabeza & Gregory Cabeza, Plaintiffs, represented by Joshua R. Trigsted , Trigsted Law Group, P.C.

Michael Terry, Plaintiff, represented by George Walton Walker, III , The Finley Firm, P.C., J. Benjamin Finley , Marybeth V. Gibson , The Finley Firm, PC & R. Walker Garrett .

Joaquin Hernandez, Plaintiff, represented by Fred Catfish Abbott , Abbott Law Group, PA & Steven William Teppler , Abbott Law Group, P.A.

Micah Stuart, Plaintiff, represented by Catherine Ann Allen , Hunton & Williams LLP.

Christopher Smith, Plaintiff, represented by Colette B. Davies , DAVIES LAW, PLLC, John C. Heenan , BISHOP AND HEENAN, Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Timothy M. Bechtold , Bechtold Law Firm.

Kay Turner, Plaintiff, represented by Damien J. Marshall , Boies Schiller Flexner LLP, David Boies , Boies Schiller and Flexner, pro hac vice, Scott E. Gant , Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, pro hac vice & Stephen Neal Zack , Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, pro hac vice.

Jonathan Greenberg, Taylor Bell, Andrew James Clarke & Brian James Gilbride, Plaintiffs, represented by Albert L. Frevola, Jr. , Gordon Hargrove & James, Bruce S. Rogow , Bruce S. Rogow PA, Ivan John Kopas , Conrad & Scherer, LLP, Russell Robert O'Brien , Conrad and Scherer, pro hac vice, Tara A. Campion , Bruce S. Rogow, P.A. & William R. Scherer , Conrad and Scherer, LLP.

Ross Vigran, Plaintiff, represented by Alan J. Statman , Statman Harris & Eyrich, Darren W. Penn , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, Hugh J. Bode , Reminger & Reminger Co LPA, Jed Davis Manton , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, Jeffrey Phillip Harris , Statman, Harris & Eyrich, LLC, Jeffrey R. Harris , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, pro hac vice, Madeline Elizabeth McNeeley , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, pro hac vice, Stephen Glenn Lowry , Harris Penn Lowry LLP & Sylvie Derrien , Statman Harris Eyrich LLC.

Bethany H. Bynum, Plaintiff, represented by Ronald Richard Parry , Strauss Troy.

Camille Jackson & John Michael Gullotti, Plaintiffs, represented by Jonathan A. Michaels , MLG Automotive Law, APLC A Professional Law Corporation, Kathryn Jeanine Harvey , Wesierski & Zurek, LLP & Kianna C. Parviz , MLG Automotive Law, APLC.

Kelly Stover, Plaintiff, represented by Anthony J. Sperber , Law Offices of Anthony J. Sperber & Arthur Joseph Obolsky , Law Office of Arthur J. Obolsky.

Gary Vigran, Plaintiff, represented by Alan J. Statman , Statman Harris & Eyrich, Darren W. Penn , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, Jed Davis Manton , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, Jeffrey Phillip Harris , Statman, Harris & Eyrich, LLC, Jeffrey R. Harris , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, pro hac vice, Madeline Elizabeth McNeeley , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, pro hac vice, Stephen Glenn Lowry , Harris Penn Lowry LLP & Sylvie Derrien , Statman Harris Eyrich LLC.

Harry Brown, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by Darren W. Penn , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, Jed Davis Manton , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, Jeffrey Phillip Harris , Statman, Harris & Eyrich, LLC, Jeffrey R. Harris , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, pro hac vice, Kristy Sweat Davies , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, Madeline Elizabeth McNeeley , Harris Penn Lowry LLP, pro hac vice & Stephen Glenn Lowry , Harris Penn Lowry LLP.

Scott Anderson, Plaintiff, represented by Carolyn Daley Scott , Power Rogers & Smith, PC.

Chelsea Noggle, Plaintiff, represented by Richard Harry Greener , Greener Burke Shoemaker Oberrecht P.A., pro hac vice, Fredric Victor Shoemaker , Greener Burke Shoemaker Oberrecht P.A. & Thomas John Lloyd, III , Elam & Burke, P.A.

William W. Weathers, Kevin M. Weathers, Mark Davis, David R. Loring, Joanna F. Loring & Alice J. Kramer, Plaintiffs, represented by Deanna Marie Wallace , Law Offices of William R. McGee & Kevin A. Alexander, II , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Rene Esneault, Plaintiff, represented by David Blayne Honeycutt , Attorney at Law & Heidi M. Gould , Heidi Mabile Gould, Attorney at Law.

David B. Richardson & Law Offices of David B. Richardson, P.S., Plaintiffs, represented by Devin Noah Robinson , Law Offices of Devin Robinson, P.C. & Eugene Nelson Bolin, Jr. , Law Offices of Eugene N. Bolin, Jr., PS.

Dennis Thompson, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel E. Becnel, Jr. , Becnel Law Firm, L.L.C., Jennifer L. Crose , Becnel Law Firm, LLC, Matthew Benjamin Moreland , Jim S. Hall & Associates, LLC, Mekel Smith Alvarez , Morris Bart, LLC, Morris Bart, III , Morris Bart, LLC & Salvadore Christina, Jr. , Becnel Law Firm LLC.

Janice Martin, Plaintiff, represented by Kenneth G. Gilman , Gilman Law LLP.

Peter Park, Kelly Park, Kristen Salontay, Jonathan Salontay, Johanna Salontay, James Venturino, Jacqueline Burge, Alethea Paradis, Elizabeth Wenke, Megan McGrath, Fred Hepp, Jill Petersen, Stephanie Hunt, Steven Hunt, Maksym Maga, Marvin Kwit, Elizabeth Lombard, Hal Onserud, Anne Peters, Michael Peters, Dan Perkins, Michael Walker, Adrian Terrazas, Hernake Takhar, Michael Pennon & Angela Tasca-Zungri, Plaintiffs, represented by A. Barry Cappello , Cappello & Noel LLP & Leila J. Noel , Cappello & Noel.

Joseph L. Dunham, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Adam Christopher McCall , Levi Korsinsky, LLP.

Imelda Armantrout & Armin Bandari, Plaintiffs, represented by Stephen Guy Recordon , Recordon & Recordon, Clinton James Rooney & Stephen G. Recordon , Recordon & Recordon.

James J. McGlynn, Plaintiff, pro se.

Justin Goodman, Plaintiff, represented by John Edward Abaray , Thomas Law Offices & Tad Thomas , Thomas Law Offices, PLLC.

Drew Leonard & Mark Gruskin, an individual, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs, represented by Colin Andrew Yuhl , Yuhl Carr LLP, Eric Francis Yuhl , YUHL CARR LLP, Michael H. Artinian , Bridgford Gleason and Artinian, Michael J. Kent , McNicholas & McNicholas LLP, Patrick McNicholas , McNicholas & McNicholas LLP & Richard Kevin Bridgford , Bridgford and Gleason and Artinian.

Timothy Smith, Plaintiff, represented by Julio J. Ramos , Julio J. Ramos Law Offices & Steven M. Nunez , Ward & Hagen LLP.

Matthew Dowd, Perry Oxendine, Whitney Powers, Michael Meintzschel, Marion B. Moore & John Staby, Plaintiffs, represented by Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Jason Daniel Pejsa, Edward Cyrankowski, Marcus Alexander Doege, Robin Johnson, Alan Bandics, Ray Preciado, Alvin Converse, Michael Heilmann, China Boak Terrell, Dan Clements, James Urbaniak, Megan Walawender, Brian Nicholas Mills, Michael Cruise, Kevin Bedard, Eric Davidson White, Rodney Goeman, Farrah Bell, Vickie Rima, Scott Clifford Anderson, Richard Lanham, Marion McIntosh, Addison Minott, Michael Greitzer, John Dufurrena, Raymond Krein, Steven R. Thornton, Catherine Brophy, Grant M. Brophy, Phillip Clark, William S. Dodge, L. Cooper Rutland, Aimee Epstein, Mary Reiser, Celia Shelton, Ted Truong, Timothy Watson, Karl Fry, Thomas A. Malone, James Priest, Carmel Rubin, Koreen Walsh, Anne Mahle, David McCarthy, Jonathan Peterson, Ryan Joseph Schuette, Wolfgang Steudel, Melani Buchanan Farmer, Daniel Root, Wanpen Root, Elizabeth Bedard, Miriam A. Jaffee, Katherine Mehls, Marjorie Hodges Shaw, Carol Andrews, James Malloy, Roy McNeal, Amin Nosrat, Kurt Mallery, William Andrew Wilson, Will Harlan, William Barrois, Jason Capizzi, Bruce Holcomb, Monica Holcomb, Curtis Hurst, Ralph May, Brian Perelmuter, Ted Schrubbe, Jared Standiford, Geert Wenes, Michael Beck, ELL 10, LLC, Fairway Lincoln-Mercury, Inc., Jim Peach Motors, Inc., Key Buick Company, Larry Green Ford, Inc., Lynch Motor Company of Auburn, Inc., Lynch Nissan Of Auburn, Inc., Nabors, Inc., Nancy Aynehchi, Scott Diogenes, Cleveland Kelly, Themistoklis Kolitsas, John Perches & Melvin Thornton, Plaintiffs, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Lena Brook, Plaintiff, represented by Kevin R. Budner , Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

Walter Ford, Plaintiff, represented by John Gregory Webb , MichieHamlett PLLC, pro hac vice, Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, Lisa Sarah Brook , Michie Hamlett, pro hac vice & Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP.

David Vangel, Plaintiff, pro se.

Armen C. Sarkissian, Plaintiff, represented by Areg A. Sarkissian , Law Offices of Areg A. Sarkissian.

Russell Evans, Elizabeth Evans & Wesley J. Pratt, III, Plaintiffs, represented by Wyatt A. Lison , Feinstein Doyle Payne & Kravec, LLC.

David B. Rubin, Terry S. Newman, Stephen Skowronek, Susan Jacobs Skowronek, Michael Skowronek & Michael E. Sessine, Plaintiffs, represented by Ann H. Rubin , Carmody Torrance Sandak and Hennessey, LLP, pro hac vice.

Aaron Marroquin, Plaintiff, represented by Kelly Elizabeth Jenkins .

Diamond Motors, Plaintiff, pro se.

Jorge Arias & Cassandra Naylor, Plaintiffs, represented by Aaron Scott Finesilver , Finesilver Law, P.A.

Joseph M. Sylvester, Nigel G. Hardwidge, Lisong Zhou, Gilbert E. Enriquez, Paul J. Weggenmann, Charles S. Hulme, Teddy Kim, Laura Paquette, Olga Rosas, David G. Balter, Joanne Hendricks, Robert M. Hendricks, Michael J. Wixted, Mark A. Hill, Mike D. Krecu, Debbie L. Krecu, Eduardo Boelart, Martha Boelart, Michael A. Cohen, Thomas A. Kramer, Janice Lee-Colvig, Petra Jerman, James Garcia, Donice G. Mitchell, Trista Benhanan, Sandra Merritt, Ezechiel Sanchez, Susie E. Nuccio, Todd M. Nuccio, Steven E. Ramsland, Mary E. Cooper, Donald E. Williams, William Johansen, James F. Wilson, Barbara H. Jones, Michael Armstrong, Greg Ingerson, Lorna Lejano, Jacqueline Luna, Ashley Proctor, Bradley Stone, Armen Amirkhanyan, Edward J. Gibbons, Robert Moser, Payam David Yadidi, Karen S. Askins & Remie B. Zitzelberger, Plaintiffs, represented by Deanna Marie Wallace , Law Offices of William R. McGee, Kevin A. Alexander, II , Law Offices of William R. McGee & William Robert McGee , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Michael D. Wolfenbarger, Plaintiff, represented by Adam D. Hollander , Bernstein Litowitz Berger and Grossmann LLP, pro hac vice, Gordon Ball , Law Office Gordon Ball, James G. Stranch, III , Branstetter, Stranch & Jennings, PLLC & Kate Whitman Aufses , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP.

Louella Lievens, Plaintiff, represented by Matthew B. Bryant , pro hac vice & Randall C. Dixon , Dixon Hayes.

Juston C. Lott, Plaintiff, represented by Evan S. Mortimer , Mortimer, Thomas PLLC.

Margot Chauncey, Plaintiff, represented by Gregory Alan Frank , Frank LLP.

Jose Chavez, Plaintiff, represented by Stephen Guy Recordon , Recordon & Recordon, Shana E. Scarlett , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP & Stephen G. Recordon , Recordon & Recordon.

Richard Nahmias, John Poniktera, Luella Poniktera, Nathan Roark, Nina Akin, Joshua Bereny, Frederick Gradel, Tina Gradel, Thea McNorvell, Tamara N. Bruns & Ian McCollom, Plaintiffs, represented by Stephen Guy Recordon , Recordon & Recordon & Stephen G. Recordon , Recordon & Recordon.

Sheila Shearlock, Plaintiff, represented by Artice Lee McGraw , Artice L. McGraw, P.A., John Patrick Kuder , Sellers Skievaski Kuder LLP, Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA, pro hac vice & Stephen Guy Recordon , Recordon & Recordon.

Matthew Kudriaszow & Ida Blotcky, Plaintiffs, represented by Artice Lee McGraw , Artice L. McGraw, P.A., John Patrick Kuder , Sellers Skievaski Kuder LLP, Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA, pro hac vice & Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA.

Tristen Alyn Resendiz, Plaintiff, represented by Bobby Garcia , Law Offices of Bobby Garcia & Rick A. Eckerson , Eckerson Law Firm, PLLC, pro hac vice.

Ron Weiss, Plaintiff, represented by Jason Edward Ochs , Ochs Law Firm PC.

Blair Lampert, Jose Trujillo, Norma Trujillo, Dallas Manlunas & Heather Manlunas, Plaintiffs, represented by Kathryn Beth Abrams , Of Counsel LEMON LAW GROUP PARTNERS, PLC.

William A. Grafton, Plaintiff, represented by Kelly Ann Grafton , Grafton Firm, LLC.

William A. Grafton, Plaintiff, pro se.

Kelly Ann Grafton, Plaintiff, pro se.

Kelly A. Grafton, Plaintiff, represented by William A. Grafton , Grafton Firm, LLC.

Mary Shulak & Edward Shulak, Plaintiffs, represented by Orion Gregory Webb , Smith Welch Webb & White, LLC.

Thomas M. Motovidlak, Plaintiff, pro se.

Stephen W. Konizer, James Parks, Amy Bowers & Stephen Bowers, Plaintiffs, represented by Michael Douglas Power , Power And Associates, P.C., pro hac vice.

Richard Korson & Rebecca Waxman, Plaintiffs, represented by David N. Dunn , Phillips, Dunn, Shriver and Carroll, PC.

Steven Bryan & Arquimedes Caceres, Plaintiffs, represented by Trinette Gragirena Kent & Sergei Lemberg , Lemberg Law, LLC.

Tim Cornelio, Khao Sirimongkhoune, John Joseph Yumato Taylor, Martha Sakell, Roy Strang & Romil Limoson, Plaintiffs, represented by Sergei Lemberg , Lemberg Law, LLC.

M.D. Thomas White, Plaintiff, represented by Kevin Reeve Duck , Duck Law Firm, Sergei Lemberg , Lemberg Law, LLC & Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Federal Trade Commission, Plaintiff, represented by Jonathan Abraham Cohen , Federal Trade Commission Bureau of Consumer Protection, Division of Enforcement, Michelle L. Schaefer , FTC, Amanda Brooke Kostner , Federal Trade Commission & Sangjoon Han , Federal Trade Commission.

Mary Lambert, Plaintiff, represented by Leonard A. Davis , Herman, Herman & Katz LLC, Patrick Ryan Busby , Herman, Herman & Katz, LLC, Soren E. Gisleson , Herman Herman Katz, pro hac vice & Stephen J. Herman , Herman, Herman & Katz LLP.

Edward H. Stewart, Robin W. Sylvester & Kimberly Moser, Plaintiffs, represented by Kevin A. Alexander, II , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Joseph Whalen, Plaintiff, pro se.

Stephen W. Whalen, Plaintiff, pro se.

Dr. Saurabh Gupta, Tyler C. Frasier, Stephen Keith Prince, Tanya Maria Prince & Stephen Langford, Plaintiffs, represented by Sharon Elizabeth Glassey , Glassey Smith.

Debra Albin, Dustin Brodie, Jennifer Haendel, John Haendel, John Horrell & Benjamin Seay, Plaintiffs, represented by David W. Garrison , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, Jerry E. Martin , Barrett Johnston Martin and Garrison, Scott P. Tift , Barrett Johnston Martin & Garrison, LLC & Timothy L. Miles , Barrett Johnston Martin & Garrison, LLC.

Jayne Israel & Amanda Kitchen, Plaintiffs, represented by Richard I. Rubin, Esq. , Rubin, Kidney, Myer & Vincent.

Jonathan Burr, Plaintiff, represented by Christina Jean Weis , Jin Weis PLLC.

F. Gerald Maples, Plaintiff, pro se.

Ernest B. Martin, III, Plaintiff, represented by F. Gerald Maples , F. Gerald Maples, PA.

Megan Bergeron, Tina Pease, Cheryl Troupe, Michelle Clarke, Harold Darcangelo, Horst Eberspaecher, Emanuel Ferro, Anthony Foster, April Foster, Mikel Gutierrez, David Hardin, Brian Hay, Forrest Haygood, Norma Haygood, Cynthia Heath, Sam J. Johnson, Gregory W. Kahler, Michael Kalina, Johann Karason, Kelli Kessler, Arinya Khamphoumy, Patrick King, Mark Mackin, Donna McQuiggan, Steven Meredith, Patrick Munt, Milovanka Neasham, Mark Nicotera, Patrick O'Donnell, Sheuan Pan, Arthur Lee Parson, Jeremy Rapp, Carol Graves, Kelly Ray, Patrick Robles, David Rominski, Andrew Schneider, Peggy Schneider, Diane Scott, Mahesh Suthar, Sunita Suthar, Clinton Taylor, Melissa Taylor, William Thompson, Greg Weltch, Donnie Willett & Ljupce Zagorac, Plaintiffs, represented by Trinette Gragirena Kent .

Mark R. Moskowitz, Plaintiff, pro se.

Pierre Levy, Plaintiff, pro se.

Michael Fisher & Jonathan Smith, Plaintiffs, represented by Christopher Boyce Hood , Heninger Garrison Davis, LLC, James F. McDonough, III , Heninger Garrison & Davis, LLC, James G. Onder , Onder Law Firm, Michael John Dalton, Jr. , THE PAGE LAW FIRM & William Lewis Garrison, Jr. , Heninger Garrison Davis, LLC.

Andre Houle, Plaintiff, represented by Christopher Boyce Hood , Heninger Garrison Davis, LLC, James F. McDonough, III , Heninger Garrison & Davis, LLC, James G. Onder , Onder Law Firm, Michael John Dalton, Jr. , THE PAGE LAW FIRM, Michael J. Quillin , Onder, Shelton, O'Leary & Peterson, LLC. & William Lewis Garrison, Jr. , Heninger Garrison Davis, LLC.

Margaret Ann Reveles & Suzanne Dobbins, Plaintiffs, represented by Clinton James Rooney & Stephen G. Recordon , Recordon & Recordon.

Marco Marzulli, Plaintiff, represented by Derek J. Illar , Watson Mundorff Brooks & Sepic, LLP.

Robert Jacob Kogan, Plaintiff, represented by Aaron Louis Peskin , Ferrara Law Group PC, pro hac vice.

Matthew Drake, Plaintiff, represented by Brian Augustus Beckcom , Vujasinovic Beckcom, pro hac vice & Kenneth Bruce Fenelon , VB Attorneys, pro hac vice.

Linda May Reed, Plaintiff, represented by Steven Howell , Howell Law Firm, pro hac vice.

Ian Sipula, Plaintiff, pro se.

Napleton Automotive of Urbana, LLC, Napleton Orlando Imports, LLC & Napleton Sanford Imports, LLC, Plaintiffs, represented by Richard Niel Sox, Jr. , Bass Sox Mercer, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

James H. Jones, Plaintiff, represented by Deanna Marie Wallace , Law Offices of William R. McGee & William Robert McGee , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Owen McLachlan & Yvonne Napper, Plaintiffs, represented by Stephen G. Recordon , Recordon & Recordon.

Henry A. Poku, Raymond Gudowicz, Steve Hendershot, Casandra Lane, William Lawson, Dee Magleby, George O'Bryan, John Peterka, William Lee Cummings, Jr., Dearl Duncan, James D. Ferns, IV, Charles Thomas Gordon, Christopher J. Casey, Matthew Delaney, Ronald Ferguson & Sharon Ferguson, Plaintiffs, represented by Jeffrey Todd Embry , Hossley Embry LLP.

Dane Trask, Plaintiff, represented by Christopher D. Smith , Christopher D. Smith, PA & John G. Beggan , Christopher D. Smith, PA.

Thomas Schlesinger, Plaintiff, represented by Ruth M. Allen , Ruth M. Allen, Attorney.

Vickie L. Jones & Korey D. Jones, Plaintiffs, represented by Kathryn Beth Abrams , Of Counsel LEMON LAW GROUP PARTNERS, PLC & Brooks Richard Siegel , Lemon Law Group Partners PLC.

Shelby Clark, Plaintiff, pro se.

Kristopher Clark, Plaintiff, pro se.

Danny Z. Serra & Idalina Z. Serra, Plaintiffs, represented by Judd L. Peskin , Peskin, Courchesne & Allen, P.C.

Carmen Atilano & Sandra Garcia, Plaintiffs, represented by Deanna Marie Wallace , Law Offices of William R. McGee, Kenneth B. Alexander , Attorney at Law, Kevin A. Alexander, II , Law Offices of William R. McGee & William Robert McGee , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Joyce Ann Zigrang Davis, Plaintiff, represented by Deanna Marie Wallace , Law Offices of William R. McGee, Kevin A. Alexander, II , Law Offices of William R. McGee, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Lisa Pamphilon & Debbie Stewart, Plaintiffs, represented by Steven Lance Marchbanks , Premier Legal Center A.P.C.

Winston R. Wood, Michelle Schaaf-Richards & Rodney Caldwell, Plaintiffs, represented by Adam T. Hamilton , Lemon Law Group Partners PLC & Kathryn Beth Abrams , Of Counsel LEMON LAW GROUP PARTNERS, PLC.

Harry Andrianos, Ryan Angle-Graves, Ovidiu Borz, Junko Bozenda, Ricardo Briseno, Michele Catoline-Greenwall, James Cottral, Donald Cunningham, Lu Fatlan, Robert Faut, Virginia Forrest, Jon Gilles, Michael Glass, Frank Gordon, David Hagenbuch, Kyra Hicks, Corey Hloben, Lauren Hloben, Michael Jamiolkowski, Blake Klosa, Wendy Klosa, Joshua Martin, Nels Mattson, Robert Mugge, Brian Mullins, Karl Niebuhr, Leann Niebuhr, Louis Pace, Herbert Patterson, David Prahl, Gloria Resendiz, Darin Rose, Gintare Savelskas, Tomas Savelskas, David Sollis, Jr., Matthew Sztejkowski, Jeff Viele, Grace Wagner, Glen Weber & Sandra Weber, Plaintiffs, represented by Jason Bryant McGary , Strong Law Offices, pro hac vice.

Romil Limson, Plaintiff, represented by Sofia Balile & Trinette Gragirena Kent .

Sofia Gonzalez, Plaintiff, represented by Carolyn Daley Scott , Power Rogers & Smith, PC & Todd A. Smith , Powers, Rogers & Smith.

Andrew Glick & Elizabeth Heidtbrink, Plaintiffs, represented by Gregory Howard Moss , Krohn & Moss, Ltd.

David L. Farnbauch, Plaintiff, represented by Crystal D. Pulley , McClure, McClure & Davis.

Matthew G. Hoffer, Plaintiff, pro se.

Miami Police Relief & Pension Fund, Plaintiff, represented by James A. Harrod , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP & Niki L. Mendoza , Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP.

Rhino 13 Inc. & Jil F. Young, Plaintiffs, represented by Kenneth B. Alexander , Attorney at Law & Kevin A. Alexander, II , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Matthew Bean, Plaintiff, represented by Amy L. Cueller , LEMBERG LAW LLC.

Christian Renteria, Plaintiff, represented by Deanna Marie Wallace , Law Offices of William R. McGee, Kenneth B. Alexander , Attorney at Law & William Robert McGee , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Mark Mims & Stephanie Mims, Plaintiffs, represented by Terrie Scott Morgan , Capell Howard PC, pro hac vice.

Laurie Andre, Kristine Andrew, Christopher Ansell, Russell Barnum, Martina Macias, Patricia Nelson, Robert Nelson, James Newman, Joshua Perelli-Minetti, Jun Suwabe, Christine Hodges Black, Elizabeth Blakely, Callee Blanchard, Daniel Buzard, Kenneth Cogburn, Casey Alan Guidry, Casey Triola Guidry, Elizabeth Lebeau, Randall Lebeau, Tony Leming, Joan Mann, Brenda Manuel, Granville Manuel, John Monceaux, Marlane Monceaux, Alfred William Palmer, Deloris Palmer, Kristy Routt, Dawn Sanders, Amanda Short, David Short, Stephanie Short, Janie Allen, Candice Aylor-Morris, Janet Brauer, Geneva Caruthers, Michael Erickson, Darlino Faria, Christine Faria, Holly Giannakopoulos, Gloria Jean Hamon, Don Hodges, Kari McKinney, Mary Nevels, Thomas Ray Nevels, Jr., Paul Reiszner, Mary Mueller Smith, Dalette Schmidt, Mary Thomas, Charlene Blanchard, George Bourg, Heather Buller, Perry A. Burney, Gary Daussin, Robert L. Indest, Farrah Krautsdorfer, Matthew Krautsdorfer, Donald C. Manuel, Verne Mullins, Melissa Piehet, Anthony J. Piciotta, Jr, Malcolm R. Sandel, Angie L. Voisin, James F. Willeford, Stacy Fredenburg, Rosaura Garza, James Gates, Kathleen Hale, Kathy Sawyer, John Brutsche, Marshall Allman, Carlos Alvarez, Elizabeth Alvarez, Jessica Bautista, Captain Robert Bravo, Emily Carter, James B. Clancy, Teresa L. Clancy, Casey Cooper, John B. Daniels, Greg Feddersen, Ada Gilson, Jerry Gilson, Kevin Heasley, Kelly Heasley, Bryan Johnson, Souhil Kherici, Andre Doguet & Kristina Landry, Plaintiffs, represented by Kevin Reeve Duck , Duck Law Firm, Richard C. Dalton , Richard C. Dalton LLC & Richard Collins Dalton , Richard C. Dalton, LLC.

Byron Borman, Plaintiff, pro se.

Karen Borman, Plaintiff, pro se.

Bachitter Chase, Plaintiff, pro se.

Kailash Chase, Plaintiff, pro se.

Tiffany Gomez, Plaintiff, represented by Joseph Z. Samo , Law Offices of Joseph Samo.

Hector H. Balderas, Plaintiff, represented by Adam J. Levitt , DiCello Levitt Gutzler LLC, Edmund S. Aronowitz , Aronowitz Law Firm PLLC, Jay W. Eisenhofer , Grant & Eisenhofer, P.A., Jeff A. Almeida , Grant and Eisenhofer P.A. & Kyle J. McGee , Grant and Eisenhofer P.A., pro hac vice.

Karen Miller & Caroline Reich-Sterman, Plaintiffs, represented by David John Farrell , Law Offices of David J. Farrell.

Mark Miller, Plaintiff, represented by David John Farrell , Law Offices of David J. Farrell, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Shana E. Scarlett , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Stuart M. Paynter , The Paynter Law Firm PLLC.

Jack Badget, Dolores Marchigiano, Roger Ashton, Carlos Casanova, Michael Cook, Noemi Delgado, Rob Dolan, Edward Kondik, Howard Mathues, Jose Moreno, Gina Moreno, Vance Prestwood, Hernan Rengifo, Lisa Salvati, Silvestre Savino, Marie Stock, Marjorie Williams, Jami Willis, Ozoma Erica Anaza, individually, and on behalf of all other members of the Florida and national classes, Marcello Balderrama, Ken Greenfield, Melissa Greenfield, Leroy Hunte, Jodell Johnson, Junetta Lane, John Murray, Bernadette Nestor, Thomas Nestor & Rayna Robinson, Plaintiffs, represented by Artice Lee McGraw , Artice L. McGraw, P.A., John Patrick Kuder , Sellers Skievaski Kuder LLP & Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA.

Brian Gibb, Krzysztof Kujawa, John Labudde, George Maya, Glenda Aleman, Gabriel Roca, Kevin Howard, Sara Howard, Stacie Huston, Brian Connors, Sharron Connors, Rochelle Durst Storts, Daniel Osborne, Elizabeth Osborne, Kristine Emiko Takeshita-Doty, Sung Bin Choi, Valeri Hardy, William Hardy, Paul Norman, Sue Mazingo, Allen Soper, Phyllis Soper, Vitaliy Alexeev, Rena Benz, Robert Benz, Victoria Estrina, Maria Aspriras, Art Soriano, Dennis Mitchell, Diane Mitchell, Theresa Vorgias Argueta, Richard Colman, Dorin Gutu, Zacharias Vorgias, Elisa Simeone, Gabriel White, Corene Barr, Richard Barr, Adam Creel, Felicia Fernandez, Regina Davis, Carey Gorgolinski, Prince Mercado, Randall Walker, Franklin Garcia & Leticia Garcia, Plaintiffs, represented by Ellen Ezelle Turnage , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart & Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Charles Hise, Jean Davis, Rick Loux, Joshua Lynch, Mark Owens, Frank Perendy, Nathan Schrupp & David Verschoor, Plaintiffs, represented by Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Robert L. Hyde , Hyde & Swigart.

Nichole Benson, Leah Summers & Kimberly K. Hendrick, Plaintiffs, represented by Earl Price Underwood, Jr. , Underwood & Riemer, PC, pro hac vice & Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart.

David W. Call & Daniel Pope, Plaintiffs, represented by Eugene Nelson Bolin, Jr. , Law Offices of Eugene N. Bolin, Jr., PS.

Paul Flynn, Julia M. Johnson, Sharon Zima & Debbie DeBusschere, Plaintiffs, represented by Bonner Charles Walsh , Walsh PLLC.

Syble Corey, James Schellentrager & Marguerite Schellentrager, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Bonner Charles Walsh , Walsh PLLC.

Joann Badget, Kenneth Sanchez, Tim Wilkins, Michael Ashley, Matthew Asper, Karen Aiello, Mark Allison, Jr., Leroy Anderson, Pam Beatty, Rockford Beegen, Harry Black, Monica Black, Darrell Blanchard, Carl Bowser, Adam Brown, Tracey Brown, Glen Butts, Cesar Calero, Nancy Compton, Barbara Edmiston, Carl Edmiston, Priscilla Fisher, Christopher Forgione, Kelli Forgione, Christine Garrett, Charles A. Gierhart, Carmen Gil, Sesar Gil, William Graham, Allen Harper, Carolina Howie, Robert Howie, Patricia Jamison-Brennan, John Jarriel, Edward Jones, Christina Sugars, Dale Taylor, Lana Taylor, Michael Waidila, Charles Watson, Joyce Watson, Oscar Kirk, Shirley Kirk, Gerald Kirkland, Shannon Kitson, Luke Lufkin, David Lundahl, Dawn Marsh, Hugh McCaffery, Rosie McDaniel, Antonio Milanesi, William McDaniel, Becky Cobb, Edward Cobb, Timothy Cole, Alicia Milanesi, Lucas Bozek, Donna Cole, Paul Morel, Ronald Doyle, Karen Jurkowich, Kim Morel, Susan Martinez, Scott Ashmore, Daniel Mattson, Roberta Mattson, Chad Meyers, Carol Speelman, Lauren Wyckoff, James Zukowski, Jaquiline Zukowski, John Bryan, Chase Meyers, Chip Meyers, Loretta Meyers, Cayce Holbrook, Richard Parker, Haris Turalic, Mirela Turalic, Anthony Volk, Britta Vitale, Donald Blair, Sharon Blair, Patrick Miner, Seth Mitchell, Bonnie Mitchell, Ronald Morgan, Pat Nease, Rebecca Norris, Charity O'Connell, John O'Connell, Ryan Pelletti, Gail Prestwood, Mark Robertson, Leah Robertson, Nickols Rousey, Robin Schinzing, Steve Shinzing, John R. Scoville, Hanna Sjoblom-Saldana, Donald Simpson, Krista Carmichael, Josh Hunter, Pam Pittman, William Pittman, David Kolodgie, Ruth Kolodgie, Dan Annis, Gay Annis, Mary Catherine Jones, Thomas F. Jones, Sandor Kadar, Bascomb Branson, Cleo Stephens, Ed Stephens, Ashraf Guindi, Charles Cassella, Thomas Hoover, Carlos Jimenez, George Mazuc, Rosemary Mazuc, Patricia Nease, Janice Sanborn, Maria Severeyn, Jeffrey Watson, Jennifer Wolgamott, Kenneth Greenfield, Leona Wreschner, William Feallock, Harold Hagen, Marie Hagen, Fred Pennington, Randy Stice, William D. Boggs, Mark Theodosis & William E. Boggs, Plaintiffs, represented by Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA.

Bryan Gunderson, Joel Sticha, Larry Arguello, Tara Arguello, Myriam Noubleau, Ricardo Noubleau, Robb Doser, Christina Kedrowski & Steven Kedrowski, Plaintiffs, represented by Daniel J. Brennan , Gadtke & Brennan, P.A. & Todd E. Gadtke , Gadkte Law Firm, P.A., pro hac vice.

Karly Werner, Plaintiff, represented by Todd S. Werner , Carlson Caspers Vandenburgh Lindquist & Schuman PA.

Todd S. Werner, Plaintiff, pro se.

Douglas Weekes, Katherine Hinderscheid & George Lessard, Plaintiffs, represented by Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Robert L. Hyde , Hyde & Swigart & Seyed Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Philip R. Schertz, Plaintiff, pro se.

Charlotte M. Donohue, Jack L. Donohue & Cera Connaughy, Plaintiffs, represented by Deanna Marie Wallace , Law Offices of William R. McGee, Kenneth B. Alexander , Attorney at Law & Kevin A. Alexander, II , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Shawn Erb, Plaintiff, pro se.

Julie Higgins, Plaintiff, represented by Gregory Todd Higgins .

Dolores Zadikian & Raffi Zadikian, Plaintiffs, represented by Kevin A. Alexander, II , Law Offices of William R. McGee & William Robert McGee , Law Offices of William R. McGee.

Robert Parker, Plaintiff, represented by Kevin Reeve Duck , Duck Law Firm, Richard Collins Dalton , Richard C. Dalton, LLC & Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA.

Mark Peacock, Douglas Wolgamott, Betsy Opyt & Hazel Hinds, Plaintiffs, represented by Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart & Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA.

Howard Smith, Herbert King & Clyde Smith, Plaintiffs, represented by James G. Onder , Onder Law Firm, Michael J. Quillin , Onder, Shelton, O'Leary & Peterson, LLC. & William Lewis Garrison, Jr. , Heninger Garrison Davis, LLC.

Frank Salz, Plaintiff, pro se.

Brenda Robinson, Regina Flores, Dr Jerome Helman, Justin Burnett, Lisa Stark, Daniel Wolfberg, Christin Leon & Joseph Leon, Plaintiffs, represented by Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Ellen Ezelle Turnage , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Seyed Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Fauna Ell, Walter Ell, David Arena, David Badger, Elaine Badger, Ashley Bean, Kyle Bean, Nina Cook, Jonathan Epstein, Richard Harris, Patricia Ihnat, John Blankership, Jeffrey Lancial, Crystal Nelson, Jeremy Stowe, Casey Teeters, Tiana Teeters, Rodney Kelly, Dave Klug, Andreas Koulouris, Jennifer Shawn, Sherill Jerman, Mitch Ripke, Mary Smith, Luke Young & John Jerman, Plaintiffs, represented by Tim A. Quenelle , Tim Quenelle PC.

Craig Rochette, Yasmin Rochette, Marco Armenta & Jenette Dobrinski, Plaintiffs, represented by David J. McGlothlin , Hyde & Swigart, David James McGlothlin , Hyde & Swigart & Ryan Lee McBride , Kazerouni Law Group.

David Dunbeck, Karen Dunbeck, Lance Lowrie, Joshua Randall, Michael Hinrichs, Glenn Jones, Uleeta Jones, Gaelen Poage & Larry Wilde, Plaintiffs, represented by Joshua Swigart , Hyde & Swigart & Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart.

People of the State of California, Plaintiff, represented by Amos Erik Hartston , California Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General, David Alexander Zonana , California Department of Justice, Jon F. Worm , Office of the Attorney General, Judith Aurora Yosepha Fiorentini , Office of the Attorney General, Laurel Carnes , Office of the Attorney General, Nicklas A. Akers , California Department of Justice & William Raabe Pletcher , California Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General.

Julianne Anderson, Denise Boyer, Richard Callas, Gerald Carr, Allen Corkill, Frank Dulin, John Cordner, Afton Jennings, Luke Jennings, Tony Jerome, Kenton Kimble, Melanie Larson, Dennis Lower, Sherrill Maddox, Vincent Pacheco, Rodney Rodrick, Elane Sibal, Jacob Carlson & Michael Washechek, Plaintiffs, represented by Gregory Thomas Skikos , Skikos, Crawford, Skikos & Joseph, Jason Edward Ochs , Ochs Law Firm PC, Melissa Erin Mielke , Skikos, Crawford, Skikos, and Joseph, LLP & Steven James Skikos , Skikos, Crawford, Skikos & Joseph.

Jing Labudde, Plaintiff, represented by Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart & Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Jesse Fisher, Cynthia Williams, A. Medical Professional Corporation, Cynthia Williams, A Medical Professional Corporation & Gary D. Johnston, Plaintiffs, represented by Ellen Ezelle Turnage , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Edris Klucher, Thomas Klucher, Sarah Gieszl, Karen Antelmi, Mark Hayden, Gloria Landers, Warde Nichols, Yaakov Zohar, Wayne Brueckner, Lorianne Cochran, Justin Bingham, Kyla Ocedgueda-Harvey, Oswin Spohr, Susana Probyn, Karen Smith, Michael Smith, Christopher Theut & Sandra Gaston, Plaintiffs, represented by David James McGlothlin , Hyde & Swigart & Ryan Lee McBride , Kazerouni Law Group.

Danny M. Pounds, Plaintiff, represented by Earl Price Underwood, Jr. , Underwood & Riemer, PC, pro hac vice & Earl Price Underwood, Jr. , Underwood & Riemer, PC.

Harold Louis Weiser, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by Mark R. McLean , McLeanLaw PC, Neema Amini , Amini and Conant, LLP & Ray Elliott Beck, Jr. , Amini and Conant LLP.

Thane Walker Tienson, Plaintiff, pro se.

Joseph Hansen, Plaintiff, represented by Alexander Wyatt Wright , Wayne Wright LLP.

Ricky Crouchet & Janmarie Homrich, Plaintiffs, represented by Jennifer L. Crose , Becnel Law Firm, LLC, Matthew Benjamin Moreland , Jim S. Hall & Associates, LLC, Mekel Smith Alvarez , Morris Bart, LLC, Morris Bart, III , Morris Bart, LLC & Salvadore Christina, Jr. , Becnel Law Firm LLC.

Timothy S. Fitzpatrick, Plaintiff, represented by Elizabeth Joan Cabraser , Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP & Jesse Zachary Weiss , Hohmann, Brophy and Shelton, PLLC.

Joseph James Berrigan, Plaintiff, pro se.

Timothy J. Flanagan, Plaintiff, pro se.

Cole B. Combs, Plaintiff, represented by Richard R. Burroughs , Attorneys At Law.

Gary Bradford, Plaintiff, pro se.

Ila Caraway, Joseph J. Gillespie, James Johnson, Joanna Johnson, Walter Andrew, Sheila Aymond, Jennifer Burton, Brian Deshotels, Joshua Hess, Beverly H. Parker, Ryan Sharif, David E. Slater, John R. Stevenson, Larry Taylor, Sonya Taylor, Theodore Vincent & John Wager, Plaintiffs, represented by Kevin Reeve Duck , Duck Law Firm & Richard C. Dalton , Richard C. Dalton LLC.

Miguel Lopez Garcia, David Smith, John Burkhardt & Leanne Smith, Plaintiffs, represented by Richard C. Dalton , Richard C. Dalton LLC.

Joe Moore, Sr., Plaintiff, pro se.

Misty McRae, Thomas Ray Nevels, Tina Marie Nevels, Karina Arabolaza, Robert Alvarado, Sagrario Baecker, Peter E. Bippart, Holly Blaylock, Larry Blaylock, Gurjant Singh Brar, David Brookwell, Henry Chiu, Richard Clompus, Saloman H. Cortes, Carmel Crane, Jeffrey C. Eaton, Hollie Ellington, Jeff Ellington, Sean Fisher, Dr. Debra Gillis, Hugh J. Hardman, Kathryn M. Hartman, Robert E. Holaday, Scotty J. Hunziker, David Immethun, Norman L.l Jenkins, Harpreet Singh Jhatu, Jennifer Jackson, Ryan Jackson, Mary McNally, WIilliam McNally, Michael McCarver, Jayne Montarbo, Laura Mossler, Scott Mossler, David Niebuhr, Thomas Owsley, Anthony D. Ortega, Christine Niebuhr, Christina Paez, Phillip Paez, Torrey Paez, Constance Parker, Theodore S. Parada, Jerry Parker, Jason Patterson, Billy Penix, Vera A. Rodriguez, Galen Sack, William Shaffer, Aaron Stewart, Christopher Trefil, Matt Phuoc Trinh, Luis A. Torres, John R. Trounce, Kathleen Trounce, Niesha Trout, Angelina Ullberg, Gerald Valente, Lucille Valente, Reynaldo Villalobos, Carmen Villalobos, Hector Ybarra, James Zoetewey, Sharon Zoetewey, Steve Kim, Robert Maciel, Michael E. Magamez, Andrea Messenger, Billy Messenger, Kellie Nelson, Christopher Nelson, Gerald Norman, Randy Patterson, Lorraine S. Pedder, Kevin T. Reynolds, Colene King, Corry Rung, Brandon Self, Patricia Solano, Carolyn Stahlecker, Matt Stahlecker, Jose Solano, Dawn L. Stewart, Nancy L. Strebeigh, Peter M. Strebeigh, Jay Talbot, Julie Terry, James Terry, Craig L. Thomas, Christopher E. Tilton, Tip R. Tilton, Paul Mark Thomas, Clara L. Thomas, Mark N. Zanides, Christopher Adamson, Albert Anaya, Robert P. Bradshaw, Rachelle Brown, Alicia Cain, Matthew Cain, Julie Collins, Wayne Collins, Richard Galanos, Megan Hayes, Scotty Hunziker, Kelly Jones, Mark Lane, Kajace Luzaj, Ndricim Luzaj, Victor Sarumian, Georgia Albano, Joseph Albano, Petra Berg, Kuldip Sooch, Matthew Stahlecker, Timothy Toomay, James L. Wade, Ryan Whitehead, Sigmar Berg, Mark Clemens, Alan R. Daniels, Michael Derderian, Daniel Eisenring, Michael Hathaway, Robert D. Hillshafer, Suzanne Hillshafer, Sharon Johnson, Daniel A. Lenhart, Essam Metwally, Bart Naughton, Donna Naughton, Herminia R. Pierce, Robert A. Saari, Alvaro Samayoa, Jr., Danette D. Silva, Laura Sturr, Rolf Uitzetter, Jon Zernickow, Sandi Zernickow, Mark Aldrete, Matthew Barnes, Thomas G. Patzau, John Rohan & Gus Stratton, Plaintiffs, represented by Richard C. Dalton , Richard C. Dalton LLC & Richard Collins Dalton , Richard C. Dalton, LLC.

Gay Bradford, Plaintiff, pro se.

Kay E. Jackson, Larry D. Jackson, Duncan B. Borland, Marie D. Martin, Rose Tidwell, Rick Weithas, Justin A. Foote & Sarah H. Foote, Plaintiffs, represented by Danielle R. Beauvais , Beauvais Law Firm, LLC.

Steven Racine, Plaintiff, represented by Dani K. Liblang , Liblang Assoc.

Darren Apfel, Plaintiff, represented by Michael David Myers , Myers & Company, P.L.L.C., pro hac vice.

Michelle Casanova, Carlos DeJesus, April Exline, Herbert Wreschner & Jennifer Barry, Plaintiffs, represented by Artice Lee McGraw , Artice L. McGraw, P.A., John Patrick Kuder , Sellers Skievaski Kuder LLP, Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart & Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA.

BRS, Plaintiff, represented by Jeffrey Dubbin , Labaton Sucharow LLP, Daniel Jack Veroff , Merlin Law Group & James Matthew Wagstaffe , Wagstaffe, von Loewenfeldt, Busch & Radwick LLP.

Robin L. Swanson, Timothy S. Swanson, Robert S. Quinley, Jonathon McLeod, Shelia McLeod, James Harris, Lewel Bradley, David H. Morrison & Linda Morrison, Plaintiffs, represented by Earl Price Underwood, Jr. , Underwood & Riemer, PC & Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart.

Briton Hill, Plaintiff, represented by Bradley W. Bowen , Strong & Hanni.

William Dettman, Plaintiff, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Robert Gordon Padrick , Law Offices of Robert G. Padrick, A. PLC.

Carol Teger, Aaron Sturges-Melby & Corinne Holloway, Plaintiffs, represented by Todd Michael Friedman , Law Offices of Todd M. Friedman, P.C.

Dominic Anthony Paranzino & Stanley E. Cios, Jr., Plaintiffs, represented by Robert Rapkin , Kimmel & SIlverman PC.

Jeremiah Jamison, Nona Gladbach, Holly Lehmann, David Harvey & Jerry Zunich, Plaintiffs, represented by Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart, Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Seyed Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Tonia Paguyo, Steven Rivera, Linda Hill, Cody Mumma, Almir Omerovic, Dzenan Omerovic, Jack Allison, Robert Geist, Ashley Norton, John Norton, Cory Vann, Joseph Cione, Pamela Cione, Jon Setina & Elizabeth Franke Vann, Plaintiffs, represented by Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart.

Moss Bros Volkswagen, Murrieta Volkswagen, Riverside Volkswagen & Alant Corporation, a California Corporation, doing business as Circle Audi, Plaintiffs, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Elizabeth L. Azrael & Matthew H. Azrael, Plaintiffs, represented by Jonathan A. Azrael , Azrael Franz Schwab and Lipowitz LLC.

Monica M. Leid & Marc Wirig, Plaintiffs, represented by Elizabeth Mcdowell Burlington , Burlington & Young & Nevin L. Young , Burlington & Young, LLP.

Sherry Conner, Wayne L. Rector & Curt Wiethuchter, Plaintiffs, represented by John J. Driscoll , The Driscoll Firm, P.C., Philip Sholtz , The Driscoll Firm, P.C. & Robert C. Hilliard , Hilliard & Shadowen LLP.

Crystal Patterson, Plaintiff, represented by Philip Sholtz , The Driscoll Firm, P.C. & Robert C. Hilliard , Hilliard & Shadowen LLP.

Robert A. Benton, Craig Berg, Arthur E. Harris, John L. LaFoy, Jeff Rehder, Jessica M. Walker & Leslie A. Waterman, Plaintiffs, represented by John J. Driscoll , The Driscoll Firm, P.C., Marion M. Reilly , Hilliard Munoz Gonzales LLP, Philip Sholtz , The Driscoll Firm, P.C. & Robert C. Hilliard , Hilliard & Shadowen LLP.

Gary Zelazny, Plaintiff, pro se.

Theresa Zelazny, Plaintiff, pro se.

Jenna Kennedy, Plaintiff, pro se.

Ryan Kennedy, Plaintiff, pro se.

Adina Castelli, Nicole Combs, Ryan Huddleston, Kathleen Wallace, Suzann Barhanovich, Michelle Hariel, Benjamin Marsh, Ron Smedley, Scottie Cooper, Lisa Crawford, Benjamin Fruin, Taarna Hopkins, George Jackson, Frank Jakubik, Kevin McCullough, Robert Moore, Michael Ogles, Darryl Rhude, Tammy Segarra & Ross Teemant, Plaintiffs, represented by Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C.

Richard Monaghan, Tommy Sutton, Jennifer Early, Lee Ann McElroy, Audrey Warren & Pam Marroquin, Plaintiffs, represented by Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Winston Moore, Martin Urban & Beverly Cheek, Plaintiffs, represented by Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Craig Madison Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C.

David Chase Kincannon, Plaintiff, represented by Mark R. McLean , McLeanLaw PC, Neema Amini , Amini and Conant, LLP, Ray Elliott Beck, Jr. , Amini and Conant LLP & Roger Alex Conant , Amini and Conant LLP.

Attorney General Andy Beshear, Plaintiff, pro se.

Jay Rothman, Plaintiff, represented by Amy L. Hajduk , Law Offices of Robert Mobasseri PC, David Alan Cooper , David Alan Cooper Law Offices & Robert B. Mobasseri , Law Offices of Robert B. Mobasseri, P.C.

Gerald Williams, Plaintiff, represented by Ellen Ezelle Turnage , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart.

Versie Adams, Jr., Dave Clegg, Dylan Todd, Manuel Gurule, Hinger Pacheco, Mary Pacheco & Emily Todd, Plaintiffs, represented by Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Holly Reed, Cynthia Barahona, Ivrii Babak, Colleen Settle, Robert Stein, Kathryn White, Martha Friedl, Alicia Barney, Perry Singleton, Cyndal Clark, Asa Debuck, Heather Debuck & Mariamne Schulte, Plaintiffs, represented by Alexander Simanovsky , Alex Simanovsky and Associates, LLC & Zachary Case Meeks , Alex Simanovsky & Associates, LLC.

Jimmie Banks, Mark Blomberg, Oliver Guerrero, Brandon Habrecht, Leslie Harvey, Kevin Lear, Gloria Hernandez, Kelcy Johnson, Brenda Linam, Terry Longoria, Heather Miller, Richard Ovalle, Alexander Hernandez, Travis Prince, James Scotch & Monica Villareal, Plaintiffs, represented by Sambar Kumar Mukerji , Mukerji Law Firm, PC.

Paul LeBlanc, Kelly Randall, Kimberly Hinrichs & Paul Robert Blankenship, Plaintiffs, represented by Joshua Swigart , Hyde & Swigart.

Jean Paul Walker, Plaintiff, represented by Ellen Ezelle Turnage , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Seyed Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Marie Walker, Plaintiff, represented by Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Ellen Ezelle Turnage , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart & Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Danielle Trumbo & Gary Trumbo, Plaintiffs, represented by James S. Kostas , Kostas Law Firm.

Alex Gonzalez, Plaintiff, represented by Ellen Ezelle Turnage , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart, Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerounian Law Group, APC, Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Matthew T. Kennedy , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Leslie Dey, Plaintiff, represented by William Francis Wraith , Attorney at Law.

Gregory Ackers, Plaintiff, pro se.

Autoport, LLC, Plaintiff, pro se.

J. Bertolet, Inc., Plaintiff, represented by Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice, Catherine Gannon , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice, Jerrod C. Patterson , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro, pro hac vice, Richard Niel Sox, Jr. , Bass Sox Mercer, Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP & William Kirby Bissell , Bass Sox Mercer.

Jamie Lee Fessenden & Nikhil David Hankins, Plaintiffs, represented by Michael W. Flanigan , Flanigan & Bataille.

Oleg Yarin, Plaintiff, pro se.

Joan Kehl, Kenneth Fox, Jeremiah Aukerman & Yu Tseng, Plaintiffs, represented by Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Seyed Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Lawrence Kehl & Helen Fox, Plaintiffs, represented by Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Seyed Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Kate G. Sullivan, Plaintiff, pro se.

Basem Boutros, Plaintiff, represented by Michael Scott Humphries , Law Office of Michael S. Humphries.

HFP, LTD, Roger Hogan & Hogan-GFB, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Claremont Volkswagen, Plaintiffs, represented by James T. Jackson , Merhab Robinson Jackson Clarkson & Jessica Ann Crabbe , Merhab Robinson Jackson Clarkson.

Tori Partl, Plaintiff, represented by Bryan Ethan Brody , Brody and Cornwell, pro hac vice.

Daniel Rickenmann, Plaintiff, represented by James Edward Brogdon, III , Gallivan White and Boyd.

Timothy Dale McKinzie, Plaintiff, pro se.

Timothy D. McKinzie, Plaintiff, represented by Vincent E. Sawyer, IV , McKinzie & Associates.

Adam Berger, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew J. Marton , Child and Marton LLP & Yi Yang , Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP.

Glen Hark, Tiffany Michelle Nesson, Igor Sushko & Sophia S. Hightower, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Mark D. O'Connor , O'Connor & Mikhov LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Giovanni Mazzei & Domenick Stampone, Plaintiffs, represented by Vincenzo Stampone .

Kenneth Borrelli, Plaintiff, represented by Michael Douglas Power , Power And Associates, P.C.

Dawn Patterson, Plaintiff, represented by Jason L. Greshes , Kimmel & Silverman, PC & Robert M. Silverman , Kimmel & Silverman, PC.

Kameel S. Abbasi, Plaintiff, represented by Eric Reed Nowak , Harrell & Nowak, LLC, pro hac vice & Shirin E. Harrell , Harrell & Nowak, LLC.

Raymond Krein, Plaintiff, pro se.

Dan Bailey, Kimberly Bailey, Kelly Foley, Michelle Hanley, Joseph Harrington, Shawn Holmes, Reva Pendelton, Robert Salcetti, Steven Wainio & Andrew Williams, Plaintiffs, represented by Jeffrey R. Hill , Jeffrey R. Hill, P.C.

William D. Platt, Plaintiff, represented by William T. Moore .

Heather Adcock, Plaintiff, pro se.

Yolanda Baldares, Matthew Borkowski, Richard Caldwell, Carlos Falcon, Darrell Gregg, Charles Harrell, Bryan Larson, Miguel Lopez, Sabrina L. Rodriguez, Juan C. Salinas, Robert Schmidt, Cleve B. Singleton, Barbara Stone, Roy Tubesing, Janet Larson, Linda Tubesing, Dan Brubaker, Stephen Chancellor, Olegario Conde, Patricia Cox, Leslie Shane Daniel, Anna Emilia-Hollett, Gervonda Jones, Pat Kreineer, Eddie Lease, Amanda Mazzara, Genoveva Medina, Jeremy Padgett, Rebecca Peace, Jason Powell, Joshua Rollins, Ty Saye, Sherrie A. Smith, Reina Taparan, Frank Theser, Groshonda Jones, Jessie Lease, Audra Gates, Miselehl Rollins, Michelle Saye, Sandy Theser, Franklin Randolph, Glenn Edwards, Ralph Gladwin, Charles Huebel, Rodrigo Lara, Manuel Mata, Diego Naranjo, Stephanie Naranjo, Zack Ohler, Sanjay Patel, Justin Peno, Christopher Ramirez, Jessica Villegas Ramirez, Joe Richardson, III, Blanca Soto, Peggy Wager & Helen Wuaku, Plaintiffs, represented by Kevin Reeve Duck , Duck Law Firm & Richard Collins Dalton , Richard C. Dalton, LLC.

Ida Louise Brady, Plaintiff, pro se.

Ediberto Delgado, Plaintiff, pro se.

Edward Oregbesan, Plaintiff, pro se.

Glenda Prager, Plaintiff, pro se.

Wuilfredo Romero, Plaintiff, pro se.

Tamesha Oregbesan, Plaintiff, pro se.

Jose Curiel, Plaintiff, represented by Brian Kelly Cline , The Law Office of Robert J. Pecora, Jeffrey Orville Moses , Cline APC & Robert J. Pecora , Robert Pecora Law Offices.

Harold Belton, Angela Brown & Samuel Brown, Plaintiffs, represented by Alexander Simanovsky , Alex Simanovsky and Associates, LLC & Leonard Lee D. Brooks, III , Lee Brooks Law PC.

Shawn Hale, Gerald McCall & Steve Turner, Plaintiffs, represented by Leonard Lee D. Brooks, III , Lee Brooks Law PC.

Richard D. Lansidel, Ernest Earl Maulsby, Paula Christine Maulsby, Darlene L. McGowan & Teresa E. Carle, Plaintiffs, represented by Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Eugenia Amador & Paul Joachimczyk, Plaintiffs, represented by David Seabold Casey, Jr. , Casey Gerry Schenk Francavilla Blatt & Penfield LLP, Jeffrey Greg Lewis , Keller Rohrback L.L.P. & Lesley Elizabeth Weaver , Bleichmar Fonti & Auld LLP.

Charlene Hartenstein, Kevin Burke, Bailey Glenn, Sherlayne Glenn & Michelle Pennings, Plaintiffs, represented by David L. Herman , Rosner, Barry and Babbitt, LLP & Hallen David Rosner , Rosner, Barry & Babbitt, LLP.

State of Oklahoma, Plaintiff, represented by Richard D. McCune, Jr. , McCune Wright Arevalo, LLP.

Jean Alford, Kendall Allen, Marissa Allen, Kelly Babineau, David L. Blakely, George Bognar, Betty Carroll, Kevin Casci, Petra Casci, Veronica Chacon, Wanda Clark, Frederick Descovich, Melanie Descovich, Rene Descovich, Jane Dolan, Gerald Drobney, William Fingerson, Duane M. Fitzpatrick, David Fox, Kayla Fox, Roger Fujii, David Goslee, Chris Gubler, Karen Gunderson, David Hill, Walter Imboden, Russell Martin James, Greg Komoto, Keithette Laughton, Jay Lee, Jean Leon, Scott Leonard, Vicki Lorini, Yael Magal, Randall Malmgren, Tamara Morgan, Suzanne Perrault, Nancy Pheatt, Dennis Phillips, Sherry Phillips, Debra Price, Robert Price, Atiq Rahman, Ashley Ramsey, Elizabeth Ratkovich, Jeremy Smith, Jack Surritt, Mary Lou Surritt, Sharon Usher, Carlos Velazquez, Pam Voight, Heather Voigt, Brenda Watts, Ian Watts, Kimberly West, Louis Woodard & Karolina Zeldag, Plaintiffs, represented by Raymond Parker White , Poswall, White and Brelsford.

Gary Wright, Plaintiff, represented by Raymond Parker White , Poswall, White and Brelsford, Richard C. Dalton , Richard C. Dalton LLC & Richard Collins Dalton , Richard C. Dalton, LLC.

Eric Jensen, Plaintiff, represented by Brian Kelly Cline , The Law Office of Robert J. Pecora & Jeffrey Orville Moses , Cline APC.

James H. Zink, Plaintiff, represented by Brian T. Giles & Bryce A. Lenox , Giles & Lenox LLC.

Michelle Areyzaga, Jeffrey Gilmore, Nicole Griesenauer, Mark Nichols, Victor Ruben, Timothy Tucker & Darrell Tuttle, Plaintiffs, represented by Jason Bryant McGary , Strong Law Offices.

Charles Kert Leblanc, Plaintiff, represented by Eric Reed Nowak , Harrell & Nowak, LLC & Shirin E. Harrell , Harrell & Nowak, LLC.

John Kiehlmeier, Plaintiff, represented by Timothy John Abeel, Jr. , Timothy J. Abeel & Associates, P.C.

Carolyn Rash, Plaintiff, pro se.

Wayne Rash, Jr., Plaintiff, pro se.

The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency & State of Minnesota, by its Attorney General Lori Swanson, Plaintiffs, represented by Katherine Kelly , Office of the Attorney General.

Monica L. Herriott, William J. Herriott, Jr., Maureen A. Powers, James E. Cacciatore, Josephine Cacciatore, Carl Joseph Pasqua & Sheila Marie Pasqua, Plaintiffs, represented by Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Lauren Andrea Ungs , Knight Law Group LLP, Mark D. O'Connor , O'Connor & Mikhov LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Lee Bull, Robin Gutzler, Jamie Sheller & Dae Sob Yoon, Plaintiffs, represented by Bryan L. Bleichner , Chestnut Cambronne PA & Mark A. DiCello , The DiCello Law Firm.

Lawrence Edward Grisham, Jr, Plaintiff, represented by James W. Fayssoux, Jr. , Fayssoux Law Firm, Jodi Westbrook Flowers , Motley Rice LLC, Joseph F. Rice , Motley Rice LLC, pro hac vice & Kevin R. Dean , Motley Rice, LLC.

Melanie Apodaca, Andrea Colvin & Mr. John Donich, Plaintiffs, represented by Jason Scott Leiker , Levy Craig Law Firm.

Keith Greenfield & Paul Sherry, Plaintiffs, represented by Kristen A. Johnson , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Daniel White, Plaintiff, represented by Brian J. Robbins , Robbins Arroyo LLP, Kevin Andrew Seely , Robbins Arroyo LLP, Leonid Kandinov , Robbins Arroyo LLP, Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Ernest Alvarez, Plaintiff, represented by Kara M. Wolke , Glancy Prongay & Murray LLP, Lionel Z. Glancy , Glancy Prongay & Murray LLP, Marc Lawrence Godino , Glancy Prongay & Murray LLP, Quentin Alexandre Roberts , Levi & Korsinsky LLP & Rosemary M. Rivas , Levi & Korsinsky LLP.

Cameron Platt, Plaintiff, represented by Bethany Caracuzzo , Pritzker Levine LLP, Elizabeth Cheryl Pritzker , Pritzker Levine LLP & Jonathan Krasne Levine , Pritzker Levine, LLP.

Juan Carlos Ayala Montes, Plaintiff, represented by Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Mark D. O'Connor , O'Connor & Mikhov LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Manuel A. Reyes, Plaintiff, represented by Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP, Amy Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Timothy E. Reaves, Plaintiff, represented by Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP, Amy Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Daniel T. Stanton, Plaintiff, represented by Crystal D. Pulley , McClure, McClure & Davis & Susan J. McGinty , McClure, McClure & Davis.

Diana Carballar, Jerry W. Waymire, John C. Morrison, Ernest A. Hauser, Don Norbert Johnson, John Harry Kunze & Stephen M. Laub, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

John S. Favor, Pamela L. Waymire, Deborah A. Cooper, Douglas L. Cooper, Matthew C. Redman, Maria Rossing, Reza Zagheri, Elizabeth B. Pires, Ramiro Estenssoro, Gabriela Angulo-Zevallos, Margarita V. Rios, Roberto Rios, Ramiro G. Estenssoro, Will D. Mitchell, Edward John Kelsey, Dorothy Janowicz, James A. Dixon, Janet Orquiola Kunze, Joy Y. Waltman, John Frech, Samuel McDermott, Allan Trane, Frank H. Trane & Samira Sadeghi, Plaintiffs, represented by Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Mark D. O'Connor , O'Connor & Mikhov LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Levana Fraval, Plaintiff, represented by Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Lauren Andrea Ungs , Knight Law Group LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Miami Police Relief and Pension Fund, Plaintiff, represented by James A. Harrod , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP, Kate Whitman Aufses , Bernstein Litowitz Berger Grossmann LLP & Niki L. Mendoza , Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP.

Zemka Isakovic, Donald Durkee, Jr., Nicole Berryhill, Josefa Castillon-Aguilar, Michelle Dark, Phillip Dark, Randall Harrah, Jeb Stuart James DDS Inc, Ryan Knight, Michael E. Koenig, Anna M. Koenig, Mary McGrane, Salvadore Villegas Ramos, Darla Reasner-Bennett, Paul Salazar, Mitchell Salzberg & Jennifer Wilkinson, Plaintiffs, represented by Richard Collins Dalton , Richard C. Dalton, LLC.

Eugene Alfaro, Ari Chazanas, Martha Dzioba, Janet Hall, Cynthia Kasper, Michael Koh, Ralph Meyer, Preston Mitchell, David Neyfield, Tomm Nguyen, Jeffie Garcia, Greg Reed, Larry Siegel, Mary Allen, Pete Allen, Donna Baker, C. W. Garrett, Max Koby, John McKinney, Daniel Morgan, Terrance Powe, Steve Womble, Nadeem Baste, Christopher Bernicky, Kathleen Bernicky, Michael Bill, David Cowan, Rhett Farrior, Jason Fleissner, Jamie Haley, Douglas Whitmore, Sharon Bill, Walt DeArmitt, Andrew DeYoung, Lonzell Kidd, Richard Perry, Mathew Scott, Tamara Scott, Nalan Turan, Yucel Turan, Mary Barnes, Harry Baum, Jerry Caruso, Kenneth Cunningham, Connie Jones, Grant Jones, Scott Ravis, John Saksa, Keith Vickers, James Harrington, Georges Jabaly, Corrisa Lake, Christopher Lyons, Jack Lyons, Joshua Petrusko, Kraig Solak, Eduardo Venegas, Brandon Blondheim, Josh Feehan, Bob Kollins, Parker Manning, Chaylan Maxwell, Cherilyn Maxwell, Dan Sutherin, Larry Thrall, Brett Alvey, Neil Bernstein, Eldon Eliason, Christopher Sheard, Yotam Benami, Catherine Castro, Michael Castro, Emerald Greig, Eddie Higgins, David Lupo, Susan Lupo, Robert Plous, Pavel Antseliovch, Leslie Cohen, Michael Gilburd, Peter Kreymerman, Chiahan Lee, Michael Medeiros, Daniel Nascarella, Vasile Pop, Jeffrey Ullman, Leo Blais, Joseph Ceravone, Sam Eisner, Timothy Giguere, Camilla Medeiros, Andrew Messina, Radhy Pena, Doren Perruccio, Howard Weisman, Walter Alvarado, Cathy Carpenter, Stephen Courson, Charles DeSanti, Pamela Deane, Michael Field, Lenice Graham, Phillis MacDonald, Rob Quish, Scott Ragaglia, Zalman Bacheikov, John Cornell, Judith Cornell, John Dahdouh, Latarsha Mapp, Ana Martinez, Sharon McDuffie, Steve Perrigo, Steven Ritz, David Silver, Patricia Vega, Timothy White, Jonathan Carroll, Jill Kantor, David Linginski, Ernesto Pozo, Maria Pozo, Patrick Roark, Jaime Valencia, Jamie Webster, Frederick Wenham, Pam West, Valerie Zinna, Marc Zipper, Alexander Bahadori, Jacqueline Barnett, Tamara Boughter, Peter Fanous, Maria Lopez, Bradley Retherford, Stanley Silber, Allan Sokol, Karen Whittaker, Warren Whittaker, Randy Wolters, Lisa Adair, John Anderson, Ben Donnelly, Marc Friedman, Lorraine Hixson, Oliver Jenkins, Seymour Kantor, David Lozier, LJ Mahon, Patricia Prodesky, Timothy Reed, Edward Rodriguez, Joseph Sloboda, Jason Andis, Rodiana Andis, James Burke, Susan Burke, Angelina Fearn, Patricia Gonzalez, Matthew Jacocks, Gregory Otto, April Sharp, Kimberly Shorette, Thaddeus Shorette, Matthew Wallace, Kyle Adams, Cody Campbell, Darrel Cherry, Adam Emo, Chris Falk, Vincent Farha, Michael Kavanaugh, Ronald Simon, Lisa Smith, Kyle Wild, Karl Wulf, Deandre Allen, Alfred Chilampath, Brett Dunne, Jared Grunig, Martin Johnson, Daniel Kaplan, Marc Klementowski, LeJuan Moffatt, Larthonia Redden, Khosrow Samadani, Robert Slochover, Helaine Worrell, Armando DeSousa, Michael Digiuseppi, Jimmy Georgilis, William Hallett, Yvette Hinds, Fahrudin (Frank) Omerovic, Ricardo Santos, Martin Schwartz, Alex Silverman, Ekaterini Tsirkas, Jeffrey Vanefsky, Gary DellAbate, David Elkouby, Niclas Erhardt, David Gleason, Sorell Gramada, Brad Green, Robert Loiselle, Robin Meshonek, Robert Sheehan, Eriz Yellinek, Vincent Batson, Joseph Del Sesto, Iouda Enapay, Debra Hines, Melvin Hines, Dennis Jenkins, Denis Martin, Michael Rogers, Jim Vaughn, Ronald Ward, Donna Field, Timothy Kuhlman, Jacob Moreno, Jessica Neal, Ronald Nemke, Ken Szafranski, Lance Wilson, Maritza Wulf, Carlos Abreu, Chris Bartolomeo, Hank Clemmons, Scott Cooper, Rod Egdorf, John Hejtmanek, Sandra Hopkins, Thomas Hunter, Josephine Kernozek, Steven Marshalek, Denise Menichiello, Martin Menichiello, Lucy Milivojevic, Michelle Morse, Vince Morse, Dexter Myers, Nan Cheng Newman, Melanie Primeaux, Karl Schonian, Andrew Stein, Daneng Xiong, Helen Yniguez, Humberto Yniguez, Rosita Brennan, Matthew Newman, Gregg Primeaux, Bill Weiss, Hassan Aljuaid, Steve Calderoni, Kenvir Dixon, Karen Gladstone, Kelli Kirkland, Kristen Powell Rock, Rick Rock, Mark Simpson, Rickey Studdard, Studdard Construction, Derrick Dobbin, Michael England, Michelle England, Jason Hansen, James Ladd, Lela Ladd, Edward Marchand, Brigitte Marchang, Greg Martinez, Steven Martinez, Jay McCutchan, Roger Battacharia, Karen Christian, Lee Couture, Tom Goosmann, Frank McRobbie, Michael O'Rourke, Karen Wishart, Thor Wishart, Harriet Berger, Scott Berger, Michael Borgailo, Richard Brilhante, Jimmy Clark, Rachel Cody, Gerald Cole, Graham Franklin, Michael Franklin, Karen Ganovsky, Matt Ganovsky, Adam Jackson, Arthur Jacoby, Melissa Kukk, Andrew Ladores, Dean Newhard, Ramon Ozambela, Danielle Rathert, Paul Rathert, Aurelio Reyes, Eric Schilling, Joel Uptmor, Scott Weinberg, Margaret Willoughby, William Willoughby, Donald Clay, Todd Creek, Margaret Dean, Jack Duffard, Kyle Graham, Mark Hodge, Sean Muniz, David Sloane, Lyndon Wilson, Keira Bobo, Kenneth Caldwell, Jacqueline Davis, Edward Hanson, Pamela Hertz, Catherine Hyde, Alan Mintz, Judie Mintz, Blane Mire, Sheila Powell, Michael Assile, Ashraful Aziz, Stephanie Basile, Monica Gisetto, Ryan Gisetto, Scott Nielson, Andrew Oh, Derrick Penney, Sheldon Rayman, Katherine Tait, Thomas Tait, Jeff Basile, Nathalie Basile, Steve Borne, Howard Bregman, Andre Brooks, Stuart Cassel, Peter Chang, Rajni Choksi, Suzanne Dill, Paul Dinice, Theodore Fredericks, Frank Galzarano, Jonathan Katz, Peter Kowalchuk, Keith Lerner, Mikael Levey, Jessica Levey, Douglas Marquez, Peter Martorano, Robert Northfield, Linda Novelli, Dawn Pagano, Ross Pagano, Lisa Campisi, Kathleen Petrelli, Thomas Petrelli, Renier Pierantoni, Aftab Punjwani, Robert Ritter, Mathew Rulnick, Tony Shabo, Ilan Shemtov, Christopher Shin, Duke Shin, Stephanie Smith, Barry Stangel, Michael Testa, Guido Urzua, Jessica Urzua, Brent Armstrong, Rachel Armstrong, Kevin Vo, William Wallner, Ronald Wilson, Raymond Woods, Jose Zimmerman, Morris Edelstein, Raynard Gagnon, Jeffrey Gartner, Todd Graves, Thaddeus Kuzniarek, Julie Mulligan, John Pecoraro, Paul Saby, Cynthia Albritton, Torre Albritton, Susan Carr Arney, Michael Cianciarulo, Doris Green Cody, Doug Cody, Edgar Romano, Michael Dearment, Ajay Gupta, Nicky Jackson, John Kaspar, Timothy King, Richard Koch, Douglas Leonard, Kal Patel, Cody Dickinson, Bertha Donovan, Kevin Little, Anthony Love, Donnie Nabors, Latrell Person, Lindsay Anness, Michael Anness, Francoise Barrionuevo, German Barrionuevo, Alan Baxter, Anthony Brooks, Toni Ingram, David Kaler, John Kearins, Andrew Lieberman, Francis Meduri, Mario Messina, John Nigro, Paul O'Brien, Alan Papinsick, Kimberley Rosenstein, Lucas Stachurski, Alexandra Brown, Jeremy Brown, James Dowd, Jason Kelly, Mahesh Patel, Tien Tang, Jeffrey Tillery, Scott Wetherby, Joy Bennett, Marc Bennett, Uri Berenshtein, Justin Graham, Paul Kukich, Judith Matthews, Eddie Robba, David Yim, Anna Berenshtein, Richard Buterbaugh, Ben Currin, Kenneth Goldberg, Andrew Hasenyager, Richard Lawlor, James Needham, Paul Nordholm, Susan Hambric, Gerladine Kirby, Jackie Kirby, Waller Mathias, Kent Mills, Tina Mills, Brewer Endo, Bessette Adrias & Gay Bassette, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Michael Bramlett, Angelena Andrade, Jesus Andrade, John Balena, Phillip Nguyen, Chris Miguel, Derek Tassin, Richard Jason, Valarie Ridley, Jason St. Julien, Christine Taylor & Jennifer Walker, Plaintiffs, represented by Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerounian Law Group, APC, Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Matthew T. Kennedy , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Andrew Allden, Tara Allden & James Amato, Plaintiffs, represented by Steven B. Epstein , Poyner Spruill, LLP.

Jennifer Irene Crook, Jeffrey Todd Henderson & Thomas S. McGrath, Plaintiffs, represented by Dennis A. Mastando , Mastando & Artrip LLC, Eric James Artrip , Mastando Artrip LLC, George N. Davies , Quinn Connor Weaver Davies & Rouco LLP, Glen M. Connor , Quinn Connor Weaver Davies & Rouco & Richard Paul Rouco , Quinn, Connor, Weaver, Davies & Rouco.

Armando Rodriguez, Plaintiff, represented by Carolyn Hunt Cottrell , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP, Kiley Lynn Grombacher , Bradley Grombacher, LLP, Maria L. Weitz , BOUCHER LLP, Michelle Son Lim , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP, Raymond Paul Boucher , Boucher, LLP, Sahag Majarian, II , Law Office of Sahag Majarian II, Scott Lewis Gordon , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP & Todd M. Schneider , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP.

Robert Saavedra, Plaintiff, represented by Carolyn Hunt Cottrell , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP, David Christopher Leimbach , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP, Kiley Lynn Grombacher , Bradley Grombacher, LLP, Maria L. Weitz , BOUCHER LLP, Michelle Son Lim , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP, Raymond Paul Boucher , Boucher, LLP, Sahag Majarian, II , Law Office of Sahag Majarian II, Scott Lewis Gordon , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP & Todd M. Schneider , Schneider Wallace Cottrell Konecky Wotkyns LLP.

Lucia Davila, Daniel Duran, Ricardo Flores, Ray Garcia, Julissa Garza, Miriam Martinez, Joel Moreno, Carlos Madrigal, Laura Torres, Josue Villarreal, Joshua Cantu, Bev Johnson & Jose Trevino, Plaintiffs, represented by Rick A. Eckerson , Eckerson Law Firm, PLLC & Roberto Bobby R. Garcia , Law Office of Bobby Garcia PC.

Bill J. Morehouse, Roger L. Shepherd, Laurie Weiss, Carol L. Mitchell, Lech Losiowksi, Edward P. Walsh & Sandra M. Walsh, Plaintiffs, represented by Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Shirin Lohana Tolle, Plaintiff, represented by Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Lauren Andrea Ungs , Knight Law Group LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Carlos Pantoja, Plaintiff, represented by Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Amy Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Mark D. O'Connor , O'Connor & Mikhov LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Frank Novello, Plaintiff, represented by Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA, Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart, Stephen Guy Recordon , Recordon & Recordon, Artice Lee McGraw , Artice L. McGraw, P.A. & John Patrick Kuder , Sellers Skievaski Kuder LLP.

Tony Ray Byrum, Plaintiff, represented by John Burke Brumfield, Jr. , A.P.L.C.

Michael Cocco, Christ Hiotis, Anibal Lugo, Jo Alejandra Lugo, Carlos Nicholson, Lina Perez, Anthony Serro, Barbara Serro, David Shapiro, Tameki Stone, Marcus Thomas & Rosetta Thomas, Plaintiffs, represented by Artice Lee McGraw , Artice L. McGraw, P.A. & Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA.

Stacey L. Austin-Sargent, Plaintiff, represented by Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP & Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP.

Jared Brown, Plaintiff, represented by David Ross Feldman , Feldman Lee PLLC & Jeremy Kenneth Lee , Feldman Lee, PLLC.

Timothy G. Riley, Kathryn Sanwick & Luke G. Sanwick, Plaintiffs, represented by Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Amy Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Fred D. Heather , Glaser Weil Fink Howard Avchen and Shapiro LLP, Mark D. O'Connor , O'Connor & Mikhov LLP, Richard William Buckner , Glaser Weil Fink Howard Avchen Shapiro LLP, Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP & Paul R. Kiesel , Kiesel Law LLP.

Bernd Becker, Plaintiff, represented by Clifford Paskel , Paskel, Tashman & Walker, P.C.

Cheryl Ordes & Don Ordes, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Bonner Charles Walsh , Walsh PLLC & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Iconic Motors, Inc., doing business as Elgin Volkswagen, An Illinois Corporation & Slevin Capital Investments, Inc., Plaintiffs, represented by Andrew Douglas LeMar , Burke Warren MacKay & Serritella PC, pro hac vice, Danielle Jean Gould , Burke Warren Mackay & Serritella, P.C., Eric Peter VanderPloeg , Burke, Warren, MacKay, Serritella, P.C. & Ira M. Levin , Burke Warren MacKay and Serritella, P.C.

Jason Demery, Plaintiff, pro se.

Emily Shannon, Plaintiff, represented by David Buck Shannon , Todd and Shannon LLP, pro hac vice.

Richard Weiss, Avery Winder & Khosrow Kaywan, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Ronald M. Guy & Jodi Guy, Plaintiffs, represented by George Eldon Gibbs , Gibbs Armstrong Borochoff Mullican & Hart, P.C.

Paul Danaher, Plaintiff, represented by David R. Smith , Smith Lawrence, LC & George E. Kapke, Jr. , Kapke and Willerth, LLC.

Daniel L. Byrd, Plaintiff, pro se.

Marion M. Byrd, Plaintiff, pro se.

Travis Burton & Steven Lewis, Plaintiffs, represented by Emily Catherine Aldridge , Bleichmar Fonti & Auld LLP, Lesley Elizabeth Weaver , Bleichmar Fonti & Auld LLP & Matthew Sinclair Weiler , Bleichmar Fonti & Auld LLP.

Han Lee, Plaintiff, pro se.

James Bruinsma, Plaintiff, represented by Gregory F. Fox .

Angela Matt Architect, Inc., Tonya Dreher, Eddie Field, Norbert Kahlert, Adam Schell, Bryan Sheffield, Gisbel De La Cruz, John Kubala, Darryl Lecours, Andrew Olson, Michael Skena, Melissa St. Croix, Derek Winebaugh, Brendan Daly, Steven Ferdinand, Ken Galluccio, Sven Hofmann, Steven Rawczak, Thomas Siehl, III, Michael Bowman, Bradley Conner, Benjamin Tyler Dunn, Jon Mosley & Ingrid Salgado, Plaintiffs, represented by Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Shana E. Scarlett , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Stuart M. Paynter , The Paynter Law Firm PLLC.

Jennifer Nemet, Plaintiff, represented by Celeste H.G. Boyd , The Paynter Law Firm PLLC, Robert B. Carey , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Shana E. Scarlett , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Stuart M. Paynter , The Paynter Law Firm PLLC.

Stuart Kaye & Karin Boyles, Plaintiffs, represented by Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart, Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA & Stephen Guy Recordon , Recordon & Recordon.

Kerri Annis, Plaintiff, represented by John Patrick Kuder , Sellers Skievaski Kuder LLP, Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart, Samuel William Bearman , Samuel W. Bearman PA & Stephen Guy Recordon , Recordon & Recordon.

jose miranda, Plaintiff, pro se.

Robert McKasson & Daniel S. Tang, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP & Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP.

Elliot H. Stokar, Plaintiff, represented by Christian Adam Jenkins , Minnillo and Jenkins Co., LPA & Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Olufemi Abiodun, Liliana Barreda, Phillip Bartlett, Jose Abreu, Ronald Aliberti, Marie Elena Angulo, Gerald Bossert, Dermot Cawley, Jason Childress, Samuel Cox, Gregory DePasquale, Linda Doyle, Alexander Eaton, Robert Farish, Busso Graf von der Schulenburg, Roger Hamblin, James Hamilton, Janet Mason, Naresh Mittal, Varun Mittal, William Moore, David Naber, Gordon Nixon, Joonho Park, Jerrold Postin, David Seal, Matthew Voss, Klaus Weber, Barbara Whiteherse, Felicie Wyatt, Jack Barbee, Jr., William Bethel, Jr., Mark Conron, Perry Doyle, Norman Edinborough, John Glover, Jacobo Lama, Gerardo Medina, Jerry Rodriguez, Rodolfo Sanldierna, Mark Stanek, Jose Elizarraras, Antonio Nieto, Mary Mull, Jared Rogers, William Austin, Joe Bennett, Peter Bouchard, Lori Ann Charles, Consultwebs.com Inc., Joseph Driscoll, Kathrine Hill, Imtiaz Ishmael, Robert Jackson, Jr., Aurelia Jones-Taylor, Mark McLeod, Lance McMurry, Bryant Miller, Ricardo Ortegon, Pranavkumar Patel, Christopher Rush, Schulenburg Timber Corp., Kevin Simons, Robert Smith, Theunis Voorkamp, Philip Williams, Joseph Bell, Jr., Zoraida Rojas, Douglas Krawczynski, Donna Smith, Russell Allen Wasson, Lessiter Wiggins, Francisco Armenta, Kenneth Barnes, Mark Brown, Janet Bryant, Danziola Johnson, Sultan Sulemanji, Sharon Cooper, Lester Johnson, Henry McGuire, Venkata Perubhatla, Donald Rector, Ella Rouse, Roya Ware, Robert Whinnery, Dawn Harbin, James Jones, Jerzy Orlean, Michael Brennan, James Duffy, Jacquelyn Fields, Robert Reeves, Jerry Rushton, Kathryn Kitchen, Jack Holmes, Jackie Walters, Dennis Wilson, Dusty Daily, Amber Lea, John Bacon, Eric Bash, Leroy Calhoun, Jr., Umberto Caniglia, Juan Canizales, James Christy, Robert Cowan, Jr., Benjamin Creamer, Rodney Diekema, Derrick Flowers, James Gallagher, Robert Gion, Joe Jones, William Kight, Jin Kyu Lee, Patrick Maples, John Martin, Ralph Milliken, David Molinek, Linda Nehus, Kristofor Norberg, Carlos Perez-Quintana, Edgardo Rojas, David Skrocki, Scott Spann, Shannon Spann, Kenneth Stewart, Edith Coffin, John Switzer, Daryl Torgerson, Shana Trapnell, Richard Vaillant, Claudia Zucconi, Philip John Dixon, Teresa Drescher, Michael Braden, Ray York, Noel Bryars, Romelda Cantu, Michael Charron, K. H. Childress, Francis Cole, Victor Cruz-Torres, Vanessa Daniels, Toni Davis, Kevin De Miranda, Charles Donaubuaer, Laurie BW, Gary Ashley, Stacie Alison Brock, Doug Davis, Diane Juarez, Marcos Juarez, Charla Kidwell, Glenn Walker, Kelley Holmes, Abigayle Abel, Robert Adams, Kenneth Ahrens, Charles Adams, Jr., William Pratt, Anisleidy Santiesteban, Bobby Antley, Andrew Arendas, Mark Bacom, Elvera Beaman, Annette Bell, Kathy Bennett, Harvey Blasingim, Edward Bond, David Jones, Lee Hansen, Matthew Hladik, Roslyn Johnson, Charles Kroll, Joe Maurin, William Miller, Kimloan Nguyen, Derrick Woody, Paulette Woody & Adam Zimbelman, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Nicholas Foley, Vernon Grandgeorge, Joshua Membreno, Frances Cole, Daniel Curtain & Kelvin Hayford, Plaintiffs, represented by Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Henderson Electric Co., Inc., Plaintiff, represented by Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice, Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Doria Hicks & Elodia Aguilar, Plaintiffs, represented by Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Craig Madison Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Gholam Kiani Khozani, Plaintiff, represented by Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Nick Bradshaw, Plaintiff, represented by Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Craig Madison Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C.

Ruben Gomez, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Steven Mansfield, Joel Perez, Arturo Volpe & Eric D. Pearson, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C.

Arthur Belvin, Plaintiff, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice, Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice, Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Shannon Hamilton, Donald Beecher, Don Hunt, Sunny Dye, Mike Mersiosky, Brandie Law, Joseph Steliga, Brian Frohock, Nathaniel Patterson, Amber Crooks, Jorge Fernandez, Don E. McClure, Jr., Sara Campos, Romeo DeGuzman, Phyllis Martin, William Sadler, Laura Bedgood & John Garrison, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Elton Simmons, Manjeet Singh, Pirtal Singh, Carlos Hickman, Nicole Rimmer-Adcock, Robert Weisman, Wade Andres, John Cephus, Tommy Josey, Eliud Ramirez, Mary Kirkendall, Morgan Bowling, Nathan Carlson, Jose Cavaliere, Kristi Chapman, Randy Chesser, Larry DeLuna, John Mcilroy, Michael Aldredge, Dora Angulo, Juan Angulo, Judith La Porte, James Lowe, Anisha McCord, Eric Brown, Mark LaGrone, Bret Larson-Hendricks, Eric Lugger, Donald Pidcock, Gregory Riedel & Helen Simmons, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Craig Madison Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C. & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Grant Blake, Chris Chandler, Blake Cunningham, Marcelino Estrada, Ginger Foster, Randall Luce, Don Randall, Kurt Rathjen, Edgar Ruiz & Gregory Tindel, Plaintiffs, represented by Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Seyed Abbas Kazerounian , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Eric D. Pearson, Plaintiff, pro se.

Molly Foley, Plaintiff, represented by Bary Lee Gassman , Gassman Legal, P.C., pro hac vice & Peter Herbert Honigmann, Jr. , pro hac vice.

Peter Honigmann, Plaintiff, represented by Bary Lee Gassman , Gassman Legal, P.C., pro hac vice.

Peter Herbert Honigmann, Jr., Plaintiff, pro se.

George Rebick & Toniann Rebick, Plaintiffs, represented by Kasey Cole Swisher , Carlsbad Law Group, LLP, Cynthia Lernor Marks , Carlsbad Law Group, LLP & J.L. Sean Slattery , Carlsbad Law Group, LLP.

State of Georgia, Plaintiff, represented by Lisa Marlene Javorka , Georgia Office Of Attorney General.

Dara Andrew Hall, Plaintiff, pro se.

Shaylyn Arthurs, Plaintiff, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Gende Law Office SC, Plaintiff, represented by James J. Gende, II , Gende Law Offices SC.

State of Vermont, Plaintiff, represented by Nicholas F. Persampieri , Office of the Attorney General.

State of Louisiana, Plaintiff, represented by Perry Maurice Theriot , State of Louisiana.

Ronald Thornton & Amanda Walker, Plaintiffs, represented by Brian Beckcom , Vujasinovic & Beckcom, PLLC & Kenneth Bruce Fenelon , VB Attorneys.

Jeanne Belvin, Plaintiff, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Thomas O'Connor, Christopher Pappas & Steven Skolnick, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

District of Columbia, Plaintiff, represented by Brian R. Caldwell , Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia.

State of Colorado, Plaintiff, represented by Claybourne F. Clarke , CO Attorney General.

State of Indiana, Plaintiff, represented by Mark Snodgrass , Indiana State Attorney General's Office.

State of Mississippi, Plaintiff, represented by Lisa Thompson Ouzts , Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality.

Amelia Jarmon, Plaintiff, represented by Brian Augustus Beckcom , Vujasinovic Beckcom & Kenneth Bruce Fenelon , VB Attorneys.

Jonathan Malone, Plaintiff, represented by Mark Stephen Cichowski , Davis law Firm.

State of Rhode Island, Plaintiff, represented by Mary E. Kay , State of Rhode Island.

Catherine Kavanagh & Yury Turetsky, Plaintiffs, represented by Jeffrey D. Meyer , The Mayer Law Firm PC, pro hac vice.

Angela Gilbert, Plaintiff, pro se.

Robert Chavez, Plaintiff, represented by Jacob William Cutler , Strategic Legal Practices, APC & Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP.

Autovid, LLC & Tim Renzetti, Plaintiffs, represented by John H. Cigavic, III , Basic Legal Services.

Muscogee (Creek) Nation, Plaintiff, represented by Kevin Dellinger , Muscogee (Creek) Nation.

Chickasaw Nation, Plaintiff, represented by Debra Elaine Gee , Chickasaw Nation.

Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Plaintiff, represented by Seth Bichler , Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa.

Direct Automotive Management, Inc., Plaintiff, represented by Eugene Andrew Burcher , Walsh Colucci Lubeley & Walsh PC, Richard Niel Sox, Jr. , Bass Sox Mercer & William Kirby Bissell , Bass Sox Mercer.

Amanda Feehan, Plaintiff, pro se.

David McLeod, Debra Alexander, Kenneth Anderson, Constance Baldwin, Victor Bateh, Stephanie Beagle, Nelson Bean, Lisa Butler, Paul Mefferd, Daniel Seabring, Molly Weis-Bateh, Kenneth Yockey, Nichole Clark, Tony Clark, Brandon Coleman, David Crumpton, Linda Crumpton, Timothy Cunningham, Travis Demeritte, DeAnn Ellis, Stefan Freeman, Ruby Sarden, Brad Glahn, Robert Goldstein, Phillip Hoover, Greg Lacy, Jacqulyn Linthecome, Robert Magee, Leonard Michael, Rhonda Mitchell, Edward Nail, Julian Najm, Jared Olds, Anthony Ameri, Wesley Breton, Joan Pots, Michael Pots, Roderick Rutledge, Michael Shabani, Kletis Sloan, Cristina Smith, Ford Smith, Jerry Talbert, Edward Westreicher, Joseph Brooks, Dan Caulfield, Eric Feinberg, Zachary Flynn, Dawn Gowder, Diann Gragg, Joe Gragg, Dylan Hoffman, Shelton Holzman, Bilal Javed, Dennis Kellman, Carol Kloster, Scott Kraus, Mark Kuriata, Bradley Mizgate, Richard Morehouse, Florentina Murray, Eric Pan, Chet Phillips, Susan Phillips, John Quinn, Raymond Quintana, Clyde Robison, Amit Desai, Jigisha Desai, Kirke Dorweiler, Mary Dorweiler, Tina Olsen, Eric Rozenberg, Donald Searcy, Eric Smith, Aaron Sullivan-Hall, Salena Whitfield, James Zika, Pamela Zika, Donald Accetta, Catherine Baptista, Fellipe Foster, Thomas Jones, Derek Kaplan, Behrang Mazahery, Tony Mosley, Spencer Peace, Hoang Phan, Schingtia Robertson, Anousheh Sayah, Damaris Berner, Kevin Butler, Alexander Chu, Cristopher Crane, Phillip Cross, Joseph Demartino, Michael Deveraux, Karl Duguerre, Swapnil Gadkari, Peter Greaves, Cris Ingemi, Noel Lazo, Dorene Lewey, Calvin McFadden, Jeffrey Mendes, Mansour Moheban, Khang Nguyen, Pavlo Olenchyk, Kathleen Pitoniak, Melissa Procida, John Quackenbush, John Cole, Martha Kuzak, Duan Lee, Naovarath Phalavong, Melvin Ponnachen, Glenn Rogers, Roger Skipper, Lung Tan, Sayre Wardell, Tayish Wardell, Eddie Barber, Melissa Brady, Scott Endsley, Robert Martindale, Gerald Mosley, Heidi Ognibene, Michael Ognibene, Gwyneth Paulson & Kevin Taylor, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Steven Emert, Donald Gamer, Toni Gullace, Franklin Hadley, John Hill, Karen Sutton, Theo Svec, Thomas Swann, Anita Truitt, Barbara Whatley, Dorell Woodard, Anuj Mittal, Mukesh Mittal & Daniel Oslie, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Herman Hebbe, Jimmy Surratt, Mike Watts, Kurtis Williamson, Suzanne McCurley & Osvaldo Morales, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Craig M. Patrick , Patrick Law Firm, P.C., Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice, Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Braman Motorcars, Plaintiff, represented by Lindsey Lazopoulos Friedman , Colson Hicks Eidson.

Kathryn L. Shilling, Plaintiff, pro se.

Daniel S. Champoux, Sr., Plaintiff, represented by David L. Herman , Rosner, Barry and Babbitt, LLP, Hallen David Rosner , Rosner, Barry & Babbitt, LLP & Kendra Jayne Woods , Rosner, Barry and Babbitt, LLP.

Reba J. Champoux, Plaintiff, represented by Hallen David Rosner , Rosner, Barry & Babbitt, LLP & Kendra Jayne Woods , Rosner, Barry and Babbitt, LLP.

Upper Sioux Community, Plaintiff, represented by Lief Rasmussen , Leif E.Rasmussen, P.A.

Angela Bartlett, Plaintiff, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Miao Lin, Plaintiff, pro se.

Jay Johnson, Plaintiff, represented by Richard C. Dalton , Richard C. Dalton LLC & Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

James P. Healow, Plaintiff, represented by Kevin T. Sweeney , Sweeney & Healow.

Ira Jacobowitz, Leslie Jacobowitz, Donna L. Alterio, Gary W. Stokes, Linh Vuong, Kenneth A. Warfield, Danielle Santos Bernal, Antonio Campos, Jr., Gina L. Christiansen, Derek L. Freeman, Monique Morosa, William F. Ortmann, Stephen Brown, Michael J. Taylor, Kathy Wiebke, Keith A. Wiebke, William D. Bandes, Stephen H. Becker, Lise St. Andre, Paul Goldberg, Ronald T. Walsh, Sharon K. Walsh, Barbara S. Lloyd, Melissa Young, Daniel R. Boom, Margaret A. Boom & Shawn M. Paintiff, Plaintiffs, represented by David Neal Barry , The Barry Law Firm.

Douglas Elwood Lindamood, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by James Ben Feinman , James B. Feinman and Associates.

James Graham, Plaintiff, represented by David Neal Barry , The Barry Law Firm & Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Brenda Cerovich & Vicky M. Taylor, Plaintiffs, represented by David Neal Barry , The Barry Law Firm & Richard J. Uss , The Barry Law Firm.

Attorneys Title Insurance Agency of Aspen, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company & Wright Law Aspen, LLP, a Colorado limited partnership, Plaintiffs, represented by James Francis Fosnaught , Karp Neu Hanlon P.C. & Shoshana Rosenthal , Karp Neu Hanlon, P.C.

Attorneys Title Insurance Agency of Aspen, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company, Plaintiff, represented by Shoshana Rosenthal , Karp Neu Hanlon, P.C.

Ryan Harper, Plaintiff, represented by Barbara Sullivan Harper , Barbara S. Harper A. Professional Law Corporation.

Katrina Manos, Plaintiff, represented by Christopher P. Barry , Rosner, Barry & Babbit, LLP & David L. Herman , Rosner, Barry and Babbitt, LLP.

Betsy Reeves & Elisabeth Sobczak, Plaintiffs, represented by Danieal H. Miller , Danieal H. Miller, P.C.

Vina Stroud, Cora Rosales & Maribel Quiros, Plaintiffs, represented by Michael Everett Heygood , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Allen Pickard & Jennifer Pickard, Plaintiffs, represented by Joseph A. Meader , Cadwell, Sanford, Deibert Garry, LLP & Shawn M. Nichols , Cadwell, Sanford, Deibert & Garry, LLP.

Knight Law Group Plaintiff, Plaintiff, represented by Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP, Richard William Buckner , Glaser Weil Fink Howard Avchen Shapiro LLP & Russell Wyman Higgins , Knight Law Group LLP.

Stephen Franck & Catherine Lamenzo, Plaintiffs, represented by Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP.

Richard V. Ortiz & Virginia Torres Ortiz, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Fred D. Heather , Glaser Weil Fink Howard Avchen and Shapiro LLP, Kristina Praskovia Stephenson-Cheang , Knight Law Group, LLP, Moses Lebovits , Daniels Fine Israel Schonbuch and Lebovits LLP, Richard William Buckner , Glaser Weil Fink Howard Avchen Shapiro LLP & Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP.

Chris K. Carlson, Michelle Lynn Carlson, Kenneth J. Coon, Maria E. Coon, Joseph M. Herbert, Julia Robertson & Scott Salzer, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Fred D. Heather , Glaser Weil Fink Howard Avchen and Shapiro LLP, Moses Lebovits , Daniels Fine Israel Schonbuch and Lebovits LLP, Richard William Buckner , Glaser Weil Fink Howard Avchen Shapiro LLP & Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP.

Julie L. Covey, Richard Covey, Bernard Lawrence Grundman, Paul Grundman, Andrew J. Rodriguez, Peter Sukman Suh, Ramon V. Zuno, Rod Jung, Joe J. Restine & Byron Clendenen, Plaintiffs, represented by Amy Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Moses Lebovits , Daniels Fine Israel Schonbuch and Lebovits LLP & Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP.

Maria G. Lopez Ceja, also known as Maria Guadalupe Silva, Plaintiff, represented by Amy Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Lauren Andrea Ungs , Knight Law Group LLP & Moses Lebovits , Daniels Fine Israel Schonbuch and Lebovits LLP.

Colette Hartman, Plaintiff, represented by Steve Mikhov , Knight Law Group, LLP, Alastair F. Hamblin , Knight Law Group LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP & Moses Lebovits , Daniels Fine Israel Schonbuch and Lebovits LLP.

Thomas O. Becker, Plaintiff, represented by Gregory Thomas Babbitt , Rosner, Barry and Babbitt, LLP & Hallen David Rosner , Rosner, Barry & Babbitt, LLP.

Stan Slaton, Plaintiff, pro se.

Michelle Bernadette Cunneen, Plaintiff, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Amy-Lyn Morse , Knight Law Group, LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Natalie Anne Muscatello , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Lamar Chandel, Plaintiff, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Steven T. Webster , Webster Book LLP.

Towanda Chandel, Donnell Denney, Donovan Ducille, Katherine Ducille, Kathy Fletcher, Darlene Jones, Daniel Kolliopoulos, Blair Nelsen, Adeduntan Oke, Olutayo Oke, Fred Qreitem, Tracy Skinner, Corey Taylor, Sanford Teu, Hoa Thanh & Christopher Truong, Plaintiffs, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Steven T. Webster , Webster Book LLP.

Jody Quintana, Plaintiff, pro se.

Peter Clark, Plaintiff, pro se.

David Morin, Plaintiff, represented by Andy Dogali , Forizs & Dogali, P.A., Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Patricia Sturdevant, Plaintiff, pro se.

Drift Auto, LLC, Plaintiff, represented by Andy Dogali , Forizs & Dogali, P.A., pro hac vice, Barbara Ursula Uberoi , Dogali Law Group & Andy Dogali , Forizs & Dogali, P.A.

Joseph Fitzmeyer, Ice Age Auto, LLC, Kaufman Sales and Leasing, Alexandr Maslov, Jeffrey Morin, Marin Sorinel Simpetru, Thomas Niewiek Auto, Inc. & Gladysh Vyacheslav, Plaintiffs, represented by Andy Dogali , Forizs & Dogali, P.A. & Barbara Ursula Uberoi , Dogali Law Group.

Allison Androiaie, Lucian Androiaie, Marian Androiaie, Bad Hat Auto, Inc., Raysa Cintra, Shay D. Coe, Crimson Rides, LLC, Elibzan Cruz, Ibzan Cruz, Nadia Dzyk, European Motor Cars, Inc., FTOG, LLC d/b/a Stonegate Auto Sales, Great American Auto, Jadie Hatcher, Samia Kassis, Kristijonas Mazeika, Alain Menendez, Iurli Mereshko, Julia Nechay, Sophia Segal, Tomas Sinkunas, Oksana Smallcomb, Sarunas Ulinskas, Vladislav Zobnin, Tatiana Zobnina, Jeffrey J. Cappelletti, Elson Glick, Shawn Glick, Titus Glick, Leonid Kowalik d/b/a L&K Enterprises, Mountain Auto Brokers, LLC, Adam Pesta, Joseph Lee Pesta & Vitality Kowalik d/b/a Kowalik Enterprises, Plaintiffs, represented by Jacob Lawrence Boehner , Greenspoon Marder LLP & Murray Bruce Silverstein , Greenspoon Marder LLP.

Leidy Rodriguez, Plaintiff, represented by Murray Bruce Silverstein , Greenspoon Marder LLP.

AUTO37USA, LLC, Alena Stepanyuk, Alex Stepanyuk, Dawn Blalack, George Blalack, Candra Hahn, Leah Hinders, Irina Maslova, Ocmulgee Autosport, LLC, Tanquero Car Sales, Inc., Janice Castagnini, Kenneth Castagnini, Euro Ventures, LLC d/b/a South End Auto, Aleksandr Golovchik, Brett Bohonek, Jeremiah Brown, Dzmitry Lapatski, Sergey Tsytsyn, Svetlana Bandelyuk, Henadzi Lapatski & Raphael Pinero, Plaintiffs, represented by Andy Dogali , Forizs & Dogali, P.A.

Direct B, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, doing business as Brandon Volkswagen & SAI Auto Group, LLC, a California limited liability company, doing business as Bozzani Volkswagen, Plaintiffs, represented by Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Catherine Gannon , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Jerrod C. Patterson , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro, pro hac vice.

James Ben Feinman, Plaintiff, pro se.

Doina Peia, Plaintiff, pro se.

John Peia, Plaintiff, pro se.

Chickaloon Native Village, Plaintiff, represented by Frank Holleman, IV , Sonosky, Chambers, Sachse, Endreson and Perry, LLP.

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Plaintiff, represented by Wade Max Williams , Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa.

United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel J. Hayes , U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Jake A. Schmidt United States Securities and Exchange Commission & Kevin A. Wisniewski United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Daniel S. Champoux & Ms. Reba J. Champoux, Plaintiffs, represented by David L. Herman , Rosner, Barry and Babbitt, LLP.

Ilene S. Resnick Weiss, Plaintiff, represented by Daniel J. Weiss .

Samuel Bearman, Plaintiff, pro se.

Erica Braden, Dabney Johnson, Linda Johnson & David N. Smith, Plaintiffs, represented by Kevin Reeve Duck , Duck Law Firm.

Marisa Garcia, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Consol Plaintiff, represented by Stephen Earl Baril , Kaplan Voekler Cunningham & Frank PLC.

Amanda Heidel, Consol Plaintiff, represented by Steven Jeffrey Toll , Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC.

Dan Maldonado, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated, Consol Plaintiff, represented by Michael L. Baum , Baum Hedlund Aristei and Goldman, P.C., Robert Brent Wisner , Baum Hedlund Aristei Goldman, PC & Peter Andrew Miller , Miller DellaFera, PLC.

The Center for Auto Safety, Consol Plaintiff, represented by Nina J. Ginsberg , DiMuroGinsberg PC & Walter Dekalb Kelley, Jr. , Jones Day.

Angela Hertz, Petitioner, represented by Derek J. Illar , Watson Mundorff Brooks & Sepic, LLP.

Dusty A. Winkler, Petitioner, represented by Jeffrey Todd Embry , Hossley Embry LLP.

George E. Kearns, Petitioner, represented by Donald J. Weiss .

Matt Tiano, Petitioner, represented by Anthony Patrick Chester , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Robert L. Hyde , Hyde & Swigart.

Stichting Volkswagen Car Claim & Stichting Volkswagen Investor Claim, Petitioners, represented by Richard R. Wiebe , Law Office Of Richard R. Wiebe.

David Wagman, Petitioner, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson.

Beaver Village & Tribe Native Village of Stevens, Receivers, represented by Marna Kranenburg , Tanana Chiefs Conference.

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc., a New Jersey Corporation, Defendant, represented by Amie Adelia Vague , Lightfoot Franklin & White, Casey Erin Lucier , McGuireWoods LLP, Charles J. Baker, III , Womble Carlyle Sandridge and Rice, Colin Hampton Tucker , Rhodes Hieronymus Jones Tucker & Gable, Dana Woodrum Lang , Womble Carlyle Sandridge and Rice, David M. Eisenberg , Baker, Sterchi, Cowden & Rice, LLC, Henry Buist Smythe, Jr. , Womble Carlyle Sandridge and Rice, Howard Feller , McGuireWoods LLP, Hugh J. Bode , Reminger & Reminger Co LPA, J. Randolph Bibb, Jr. , Lewis, Thomason, King, Krieg & Waldrop, P.C., James K. Toohey , Johns & Bell LTD, Jeffrey Lance Chase , Herzfeld & Rubin PC, Jeffrey S. Rugg , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP, Jennifer Marino Thibodaux , Gibbons PC, John W. Cowden , Baker, Sterchi, Cowden & Ric, LLC, John H. Tucker , Rhodes Hieronymus Jones Tucker & Gable, Kerry R. Lewis , Rhodes Hieronymus Jones Tucker & Gable, Kurt E. Lindquist, II , Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC, Michael D. Begey , Rumberger, Kirk & Caldwell, PA, Michael R. McDonald , Gibbons PC, Michael Tomaino, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, Natalie Marie Lefkowitz , Chase Kurshan Herzfeld & Rubin LLC, Russ Ferguson , Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice LLP, Ryan Nelson Clark , Lewis, Thomason, King, Krieg & Waldrop, P.C., Sara Anne Ford , Lightfoot Ffanklin & White LLC, Seth Abram Schaeffer , McGuireWoods LLP, Thomas R. Valen , Gibbons PC, William L. Boesch , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, Adam K. Bult , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, Allison Rachel McLaughlin , Wheeler Trigg O'Donnell LLP, Andrew J. Finn , pro hac vice, Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC, Anne Katherine Guillory , Dinsmore & Shohl LLP, April L. Watson , Sessions, Fishman & Nathan, Ben D. Kappelman , Dorsey & Whitney LLP, Benjamin Peter Abel , McGuireWoods LLP, Benjamin K. Reitz , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, Blake Adam Gansborg , Wheeler Trigg O'Donnell, LLP, Brett R. Leland , Verrill Dana LLP, Brian C. Langs , Johnson & Bell LTD, C. Vernon Hartline, Jr. , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP, Carine M. Williams , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, Caroline M. Tinsley , BAKER AND STERCHI, LLC, Charles William McIntyre, Jr. , McGuireWoods LLP, Charles Pendleton Mitchell , Rumberger Kirk & Caldwell, Christine Kingston , Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, Christopher Edward Tribe , McGuireWoods LLP Gateway Plaza, Christopher Edward Trible , McGuireWoods LLP, Dan R. Larsen , Dorsey and Whitney LLP, Darrell L. Barger , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP, David L. Ayers , Watkins and Eager PLLC, David A. Barry, Esq. , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, David N. May , Bradshaw Fowler Proctor & Fairgrove, David Maxwell James Rein , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, David T. Schaefer , Dinsmore & Shohl LLP, Diane McGimsey , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Drew James Beesley , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Edward W. Hearn , JOHNSON & BELL, PC, Elizabeth Righton Johnson , Balch & Bingham LLP, Emily Anne Ellis , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Shreck, Eric R. Burris , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, Erin Patricia Mead , Thorn, Gershon, Tymann & Bonanni, LLP, Gail Ponder Gaines , Barber Law Firm PLLC, Garrett L. Boehm, Jr. , Johnson & Bell LTD, Harlan I. Prater, IV , Lightfoot, Franklin & White, Heather Britton Chaney , McGuireWoods LLP, Hugh Brown McNatt , McNatt, Greene & Peterson, J. Gordon Cooney, Jr. , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP, James L. Hollis , Balch & Bingham, Jimmy B. Wilkins , WATKINS & EAGER, Jo E. Peifer , Lavin, O'Neil, Ricci, Cedrone & DiSipio, John David Ayers , WATKINS & EAGER, PLLC, John D. Donovan, Jr. , Ropes and Gray LLP, John L. Hone , Lipshultz and Hone Chtd, John Alan Knox , Williams Kastner & Gibbs, John Garrett McCarthy , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, John Thomas Prisbe , Venable LLP, John David Wilburn , McGuireWoods LLP, Jonathan M. Hoffman , MB Law Group, LLP, Joy Goldberg Braun , Sessions, Fishman, Nathan & Israel, Judson O. Littleton , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, Julia M. Jordan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Kenneth Abrams , McGuire Woods LLP, Kevin P. Polansky , Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Mark A. Weissman , Herzfeld & Rubin, P.C., pro hac vice, Mary E. Bolkcom , Hanson Bolkcom Law Group, Ltd., Matthew A. Schwartz , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, Melissa Fletcher Allaman , Nelson, Mullins, Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Meredith J. McKee , Womble Carlyle Sandridge & RIice, PLLC, Meredith Jane McKee , Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, Michael Thad Allen , Day Pitney LLP, Michael B. Gallub , Herzfeld and Rubin, pro hac vice, Michael E. Hale , Barber Law Firm PLLC, Michael L. O'Donnell , Wheeler Trigg O'Donnell, LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Michael A. Yoshida , MB Law Group, LLP, Mickey W. Greene , Hanson Bolkcom Law Group, Ltd., Miranda Hanley , Smith Welch Webb & White, LLC, Natalie Anne Muscatello , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Ningur Akoglu , Herzfeld & Rubin PC, Patricia Rodriguez Britton , Nelson Mullins Riley Scarborough LLP, Patrick Demetrios Grindlay , Paul Thomas Collins , Nelson Mullins Riley and Scarborough LLP, pro hac vice, Paul E.D. Darsow , Hanson Bolkcom Law Group, Ltd., Paul D. Williams , Day Pitney LLP, Richard White Crews, Jr. , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP, Righton Johnson , Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Ronald G. DeWald , Lipshultz and Hone Chtd, Ryan P. McCarthy , Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Ryan A. Morrison , Dinsmore & Shohl LLP, S. Keith Hutto , Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, Sarah Motley Stone , Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Shawn P. George , George & Lorensen, Stanley Abbott Roberts , McGuireWoods LLP, Stephen D. Bell , Dorsey & Whitney LLP, Steve S. Tervooren , Hughes Gorski Seedorf Odsen & Tervooren LLC, Stuart A. Drake , Kirkland and Ellis LLP, pro hac vice, Suhana S. Han , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Terrence Mitchell Bagley , McGuireWoods LLP, Thomas R. Ferguson, III , Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC, Thomas W. Purcell , MB Law Group LLP, William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice & William Henry Wagener , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice.

Audi AG, Defendant, represented by Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Andrew J. Finn , Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC, Brett R. Leland , Verrill Dana LLP, David Maxwell James Rein , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, G. Stewart Webb, Jr. , Venable LLP, Garrett L. Boehm, Jr. , Johnson & Bell LTD, J. Gordon Cooney, Jr. , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP, James K. Toohey , Johns & Bell LTD, John Thomas Prisbe , Venable LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Ryan P. McCarthy , Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Stephen D. Bell , Dorsey & Whitney LLP, Stuart A. Drake , Kirkland and Ellis LLP, pro hac vice, Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Volkswagen AG, Defendant, represented by Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Andrew J. Finn , Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC, Brett R. Leland , Verrill Dana LLP, David Maxwell James Rein , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, G. Stewart Webb, Jr. , Venable LLP, John D. Donovan, Jr. , Ropes and Gray LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Matthew A. Schwartz , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Stuart A. Drake , Kirkland and Ellis LLP, pro hac vice, Suhana S. Han , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Audi of America LLC, Defendant, represented by Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP, Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC, Brett R. Leland , Verrill Dana LLP, C. Vernon Hartline, Jr. , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP, Cheryl A. Bush , Bush, Seyferth & Paige, PLLC, David A. Barry, Esq. , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, David Maxwell James Rein , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, John Garrett McCarthy , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Michael R. Williams , Bush Seyferth & Paige PLLC, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Stephen D. Bell , Dorsey & Whitney LLP, W. Scott O'Connell , Nixon Peabody LLP, pro hac vice & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Volkswagen Group of America, a New Jersey corporation, Defendant, represented by P. Arley Harrel , Williams Kastner & Gibbs, PLLC, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Gerard Cedrone , Lavin, O'Neil Ricci Cedrone & DiSipio, Kenneth Abrams , McGuire Woods LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Stuart A. Drake , Kirkland and Ellis LLP, Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Audi of America, Inc., Defendant, represented by Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP, Carine M. Williams , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, Cheryl A. Bush , Bush, Seyferth & Paige, PLLC, Colin H. Tucker , Rhodes Hieronymus Jones Tucker & Gable, David Maxwell James Rein , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, pro hac vice, John H. Tucker , Rhodes Hieronymus Jones Tucker & Gable, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Melissa Fletcher Allaman , Nelson, Mullins, Riley & Scarborough, LLP, Michael R. Williams , Bush Seyferth & Paige PLLC, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Dr. Ing. h.c.F. Porsche AG, Defendant, represented by Abby L. Parsons , King & Spalding LLP, Adam G. Sowatzka , King & Spalding LLP, Alexander Kenneth Haas , King Spalding LLP, Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC, Brett R. Leland , Verrill Dana LLP, Cari K. Dawson , ALSTON & BIRD LLP, David M. Fine , King, Spaulding Law Firm, G. Stewart Webb, Jr. , Venable LLP, Garrett L. Boehm, Jr. , Johnson & Bell LTD, J. W. Codinha , Nixon Peabody, LLP, James K. Toohey , Johns & Bell LTD, James K. Vines , King & Spalding, John Thomas Prisbe , Venable LLP, Joseph Eisert , King & Spalding LLP, Kenneth Yeatts Turnbull , King & Spalding LLP, Matthew A. Goldberg , DLA Piper LLP, pro hac vice, Matthew A. Holian , DLA Piper LLP, Nathan P. Heller , DLA Piper LLP, Sheldon T. Bradshaw , KING & SPALDING, Sonya R. Braunschweig , DLA Piper LLP, W. Scott O'Connell , Nixon Peabody LLP, pro hac vice, William F. Kiniry, Jr. , DLA Piper LLP, Christina Courtney Sheehan , Modrall Sperling Roehl Harris & Sisk PA, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Matthew A. Goldberg , DLA Piper LLP & Susan Miller Bisong , Modrall Sperling Roehl Harris & Sisk PA.

David Antellocy, Defendant, represented by Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Scott Moen, Defendant, represented by Fredman B. Peter , Law Office of Peter Fredman PC, Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice & Thomas Eric Loeser , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Robert Bosch GmbH, Defendant, represented by Matthew D. Slater , Cleary Gottlieb Steen and Hamilton LLP, Alexis L. Collins , Cleary Gottlieb Steen and Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice, Carmine D. Boccuzzi, Jr. , Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice, David E. Brodsky , Cleary Gottlieb Steen Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice, Jennifer Kennedy Park , Cleary Gottlieb Steen Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice, Larry Work-Dembowski , Cleary Gottlieb Steen and Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice, Lewis Jeffrey Liman , Cleary Gottlieb Steen Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice & Ryan M. Sandrock , Sidley Austin, LLP.

Bay Ridge Volvo-American, Inc, Defendant, represented by Natalie Marie Lefkowitz , Chase Kurshan Herzfeld & Rubin LLC.

Audi USA, Volkswagen of America, Inc., a New Jersey business entity, Porsche Cars of North America, LLC, Niello Imports II, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Niello Audi, Audi of San Diego, Herman Cook Volkswagen, Hoehn Audi, Volkswagen of Kearny Mesa, Elk Grove Volkswagen, Hanlees Napa Volkswagen, Lasher Auto Group, Niello Volkswagen, Bob Baker Volkswagen Subaru, Capistrano Volkswagen, Mossy Volkswagen of Escondido, South Bay Volkswagen, Circle Motors Inc., a California corporation, doing business as South Bay Volkswagen, Kuni SDA, LLC, R.L. Niello Co., Inc., a California Corporation, Hammer Lane Volkswagen, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Hammer Lane Volkswagen Mazda, Herman Cook Volkswagen, Inc., a California Corporation, Automotive Elite Investments, Inc., doing business as Chico Volkswagen, Niello Company, a California Corporation, Tracy VW, Inc., doing business as Tracy Volkswagen, Moss Bros. CJD, Inc., doing business as Moss Bros. CJD Moreno Valley, Mission Bay Motors, Inc, doing business as City Volkswagen, Elk Grove Auto Group, Inc., doing business as Elk Grove Volkswagen, Vacaville Premium Motorcars LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Vacaville Volkswagen, Mossy Automotive Group of El Cajon, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Mossy Volkswagen El Cajon, Bentley Motors Limited, City Chevrolet of San Diego, a California Corporation, doing business as City Chevrolet Volkswagen & Bentley Motors, Inc., Defendants, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Audi Aktiengesellschaft, Defendant, represented by Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP, David Maxwell James Rein , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Mary E. Bolkcom , Hanson Bolkcom Law Group, Ltd., Mickey W. Greene , Hanson Bolkcom Law Group, Ltd., Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, W. Scott O'Connell , Nixon Peabody LLP, pro hac vice & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Martin Winterkorn, Defendant, represented by Gregory P. Joseph , Joseph Hage Aaronson LLC, Christopher J. Stanley , Joseph Hage Aaronson LLC, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & Peter R. Jerdee , Joseph Hage Aaronson LLC.

Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft, Defendant, represented by Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP, Robert Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell, LLP, David Maxwell James Rein , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Drew James Beesley , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, G. Stewart Webb, Jr. , Venable LLP, Garrett L. Boehm, Jr. , Johnson & Bell LTD, J. Gordon Cooney, Jr. , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP, James K. Toohey , Johns & Bell LTD, John Thomas Prisbe , Venable LLP, Julia M. Jordan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Mary E. Bolkcom , Hanson Bolkcom Law Group, Ltd., Mickey W. Greene , Hanson Bolkcom Law Group, Ltd., Richard Alan Sayles , Sayles Werbner, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Ryan P. McCarthy , Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Stephen D. Bell , Dorsey & Whitney LLP, William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, William S. Snyder , Sayles Werbner & Suhana S. Han , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Volkswagen of America Group, Inc., Defendant, represented by Patricia Rodriguez Britton , Nelson Mullins Riley Scarborough LLP, Allison Rachel McLaughlin , Wheeler Trigg O'Donnell LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Jonathan Jaffe, Defendant, represented by Robert Stephen Arns , The Arns Law Firm.

Kathleen Parler, Defendant, represented by William Carlos Parler, Jr. , Parler and Wobber LLP.

William Carlos Parler, Jr., Defendant, pro se.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Defendant, represented by Julia B. Strickland , Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP, Jori Lydia Quinlan , WORDEN THANE, Martin S. King , WORDEN THANE & Stephen J. Newman , Stroock and Stroock and Lavan LLP.

Volkswagon of America Chattanooga Operation, LLC, Defendant, represented by Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP & Stuart A. Drake , Kirkland and Ellis LLP, pro hac vice.

Thornton German Imports, LLC, doing business as Don Thornton Volkswagen of Tulsa, Defendant, represented by Colin Hampton Tucker , Rhodes Hieronymus Jones Tucker & Gable, James Michael Reed , Hall Estill Hardwick Gable Golden & Nelson, John T. Richer , Hall Estill Hardwick Gable Golden & Nelson, John H. Tucker , Rhodes Hieronymus Jones Tucker & Gable & Kerry R. Lewis , Rhodes Hieronymus Jones Tucker & Gable.

Jan Bures, Defendant, represented by James M. Webster, III , Kellogg, Hansen, Todd, Figel & Frederick, P.L.L.C., K. Chris Todd , Kellogg, Hansen, Todd, Figel & Frederick, P.L.L.C. & Nicholas Orion Hunter , U.S. Department of Justice.

Herbert Diess, Defendant, represented by Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP & Suhana S. Han , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Michael Horn, Defendant, represented by David Schertler , Schertler and Onorato LLP, pro hac vice, Joseph A. Gonzalez , Schertler & Onorato, LLP, pro hac vice & Lisa Manning , Schertler and Onorato LLP, pro hac vice.

Scott Keogh, Defendant, represented by Brian M. Heberlig , Steptoe & Johnson LLP & William Lee Drake , Steptoe, pro hac vice.

Porsche Cars North America, Inc., Defendant, represented by Cari K. Dawson , ALSTON & BIRD LLP, pro hac vice, Abby L. Parsons , King & Spalding LLP, Adam G. Sowatzka , King & Spalding LLP, Alexander Akerman , Alexander Kenneth Haas , King Spalding LLP, Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC, Brett R. Leland , Verrill Dana LLP, Christina Courtney Sheehan , Modrall Sperling Roehl Harris & Sisk PA, Elizabeth Anna Deener , Landrum & Shouse LLP, G. Stewart Webb, Jr. , Venable LLP, Garrett L. Boehm, Jr. , Johnson & Bell LTD, J. W. Codinha , Nixon Peabody, LLP, James K. Toohey , Johns & Bell LTD, James K. Vines , King & Spalding, John W. Knottnerus , MB Law Group, LLP, John Thomas Prisbe , Venable LLP, John C. Richter , King & Spalding, Joseph Eisert , King & Spalding LLP, Kara Frances Kennedy , Alston and Bird, pro hac vice, Keith W. McDaniel , McCranie, Sistrunk, Kenneth Yeatts Turnbull , King & Spalding LLP, Larry C. Deener , Landrum & Shouse LLP, Laura Ann Komarek , Alston & Bird, LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Marianne Roach Casserly , Alston & Bird LLP, Matthew A. Goldberg , DLA Piper LLP, Nathan P. Heller , DLA Piper LLP, Paul Thomas Collins , Nelson Mullins Riley and Scarborough LLP, pro hac vice, Sheldon T. Bradshaw , KING & SPALDING, Sidney Jay Hardy , McCranie, Sistrunk, Anzelmo, Hardy, Sonya R. Braunschweig , DLA Piper LLP, Stephanie D. Clouston , Alston & Bird LLP, Stephanie A. Jones , Alston & Bird LLP, Susan Miller Bisong , Modrall Sperling Roehl Harris & Sisk PA & William F. Kiniry, Jr. , DLA Piper LLP.

Andrew M. Knoernschild, Defendant, represented by Bryan L. Bleichner , Chestnut Cambronne PA, Francis J. Rondoni , Chestnut Cambronne, PA & Jeffrey D. Bores , Chestnut & Cambronne.

Volkswagen Group of America Incorporated, Defendant, represented by Amanda Emily Heitz , Bowman & Brooke LLP, Curtis James Busby , Bowman & Brooke LLP, Paul Gerard Cereghini , Bowman and Brooke LLP, Cameron Aaron Arthur , Bowman & Brooke LLP & Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Robert Bosch LLC, Defendant, represented by Matthew D. Slater , Cleary Gottlieb Steen and Hamilton LLP, Alexis L. Collins , Cleary Gottlieb Steen and Hamilton LLP, Carmine D. Boccuzzi, Jr. , Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice, David E. Brodsky , Cleary Gottlieb Steen Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice, Eugene A. Schoon , Sidley Austin LLP, Jennifer Kennedy Park , Cleary Gottlieb Steen Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice, Larry Work-Dembowski , Cleary Gottlieb Steen and Hamilton LLP, Lewis Jeffrey Liman , Cleary Gottlieb Steen Hamilton LLP, pro hac vice & Ryan M. Sandrock , Sidley Austin, LLP.

Volkswagen of North Attleboro, Inc. & Walker Motors, Inc., Defendants, represented by Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC & David A. Barry, Esq. , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen.

Paul Beard, Defendant, represented by Natasha N. Serino , Law Offices of Alexander M. Schack.

Crystal Walker, Defendant, represented by Karra J. Porter , CHRISTENSEN & JENSEN PC, George W. Burbidge, II , CHRISTENSEN & JENSEN PC & Robert J. Fuller , FULLER LAW OFFICE LC.

VWI, LLC., Defendant, represented by Michael Roland Holt , Rumberger Kirk & Caldwell & Myron Shapiro , Attorney at Law.

SB-Val, a California Corporation, doing business as Santa Barbara Volkswagen, Hanlees Napa, Inc., a California Corporation & Volkswagen Santa Monica, Defendants, represented by Andrew Zachary Edelstein , Mayer Brown LLP, John Nadolenco , Mayer Brown LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Neil Michael Soltman , Mayer Brown LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Solazyme, Inc., Amyris, Inc., Circle Automotive Group, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Circle Audi, Gold Coast Auto Group, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Ventura VW, Neftin Cars, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Neftin Volkswagen, Riverside Metro Auto Group, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, Sonnen Volkswagen, Stevens Creek Volkswagen, Boardwalk Auto Center, Inc., Capitol Volkswagen, Sunnyvale Volkswagen, Shayco, a California corporation, doing business as Ontario Volkswagen A. California Corporation, Rusnak Westlake, Rusnak Audi, David Wilsons Volkswagen of San Bernardino, Volkswagen Van Nuys, Inc., Rusnak Westlake Audi, Royal Motor Sales, PAG Santa Ana AVW, Inc., doing business as Commonwealth Audi Volkswagen, Parkway Volkswagen, Penske Audi West Covina, Puente Hills Volkswagen, Rusnak Auto Group, Santa Monica Volkswagen, Timmons Volkswagen of Long Beach, Volkswagen of Downtown Los Angeles, Volkswagen of Pasadena, Volkswagen of Van Nuys, Cardinaleway Volkswagen, Coachella Valley Volkswagen, Antelope Valley Volkswagen, Audi Auto Gallery, Audi of Santa Monica, Bonzzani Volkswagen, Galpin Volkswagen, Livingston Volkswagen, McKenna Volkswagen Cerritos, New Century Volkswagen, Pacific Volkswagen, Walters Automotive, Ventura Volkswagen, Sur Motor Cars, Volkswagen of Alhambra, Volkswagen of Santa Monica, Motorcars West, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, doing business as The Auto Gallery, Community Volkswagen, Neftin Volkswagen, Santa Barbara Volkswagen, Dirito Brothers Walnut Creek, Inc., a Califonria Corporation, doing business as Dirito Brothers Walnut Creek Volkswagen, Volkswagen of Santa Monica, LLC, Key Howard, Inc., Saul Chevrolet Inc., doing business as Cardinaleway Volkswagen, South Bay Motors, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Pacific Volkswagen, Santa Monica Audi, LLC, Antelope Nissan, Inc., Moss Bros. Auto Group, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Moss Bros VW of Moreno Valley, Alhambra Volkswagen, Inc., a California corporation, doing business as Alhambra Volkswagen, Moss Bros. German Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Moss Bros VW of Moreno Valley, Family Motors VW, Galpin Volkswagen, LLC, a California Corporation, SAI Auto Group, LLC, a California Limited Liability Corporation, doing business as Bozzani Volkswagen, Walter Timmons Enterprises Inc, a California Corporation, doing business as Timmons of Long Beach, Winn Automotive, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Winn Volkswagen, Cornelius Bros., LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Dublin Volkswagen, Euromotors Concord, Inc., a California corporation, doing business as Audi Concord, Team Volkswagen of Hayward Corp., a California corporation, Alhambra Volkswagen, a California Corporation, Santa Monica Brentwood Automotive, LLC, a California Corporation, doing business as Santa Monica Audi, Volkswagen Santa Monica, LLC, a Delaware corporation, J.C.H. Investments, Inc., a California corporation, doing business as Murrieta VW, McKenna Motors Norwalk, Inc., doing business as McKenna VW Audi, Cardinale Oldsmobile GMC Truck, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Cardinale Mazda VW, Community Automotive Group, Inc., doing business as Community Volkswagen, Antelope Valley Nissan, Inc., a California corporation, doing business as Antelope Valley Nissan/Volkswagen & M&M Automotive Group, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Volkswagen of Oakland, Defendants, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Volkswagen Credit, Defendant, represented by Andrew Zachary Edelstein , Mayer Brown LLP, John Nadolenco , Mayer Brown LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP, Matthew A. Schwartz , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Neil Michael Soltman , Mayer Brown LLP, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Suhana S. Han , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Hysen-Johnson Ford, Inc., Defendant, represented by Andrew Zachary Edelstein , Mayer Brown LLP, John Nadolenco , Mayer Brown LLP, Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP & Neil Michael Soltman , Mayer Brown LLP.

Clovis Auto Cars, a California Corporation, doing business as Clovis Volkswagen, Mossy Automotive Group El Cajon, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Mossy Volkswagen El Cajon, Volkswagen of Downtown LA LP, a California Limited Partnership, doing business as Volkswagen of Downtown LA, DGDG 5, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Capitol Volkswagen & Hansel-Prestige, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Hansel Volkswagen of Santa Rosa, Defendants, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP.

Porsche Financial Services, Inc. & Porsche Leasing Limited, Defendants, represented by Kristine McAlister Brown , ALSTON & BIRD LLP & Michael Ross Tein , Lewis Tein PL.

Rupert Stadler, Defendant, represented by Abbe David Lowell , Chadbourne & Parke LLP, pro hac vice & Robb Christopher Adkins , Winston and Strawn LLP.

Hutchins Imports, Inc., doing business as O'Connor Volkswagen, Defendant, represented by Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC.

North Penn Imports, Inc., doing business as North Penn Volkswagen & Young Volkswagen, Defendants, represented by Gerard Cedrone , Lavin, O'Neil Ricci Cedrone & DiSipio.

Roseville Volkswagen, LLC, an Oregon Corporation, Defendant, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & Matthew Henry Marmolejo , Mayer Brown LLP.

Ed Schmidt Auto Inc., doing business as Ed Schmidt Auto Group & Ganley Westside Imports, Inc., Defendants, represented by Hugh J. Bode , Reminger & Reminger Co LPA.

Payne Imports, LLP, doing business as Payne Mission Mitsubishi-Volkswagen-Suzuki, Defendant, represented by C. Vernon Hartline, Jr. , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP & Darrell L. Barger , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP.

Payne Imports, LLP, doing business as, Defendant, represented by Richard White Crews, Jr. , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP.

City Chevrolet, a California Corporation, formerly doing business as City Chevrolet Volkswagen, Defendant, represented by Monika Lina Sullivan , CALLAHAN THOMPSON SHERMAN and CAUDILL LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP.

Bert Smith Oldsmobile, Inc. & Lokey Oldsmobile, Inc., Defendants, represented by Samantha Crawford Duke , Rumberger Kirk & Caldwell.

VW Credit Inc, Defendant, represented by Marc A. Lackner , McGuireWoods LLP, pro hac vice, Mark D. Etchart , BROWNING KALECZYC BERRY & HOVEN & Suhana S. Han , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Wells Fargo Bank N.A, Defendant, represented by Bradley Craig Sweat , CROWLEY FLECK PLLP.

Bank of America, N.A., Defendant, represented by Kenneth Michael Kliebard , Morgan Lewis Bockius LLP, pro hac vice, Gregory Thomas Fouts , Morgan Lewis Bockius LLP, pro hac vice & Tera Marie Heintz , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP.

Mossy Automotive Group II, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Mossy Volkswagen Escondido, Defendant, represented by John Darrow Echeverria , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Steven Howell, Defendant, pro se.

Bogdan Barwacz, Defendant, represented by Jason Bryant McGary , Strong Law Offices, pro hac vice.

Jonathan Browning, Defendant, represented by Thomas J. Kelly, Jr. , Dentons, pro hac vice & Kenneth J. Pfaehler , Dentons.

Bob Baker Volkswagen, a California Corporation, doing business as Bob Baker Volkswagen Subaru, Defendant, represented by John Darrow Echeverria , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP.

Faulkner--Ciocca Volkswagen, Defendant, represented by James Paul DeAngelo , McNees Wallace and Nurick LLC.

Payne Dealer Group Management Co., Inc., Wisch Imports, L.L.C., Ancira Motor Company, doing business as Ancira Volkswagen, North Park I-10 West, Inc., doing business as North Park Volkswagen of Dominion, Archer Volkswagen, Inc., Arlington Dealership Acquisition, L.P., in its assumed name of Randy Hiley Mazda/Volkswagen of Arlington & Boardwalk Transportation North, LLC, in its assumed name of McKinney Volkswagen, Defendants, represented by C. Vernon Hartline, Jr. , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP, Darrell L. Barger , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP & Richard White Crews, Jr. , Hartline Dacus Barger Dreyer LLP.

Valenti Motors, Inc. & Flemington Volkswagen, Defendants, represented by Jeffrey Lance Chase , Herzfeld & Rubin PC, Michael R. McDonald , Gibbons PC & Natalie Marie Lefkowitz , Chase Kurshan Herzfeld & Rubin LLC.

UAG VK LLC, Larry H. Miller Corporation - Avondale, Showcase Automotive LLC, Saturn of West Phoenix Incorporated, a corporation, doing business as Lunde's Peoria Volkswagen, United Ranch Automotive LLC, doing business as Audi North Scottsdale, Earnhardt V. Incorporated & Chapman Scottsdale Autoplex LLC, Defendants, represented by Cameron Aaron Arthur , Bowman & Brooke LLP, Curtis James Busby , Bowman & Brooke LLP & Paul Gerard Cereghini , Bowman and Brooke LLP.

Volkswagen Group of America Chattanooga Operations LLC, Defendant, represented by Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Andrew R. Levin , Sugarman Rogers Barshak & Cohen, PC, Brett R. Leland , Verrill Dana LLP, David M.J. Rein, Esq. , Sullivan & Cromwell, pro hac vice, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Stephen D. Bell , Dorsey & Whitney LLP, Stuart A. Drake , Kirkland and Ellis LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Michelle Wright, Defendant, represented by Ellen Ezelle Turnage , Kazerouni Law Group, APC, Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart & Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Weeks Automobile Corp., Defendant, represented by Michael Thad Allen , Day Pitney LLP & Paul D. Williams , Day Pitney LLP.

Ralph Thayer Automotive Livonia, Incorporated, Defendant, represented by Cheryl A. Bush , Bush, Seyferth & Paige, PLLC.

Barrier Group LLC & The Robert Larson Automotive Group, Inc, Defendants, represented by John Alan Knox , Williams Kastner & Gibbs & P. Arley Harrel , Williams Kastner & Gibbs, PLLC.

Chapman German Autos LLC, Defendant, represented by Cameron Aaron Arthur , Bowman & Brooke LLP, Curtis James Busby , Bowman & Brooke LLP, Edwin D. Fleming , Burch and Cracchiolo, PA & Paul Gerard Cereghini , Bowman and Brooke LLP.

Carmax Auto Superstore, Defendant, represented by Kurt Schlichter , Schlichter and Shonack, LLP.

Esq. Megan Cloud, McGuireWoods LLP & Esq. James F. Neale, Defendants, represented by Bryant J. Spann , Thomas Combs & Spann & David B. Thomas , Thomas Combs & Spann.

Direct B, LLC, doing business as Brandon Volkswagen, Defendant, represented by Michael D. Begey , Rumberger, Kirk & Caldwell, PA & Samantha Crawford Duke , Rumberger Kirk & Caldwell.

VW Credit, Inc., Defendant, represented by Adam K. Bult , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, Andrew J. Finn , Cheryl A. Bush , Bush, Seyferth & Paige, PLLC, Emily Anne Ellis , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Shreck, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Bud Brown Volkswagen, LLC, Defendant, represented by David M. Eisenberg , Baker, Sterchi, Cowden & Rice, LLC & John W. Cowden , Baker, Sterchi, Cowden & Ric, LLC.

Mr. John Donich, Defendant, represented by Jason Scott Leiker , Levy Craig Law Firm.

Volkswagen Group of America Finance, LLC, Defendant, represented by Robert J. Giuffra, Jr. , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Matthew A. Schwartz , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Sharon L. Nelles , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Suhana S. Han , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Volkswagen of Downtown LA LP, a California Limited Partnership, Defendant, represented by Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Wray Automotive Inc, Defendant, represented by Charles J. Baker, III , Womble Carlyle Sandridge and Rice, Dana Woodrum Lang , Womble Carlyle Sandridge and Rice & Henry Buist Smythe, Jr. , Womble Carlyle Sandridge and Rice.

Moffitt Volkswagen, Inc. & Walker Volkswagen, Inc., Defendants, represented by April L. Watson , Sessions, Fishman & Nathan & Joy Goldberg Braun , Sessions, Fishman, Nathan & Israel.

VW Credit Leasing, LTD., Defendant, represented by Adam K. Bult , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck & Emily Anne Ellis , Brownstein Hyatt Farber Shreck.

FCA US LLC & Audi Atkiengesellschaft, Defendants, represented by William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Robert Masin, Defendant, represented by Danielle R. Beauvais , Beauvais Law Firm, LLC.

Asbury SC JPV LLC, doing business as Porsche of Greenville, Defendant, represented by Paul Thomas Collins , Nelson Mullins Riley and Scarborough LLP, pro hac vice.

VKS Murrieta Limited Partnersip, a California Limited Partnership, doing business as Volkswagen of Murrieta, Defendant, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

New Century Autos Inc., a California corporation, doing business as New Century Volkswagen, Sullivan Motorcars, LLC, a California Limited Liability Corporation, doing business as Volkswagen Santa Monica, Mission Volkswagen Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Capistrano Volkswagen Inc., McKenna Motors Cerritos, Inc., a California corporation, doing business as McKenna Volkswagen, Michael Cadillac, Inc., a California corporation, doing business as Michael Automotive Center, GSM Auto Group II, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Audi Mission Viejo, Norm Reeves Volkswagen Superstore, Jones BH Acquisition, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Audi Beverly Hills, Rusnak/Pasadena, a California Corporation, doing business as Rusnak Pasadena Audi, Walters Auto Sales and Service, Inc., a California Corporation, LLH, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Hanlees Hilltop Volkswagen, DWVW, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Volkswagen of San Bernardino, Key Howard, Incorporated, a California Corporation, doing business as Keyes Audi, Trans Ocean Motor Co., Inc., a California corporation, doing business as Volkswagen Pasadena, Ashley Imports, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Merced Volkswagen-Kia-Daewoo, Perry Automotive Group, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Perry Ford Lincoln Volkswagen, McKenna Motors Huntington Beach, Inc., doing business as McKenna Volkswagen, M and A. Desert Motor Car Company, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Volkswagen of Palm Springs, Anderson Enterprises, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Royal Motor Sales, VKS Murrieta Limited Partnership, a California Limited Partnership, doing business as Volkswagen of Murrieta, Riverside Metro Group, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, Mesa Imports, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Puente Hills Volkswagen, Central Valley VH, Inc., doing business as Central Valley Volkswagen Hyundai, Irvine Auto Retail II, Inc., a California Corporation, doing business as Norm Reeves Volkswagen Superstore, Audi South Coast, County-Wide Rambler, Inc., doing business as Volkswagen of Garden Grove, Livingston Volkswagen, Inc., a California Corporation & Parkway Motorcars Valencia, Inc., doing business as Parkway Volkswagen, Defendants, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Fifth Third Bank, Defendant, represented by Alicia M. Stefanski , Dinsmore & Shohl.

SouthWest Volkswagen, Inc., Defendant, represented by Ellie T. Schilling , Schonekas, Evans, McGoey & McEachin, LLC.

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, Defendant, represented by Madison Blaine Carey Miller , Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality.

State of Delaware, Defendant, represented by Valerie Satterfield Edge , DE Attorney General.

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpua & Siuslaw Indians, Defendant, represented by Rick Eichstaedt .

White Mountain Apache Tribe, Defendant, represented by George R. Hesse , George Hesse, P.L.L.C.

Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Defendant, represented by Steven Joseph Gunn .

Hysen-Johnson Ford, Inc., a California corporation, doing business as Perry Ford Lincoln, Corbro, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, doing business as Stevens Creek Volkswagen, McKenna Motorcars Cerritos, Inc., a California Corporation & DDS Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Sunnyvale Volkswagen, Defendants, represented by Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Michael Howard Steinberg , Sullivan & Cromwell, LLP, Natalie Anne Muscatello , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP & Sverker Kristoffer Hogberg , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.

Sunrise Imports, LLC, Defendant, represented by Jeffrey Lance Chase , Herzfeld & Rubin PC, Michael B. Gallub , Herzfeld and Rubin & Natalie Marie Lefkowitz , Chase Kurshan Herzfeld & Rubin LLC.

Volkswagen Group Of America Inc., Defendant, represented by Paul Thomas Collins , Nelson Mullins Riley and Scarborough LLP, pro hac vice, Andrew J. Finn , Diane McGimsey , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Laura Kabler Oswell , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, Suhana S. Han , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP & William B. Monahan , Sullivan and Cromwell LLP.

Judge Michael Fields, Defendant, represented by Charles Wade Miller , Heygood, Orr & Pearson & Eric Donovan Pearson , Heygood, Orr & Pearson, pro hac vice.

Marin Sorinel Simpetru, Defendant, represented by Andy Dogali , Forizs & Dogali, P.A.

Samuel J. Fortier, Defendant, pro se.

Stadler Rupert, Defendant, represented by Robb Christopher Adkins , Winston and Strawn LLP.

Herbert H. Slatery, III, Defendant, represented by Wilson Buntin , Tennessee Attorney General's Office, pro hac vice.

Walter Melnyk, Respondent, represented by Patrick St. George Cousins , Cousins Law Firm, AA.

Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Respondent, represented by Steve W. Berman , Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, pro hac vice.

Steven S. Vahidi, National Warranty Corporation, Respondent, pro se.

National Warranty Corporation, National Warranty Corporation, Respondent, represented by Steven S. Vahidi , Yukevich & Cavanaugh.

CNA National Warranty Corporation, Respondent, represented by Geoffrey David Godwin , Squire Patton Boggs LLP.

Chester County Employees Retirement Fund & Delaware County Employees Retirement System, Movants, represented by Craig Crandall Reilly , Law Office of Craig C. Reilly & Joe Kendall , Kendall Law Group PLLC, pro hac vice.

Volkswagen Investor Group, Movant, represented by Joshua Seth Devore , Dickenson Peatman & Fogarty.

Puerto Rico Government Employees and Judiciary Retirement Systems Administration, Movant, represented by Ian David Berg , Abraham, Fruchter & Twersky, LLP & Takeo A. Kellar , Abraham, Fruchter & Twersky, LLP.

Mancel L. Mueller, Mr. Curt Benefield, Mrs. Janice Benefield, Francisco De La Garza, Crystal Del Valle, Jena Egan, Jonathan Finch, Howard Gayre, Noe Gomez, Andrea Vidal Gonzales, Mr. Guadalupe Vidal Gonzales, Tanya Hedgepeth, William Hedgepeth, Elisa Llanes, Patrick Llanes, Rodolfo Montelongo, Joseph R. Mulkey-Hulsey, Katherin E. Mulkey-Hulsey, Shelby Vazquez, David N. Yandon & Laura Yandon, Movants, represented by Mark Stephen Cichowski , Davis law Firm.

Marc Portlock, Movant, pro se.

Marc D. Portlock, Movant, pro se.

Eric D. Pearson, Movant, pro se.

Anthony Altomare, 3rd party plaintiff, pro se.

Anita Laspina, Interested Party, represented by James E. Cecchi , Carella Byrne Cecchi Olstein Brody & Agnello, P.C.

Sandra Underwood, Interested Party, represented by Daniel N. Gallucci , Nastlaw, LLC, pro hac vice, Dianne M. Nast , NastLaw LLC, pro hac vice & Joanne E. Matusko , NASTLAW.

Altroconsumo, Interested Party, represented by William M. Audet , Audet & Partners, LLP & Steven Richard Weinmann , Audet & Partners LLP.

Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, Interested Party, represented by Perry Maurice Theriot , State of Louisiana & Spencer Brimmer Bowman , La Dept. of Envron Quality.

Serra Traverse City, LLC, Interested Party, represented by James Edward DeLine , Kerr Russell and Weber, PLC, pro hac vice.

State of Utah, Interested Party, represented by Connie Sue Nakahara , Utah Office of the Attorney General & Craig W. Anderson , Utah Attorney General's Office.

State of Nebraska, Interested Party, represented by Annette M. Kovar , Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality.

Commonwealth of Kentucky, Interested Party, represented by Lisa Jones , KY Energy and Environment Cabinet.

Altomare Auto Group, LLC, Interested Party, represented by Victor Philip Danhi , Arent Fox.

Commonwealth of Virginia, Interested Party, represented by Matthew Lee Gooch , Office of the Attorney General.

State of Arizona, Interested Party, represented by Anni L. Foster , Office of Arizona Governor Doug Ducey.

State of Iowa, Interested Party, represented by William Robert Pearson , Iowa Department of Justice.

State of Oregon, Interested Party, represented by Paul Andrew Garrahan , Oregon Department of Justice.

State of Idaho, Lisa Carlson, Attorney, Idaho State Bar No. 4043, Interested Party, represented by Lisa Jane Carlson , Idaho Attorney General's Office.

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Interested Party, represented by Denise Maldonado .

State of North Carolina, Interested Party, represented by Teresa Townsend , NC Department of Justice.

Cherokee Nation, Interested Party, represented by Brian Lee Zagon , Van Ness Feldman, LLP, Chad Cody Harsha , Cherokee Nation, pro hac vice & Sara Hill , Cherokee Nation.

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, Interested Party, represented by Michael M. Frandina , The Askman Law Firm.

Wilmington Trust N.A., as Trustee for the Volkswagen Diesel Emissions Environmental Mitigation Trust for State Beneficiaries, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, Interested Party, represented by Michele Dawn Ross , Reed Smith LLP.

Mark Fourtounis, Interested Party, represented by Walter Ehrnfelt , Waldheger Coyne, pro hac vice.

Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska, Interested Party, represented by Richard D. Monkman , Sonosky, Chambers, Sachse, Miller and Monkman, LLP.

Enterprise Holdings, Inc., Claimant, represented by Daniel Allen Sasse , Crowell & Moring LLP.

State of South Carolina, Claimant, represented by Gwendolyn Fuller McGriff , SC Department of Insurance.

State of West Virginia, Claimant, represented by Stacy Jacques , WV Division of Highways.

Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut, Claimant, represented by Kevin W. Meisner , Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut.

White Mountain Apache Tribe, Claimant, represented by George R. Hesse , George Hesse, P.L.L.C.

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, Claimant, represented by Monte Christopher Gray , Shoshone-Bannock Tribes.

Farchione Motors, Inc, Kennedy's Autos, LLC & Autovid, LLC, Claimants, represented by John H. Cigavic, III , Basic Legal Services.

Haddad Insurance Services, Inc. d/b/a H.I.S. Automotive & Finance, Claimant, represented by Jacob Lawrence Boehner , Greenspoon Marder LLP & Murray Bruce Silverstein , Greenspoon Marder LLP.

Zachary Armstrong, Rebecca Asper, Carbitrage, LLC, Christopher Clifford, Adam Forsloff, Arlen Glick, Dale Glick, Tyler Lage, John D. Miller, Joseph J. Miller, Runde Chevrolet, Inc., USA Auto, Inc., B & A. Transit, LLC, HMR Corp. of Hollywood, Valentin Lapatskiy, Volody Nesteruk, Heinrich Rosenecker, Chalevs Rebuildables, LLC, Nikoly Dipon, Lyf Harry Erickson, Ciprian Horea Florea, James Hatcher, Indy Motorwerks, Inc., Jerome A. Johnson, Leonid Kowalik, Olga Lapatskaya, Petr Lapatskiy, Kseniya Lyubina, Mariya Mineva, Daniel Nedeoglo, Tanyo Atanasov Penchev, Gergana Pencheva, Larisa Shvetsov, Pavel Shvetsov, Tatiana Shvetsov, Dragana Stanisic, Jeff Wollenburg, ZR Services, Inc., Joel Corrigan, William Derkach, Vitaliy Dyachkin, Gavriel Jerusalem, Marina Malova, Andrew Mellon, Oleg Penkov, Planet Car Sales Inc., Rent-A-Benz LLC, Yelena Savchuk, Roman Sedykh, Eric Steffensmeier, Teodora Trentchev, Ruslan Yanovskiy, DS Enterprises 2 Inc, Zenonas Simkevicius, Benjamin Mavru, Viorica Serban, Autobahn Auto, Inc., Autobahn Sales, Inc., Dan C. Bora, Elena Bora, Laura Constantinescu, Ovidiu Constantinescu, Odila Ibarra, Sandel Nisa, Ring Auto, LLC & Alina Pugach, Claimants, represented by Murray Bruce Silverstein , Greenspoon Marder LLP.

Duvall Ford Company, Inc., Claimant, represented by Gavin Michael Hughes , Law Offices of Gavin M. Hughes & Robert Anthony Mayville, Jr. , Law Offices of Gavin M. Hughes.

Sergey N. Kobrya, Claimant, represented by Andy Dogali , Forizs & Dogali, P.A.

Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Claimant, represented by George Wright , Citizen Potawatomi Nation.

Native Village of Savoonga, native village of koyuk, Native Village of Brevig Mission, Chinik Eskimo Community, Native Village of Gambell & Native Village of White Mountain, Claimants, represented by John A. Bioff , Kawerak, Inc.

Marc Chechik, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situtated, Objector, represented by John C. Kress , The Kress Law Firm, LLC, Jonathan E. Fortman , Law Office of Jonathan E. Fortman, LLC & Steve A. Miller , Steve A. Miller, P.C.

Jessica Grace Li & Alexander D. Birner, Objectors, represented by Paul Michael Monzione , Law Offices of Paul M. Monzione, PC.

Susan Day, Objector, represented by Roger Ian Teich .

Matthew Comlish, Objector, represented by Anna St. John , Competitive Enterprise Institute Center for Class Action Fairness & Theodore Harold Frank , Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute.

Martha Barrera, Shawn Blanton, Travis Bourland, Steven Bracht, Pablo Cortez, Jonathan Evans, Evangelina Falcon, Leonel Falcon, Luis Guarjardo, Eliseo Hernanadez, Allison Kaminski, David N. King, Sean Luchnick, Maria C. Martinez-Diaz, Duncan Moskowitz, Paul Munro, Brian Planto, Angela Purvis, Ronnie Robledo, Ray A. Sarabia, Storm Taliaferrow, Terry Woodford & Corey Tate, Objectors, represented by Mark Stephen Cichowski , Davis law Firm.

Marcia Weese, Objector, represented by Caroline Victoria Tucker , TUCKER POLLARD & Matt Kurilich .

Wheels, Inc., Objector, represented by Daniel Allen Sasse , Crowell & Moring LLP.

Shereef Moharram, Objector, represented by Leila J. Noel , Cappello & Noel.

Andres Lujan, Objector, pro se.

Maria Lujan, Objector, pro se.

Romella El Kharzazi, Objector, pro se.

Glenn Brittain, William Butts, Melanie Dykes, Mary Ellen Greaves & Keith Smith, Objectors, represented by Thomas Andrew Crosley , The Crosley Law Firm, P.C.

Rudolf Sodamin, Objector, represented by Stephen Field , Stephen D. Field, PA, pro hac vice.

CMS Volkswagen Holdings, LLC d/b/a Palisades Volkswagen, Objector, represented by Victor Philip Danhi , Arent Fox.

Mission Bay Motors, Inc, Objector, represented by Michael Theodore Whittington , Attorney at Law.

Competitive Enterprise Institute's Center for Class Action Fairness, Amicus, represented by Anna St. John , Competitive Enterprise Institute Center for Class Action Fairness & Theodore Harold Frank , Hamilton Lincoln Law Institute.

ChargePoint, Inc., Amicus, represented by Douglas Andrew Winthrop , Arnold & Porter LLP.

Harris Chevrolet II, doing business as Brian Harris Audi, Amicus, represented by April L. Watson , Sessions, Fishman & Nathan, David Michael Vaughn , Vaughn & Associates, LLC & Joy Goldberg Braun , Sessions, Fishman, Nathan & Israel.

Harris County, Texas, Amicus, represented by Russell Post , Beck Redden LLP.

State of Texas, Amicus, represented by Anthony Wayne Benedict , State of Texas Office of Attorney General, pro hac vice.

Daniel Fernandez Abad, Eric Barriere, CHT LLC, Milos Cebik, Jean-Luc Demierre, Olivier Demierre, Juan Merino Hernandez, Luca Imerone, Christian Kleine, Marcin Kochanowicz, Barbara Magierski, Jan Magierski, Magdalena Milosz, Pedro Monnerville, Konstantinos Christodoulou Monoprosopi E.P.E., Dr. Richard L. Parsons, Giovanni Patriti, Katharina Prinzessin zu Hohenlohe, Jan Racek, Thomas Sioulas, Vitalii Trots, Wolverhampton City Counsel & Eithne Higgins, Miscellaneouss, represented by Warren Tavares Burns , Burns Charest LLP.

Karen Friedmann & Laila Burgdorff, Miscellaneouss, represented by Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC.

Chadwick Burgdorff, Miscellaneous, represented by Sara Fatehmeh Khosroabadi , Kazerouni Law Group, APC & Joshua Branden Swigart , Hyde & Swigart.

State of Connecticut, Miscellaneous, represented by Scott Norman Koschwitz , Office of the Attorney General.

State of Michigan, Miscellaneous, represented by Neil D. Gordon , Michigan Department of Attorney General.

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, Miscellaneous, represented by Madison Blaine Carey Miller , Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality.

State of Kansas, Miscellaneous, represented by Kate Gleeson , Kansas Dept of Health and Environment.

State of Washington, Miscellaneous, represented by Katharine G. Shirey .

State of Hawaii, Miscellaneous, represented by Gregg Jonathan Kinkley , Hawaii Attorney General Office.

State of Alaska, Miscellaneous, represented by Brian Bjorkquist , Alaska Attorney General's Office.

State of Nevada, Miscellaneous, represented by Belinda A. Suwe , Nevada Office of the Attorney General.

State of Wisconsin, Miscellaneous, represented by Anna Wildeman , Wisconsin Department of Justice.

State of Texas, Miscellaneous, represented by David Arthur Terry , Office of Texas Attorney General.

State of North Dakota, Miscellaneous, represented by Margaret Olson , ND Office of Atty General.

State of New Jersey, Miscellaneous, represented by Aaron Love , New Jersey Office of the Attorney General.

State of South Dakota, Miscellaneous, represented by Steven R. Blair , Office of the South Dakota Attorney General.

DEP State of Florida, Miscellaneous, represented by Michael James Weiss , Florida Department of Environmental Protection.

Gila River Indian Community, Miscellaneous, represented by Naomi Yvonne Bebo , Gila River Indian Community.

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, Miscellaneous, represented by Niccole LaNise King , Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community.

San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, Miscellaneous, represented by JoAnne Michelle Hickey , San Manuel Band of Mission Indians.

Pueblo of Isleta, Miscellaneous, represented by Francine Jaramillo , Pueblo of Isleta.

Southern Ute Indian Tribe, Miscellaneous, represented by Julianne Begay , Southern Ute Indian Tribe Legal Department.

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpua & Siuslaw Indians, Miscellaneous, represented by Rick Eichstaedt .

Three Affiliated Tribes, Miscellaneous, represented by John M. Peebles , Fredericks Peebles & Morgan LLP.

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Miscellaneous, represented by Rodney Dennis Ickes , R. Dennis Ickes Professional Corporation.

Fidelity Warranty Services, Inc., Miscellaneous, represented by Simona Alessandra Agnolucci , Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP.

Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Miscellaneous, represented by Charissa Eichman , Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation.

Elk Valley Rancheria, California, Miscellaneous, represented by Bradley G. Bledsoe Downes , Bledsoe Downes, PC.

City of Galena, Alaska, Miscellaneous, represented by Charles Cacciola , Boyd, Chandler, Falconer, Munson, LLP.

Koyukuk Native Village & Village of Venetie, Miscellaneouss, represented by Marna Kranenburg , Tanana Chiefs Conference.

Forest County Potawatomi Community, Miscellaneous, represented by Sara Drescher , Forest County Potawatomi Community.

Native Village of Elim, Huslia Village, Notice of Filing D-3 Beneficiary Certification, Iqurmiut Traditional Council, Notice of Filing D-3 Beneficiary Certification, Native Village of Kwinhagak, Notice of Filing D-3 Beneficiary Certification, Noorvik Native Community, Notice of Filing D-3 Beneficiary Certification, Organized Village of Grayling, D-3 Certification for Beneficiary Status & Anvik Traditional Council, Anvik Traditional Council, Miscellaneouss, represented by Sheila Lynn Erwin , Kemppel, Huffman and Ellis.

Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe, Miscellaneous, represented by Johanne Sullivan , Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe.

Yurok Tribe, Miscellaneous, represented by Maggie Marie Poffenbarger , Yurok Tribe.

Nez Perce Tribe, Miscellaneous, represented by Julie Marie Kane , Nez Perce Tribe.

Mr. Ronald Clark Fleshman, Jr., Intervenor, represented by James B. Feinman , Law office of James B. Feinman, pro hac vice.