L. W. BY AND THROUGH WILLIAMS v. SKRMETTI

No. 23-5600, No. 23-5609.

83 F.4th 460 (2023)

L. W., BY AND THROUGH her parents and next friends, Samantha WILLIAMS and Brian Williams; Samantha Williams; Brian Williams; John Doe, by and through his parents and next friends, Jane Doe and James Doe; Jane Doe; James Doe; Ryan Roe, by and through his parent and next friend, Rebecca Roe; Rebecca Roe; Susan N. Lacy, on behalf of herself and her patients, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Jonathan Thomas SKRMETTI, in his official capacity as the Tennessee Attorney General and Reporter, et al., Defendants-Appellants, United States of America, Intervenor-Appellee. Jane Doe 1, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. William C. Thornbury, Jr., M.D., in his official capacity as the President of the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure, et al., Defendants, Commonwealth of Kentucky ex rel. Daniel Cameron, Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Intervenor-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

Decided and Filed: September 28, 2023.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Clark L. Hildabrand , OFFICE OF THE TENNESSEE ATTORNEY GENERAL & REPORTER, Nashville, Tennessee, for Tennessee Appellants. Barbara Schwabauer , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Intervenor-Appellee. Chase Strangio , AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION, New York, New York, for L. W. Appellees. Matthew F. Kuhn , OFFICE OF THE KENTUCKY ATTORNEY GENERAL, Frankfort, Kentucky, for Intervenor-Appellant. Stephanie Schuster , MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS, LLP, Washington, D.C., for Jane Doe I Appellees.

ON BRIEF: Clark L. Hildabrand , Steven J. Griffin , Brooke A. Huppenthal , OFFICE OF THE TENNESSEE ATTORNEY GENERAL & REPORTER, Nashville, Tennessee, Adam K. Mortara , LAWFAIR LLC, Nashville, Tennessee, Cameron T. Norris , Tiffany H. Bates , CONSOVOY MCCARTHY PLLC, Arlington Virginia, for Tennessee Appellants. Barbara Schwabauer , Bonnie I. Robin-Vergeer , Jonathan L. Backer , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Intervenor-Appellee. Joshua A. Block , Chase Strangio , James D. Esseks , AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION, New York, New York, Stella Yarbrough , Lucas Cameron-Vaughn , ACLU FOUNDATION OF TENNESSEE, Nashville, Tennessee, Sruti J. Swaminathan , LAMBDA LEGAL DEFENSE AND EDUCATION FUND, INC., New York, New York, Tara Borelli , LAMBDA LEGAL DEFENSE AND EDUCATION FUND, INC., Decatur, Georgia, Christopher J. Gessner , David Bethea , AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD LLP, Washington, D.C., Dean L. Chapman, Jr. , AKIN GUMP, New York, New York, for L. W. Appellees. Victor B. Maddox , Matthew F. Kuhn , Alexander Y. Magera , OFFICE OF THE KENTUCKY ATTORNEY GENERAL, Frankfort, Kentucky, for Intervenor-Appellant. Corey Shapiro , Heather Gatnarek , Crystal Fryman , Kevin Muench , ACLU OF KENTUCKY FOUNDATION, Louisville, Kentucky, Stephanie Schuster , MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS LLP, Washington, D.C., Shannon Minter , Christopher F. Stoll , NATIONAL CENTER FOR LESBIAN RIGHTS, San Francisco, California, for Jane Doe I Appellees. Christopher Mills , SPERO LAW LLC, Charleston, South Carolina, Kara Dansky , WOMEN'S DECLARATION INTERNATIONAL USA, Washington, D.C., Andrew M. Nussbaum , NUSSBAUM GLEASON, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Mary E. McAlister , CHILD & PARENTAL RIGHTS CAMPAIGN, INC., Johns Creek, Georgia, Edmund G. LaCour, Jr. , A. Barrett Bowdre , OFFICE OF THE ALABAMA ATTORNEY GENERAL, Montgomery, Alabama, Jonathan F. Mitchell , MITCHELL LAW PLLC, Austin, Texas, Gene P. Hamilton , AMERICA FIRST LEGAL FOUNDATION, Washington, D.C., John J. Bursch , ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM, Washington, D.C., Jacob P. Warner , ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM, Scottsdale, Arizona, Joshua K. Payne , CAMPBELL MILLER PAYNE, PLLC, Dallas, Texas, David E. Fowler , ALLIANCE FOR LAW AND LIBERTY, Franklin, Tennessee, Eli Savit , WASHTENAW COUNTY PROSECUTING ATTORNEY, Ann Arbor, Michigan, D. Jean Veta , Cortlin Lannin , William Isasi , Emily Mondry , Yuval Mor , COVINGTON & BURLING, LLP, Washington, D.C., Anna Rich , OFFICE OF THE CALIFORNIA ATTORNEY GENERAL, Oakland, California, Tricia R. Herzfeld , Benjamin A. Gastel , HERZFELD, SUETHOLZ, GASTEL, LENISKI & WALL, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee, Kathleen Hartnett , Julie Veroff , Zoe Helstrom , COOLEY LLP, San Francisco, California, Katelyn Kang , COOLEY LLP, New York, New York, Elizabeth F. Reinhardt , COOLEY LLP, Washington, D.C., Carmine D. Boccuzzi, Jr. , Howard S. Zelbo , JD Colavecchio , Lindsay Harris , Allison Caramico CLEARY GOTTLIEB STEEN & HAMILTON LLP, New York, New York, Gabriel Arkles , Sydney Duncan , Seran Gee , TRANSGENDER LEGAL DEFENSE & EDUCATION FUND, INC., New York, New York, Chasel Lee , JENNER & BLOCK LLP, San Francisco, California, Jocelyn A. Sitton , JENNER & BLOCK LLP, Chicago, Illinois, Adam G. Unikowsky , JENNER & BLOCK LLP, Washington, D.C., Andrew Rhys Davies , WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE and DORR LLP, New York, New York, Barbara Schwabauer , Bonnie I. Robin-Vergeer , Jonathan L. Backer , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae.

SUTTON, C.J., delivered the opinion of the court in which THAPAR, J., joined. WHITE, J. (pp. 491-513), delivered a separate dissenting opinion.


OPINION

At issue in these two cases is whether the United States Constitution prohibits Kentucky and Tennessee from limiting certain sex-transition treatments for minors experiencing gender dysphoria.

I.

A.

Before gender dysphoria had a name, the medical profession offered a variety of treatments...

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