SWINOMISH INDIAN TRIBAL COMMUNITY v. LUMMI NATION

No. 21-35812, No. 21-35874.

80 F.4th 1056 (2023)

SWINOMISH INDIAN TRIBAL COMMUNITY; Tulalip Tribes; Upper Skagit Indian Tribe, Petitioners-Appellees, v. LUMMI NATION, Respondent-Appellant, Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians; Hoh Indian Tribe; Suquamish Indian Tribe; State of Washington; Jamestown S'klallam Tribe; Port Gamble S'klallam Tribe; Skokomish Indian Tribe; Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe; Puyallup Tribe of Indians, Real Parties in Interest. Swinomish Indian Tribal Community; Tulalip Tribes; Upper Skagit Indian Tribe, Petitioners-Appellees, v. Lummi Nation, Respondent, and Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe; Port Gamble S'klallam Tribe, Real-Party-in-Interest-Appellants, Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians; Hoh Indian Tribe; Suquamish Indian Tribe; State of Washington; Skokomish Indian Tribe; Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe; Puyallup Tribe of Indians, Real Parties in Interest.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed September 11, 2023.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

James R. Sigel (argued), James M. Schurz , Mark D. McPherson , and Camille Framroze ; Morrison & Foerster LLP, San Francisco, California; Deanne E. Maynard , Morrison & Foerster LLP, Washington, D.C.; for Respondent-Appellant Lummi Nation.

Emily H. Haley (argued) and James M. Jannetta , Office of the Tribal Attorney, Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, La Conner, Washington; for Petitioner-Appellee Swinomish Indian Tribal Community.

David S. Hawkins (argued), Upper Skagit Indian Tribe, Sedro Wooley, Washington; Arthur W. Harrigan Jr. , Tyler L. Farmer , and Bryn R. Pallesen , Harrigan Leyh Farmer & Thomsen LLP, Seattle, Washington; for Petitioner-Appellee Upper Skagit Indian Tribe.

Lauren P. Rasmussen (argued), Law Offices of Lauren P. Rasmussen, Seattle, Washington, for Real-Parties-in-Interest Appellants Jamestown S'Klallam and Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribes.

Mason D. Morisset and Thane D. Somerville , Morisset Schlosser Jozwiak & Somerville PC, Seattle, Washington, for Petitioner-Appellee Tulalip Tribes.

Joseph V. Panesko , Assistant Attorney General, Office of the Washington Attorney General, Olympia, Washington, for Real-Party-in-Interest State of Washington.

Craig J. Dorsay , Corin La Pointe-Aitchison , and Lea Ann Easton , Dorsay & Easton LLP, Portland, Oregon, for Real-Party-in-Interest Hoh Indian Tribe.

Rob R. Smith , Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP, Seattle, Washington, for Real-Party-in-Interest Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians.

Maryanne E. Mohan , Suquamish Tribe, Suquamish, Washington; John W. Ogan , Law Office of John W. Ogan, Sisters, Oregon; for Real-Party-in-Interest Suquamish Indian Tribe.

Earle D. Lees III , Skokomish Indian Tribe, Shelton, Washington, for Real-Party-in-Interest Skokomish Indian Tribe.

Samuel D. Hough , Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, Washington; Stephen H. Suagee , Suagee Attorney at Law, Port Angeles, Washington; for Real-Party-in-Interest Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe.

Samuel J. Stiltner and Alec Wrolson , Puyallup Tribe of Indians, Tacoma, Washington, for Real-Party-in-Interest Puyallup Tribe of Indians.

Before: Sandra S. Ikuta and Daniel P. Collins, Circuit Judges, and Sidney A. Fitzwater, District Judge.


OPINION

This is the latest proceeding in a long-running case regarding Indian fishing rights in certain waters in Washington State. The governing law is a 1974 decree issued by Judge George Boldt of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington, which settled various competing tribal rights arising...

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