DAVES v. DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS

No. 18-11368.

64 F.4th 616 (2023)

Shannon DAVES; Shakena Walston; Erriyah Banks; Destinee Tovar; Patroba Michieka; James Thompson, on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated; Faith in Texas; Texas Organizing Project Education Fund, Plaintiffs-Appellants Cross-Appellees, v. DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS; Ernest White, 194th; Hector Garza, 195th; Raquel Jones, 203rd; Tammy Kemp, 204th; Jennifer Bennett, 265th; Amber Givens-Davis, 282nd; Lela Mays, 283rd; Stephanie Mitchell, 291st; Brandon Birmingham, 292nd; Tracy Holmes, 363rd; Tina Yoo Clinton, Number 1; Nancy Kennedy, Number 2; Gracie Lewis, Number 3; Dominique Collins, Number 4; Carter Thompson, Number 5; Jeanine Howard, Number 6; Chika Anyiam, Number 7 Judges of Dallas County, Criminal District Courts, Defendants-Appellees Cross-Appellants, Marian Brown; Terrie Mcvea; Lisa Bronchetti; Steven Autry; Anthony Randall; Janet Lusk; Hal Turley, Dallas County Magistrates; Dan Patterson, Number 1; Julia Hayes, Number 2; Doug Skemp, Number 3; Nancy Mulder, Number 4; Lisa Green, Number 5; Angela King, Number 6; Elizabeth Crowder, Number 7; Carmen White, Number 8; Peggy Hoffman, Number 9; Roberto Canas, Jr., Number 10; Shequitta Kelly, Number 11 Judges of Dallas County, Criminal Courts At Law, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

FILED March 31, 2023.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Alec George Karakatsanis, Esq. , Elizabeth Anne Rossi , Civil Rights Corps, Washington, DC, Brandon Buskey , Trisha Trigilio , American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, New York, NY, Andre Segura , American Civil Liberties Union of Texas, Houston, TX, Daniel Volchok , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr, L.L.P., Washington, DC, Andrea Woods , American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Criminal Law Reform Project, Brooklyn, NY, for Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee Shannon Daves.

Alec George Karakatsanis, Esq. , Elizabeth Anne Rossi , Civil Rights Corps, Washington, DC, Brandon Buskey , Trisha Trigilio , American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, New York, NY, Andre Segura , American Civil Liberties Union of Texas, Houston, TX, Andrea Woods , American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Criminal Law Reform Project, Brooklyn, NY, for Plaintiffs-Cross-Appellees Shakena Walston, Erriyah Banks, Destinee Tovar, Patroba Michieka, James Thompson.

Alec George Karakatsanis, Esq. , Civil Rights Corps, Washington, DC, Brandon Buskey, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, New York, NY, Andrea Woods, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, Criminal Law Reform Project, Brooklyn, NY, for Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee Faith in Texas, Texas Organizing Project Education Fund.

Jeffery T. Nobles , Katharine D. David , Benjamin R. Stephens , Husch Blackwell, L.L.P., Houston, TX, for Defendant-Appellee/Cross-Appellant Dallas County, Texas.

Jeffery T. Nobles , Katharine D. David , Benjamin R. Stephens , Husch Blackwell, L.L.P., Houston, TX, for Defendants-Appellees Marian Brown, Terrie Mcvea, Lisa Bronchetti.

Judd Edward Stone, II , Office of the Attorney General, Office of the Solicitor General, Austin, TX, William Francis Cole, Esq. , Lanora Christine Pettit , Natalie Deyo Thompson , Office of the Texas Attorney General, Solicitor General Division, Austin, TX, for Defendant-Appellees/Cross-Appellants Ernest White, 194th, Hector Garza, 195th, Raquel Jomes, 203rd, Tammy Kemp, 204th, Jennifer Bennett, 265th, Lela Mays, 283rd, Stephanie Mitchell, 291st, Tracy Holmes, 363rd, Grace Lewis, Number 3, Dominique Collins, Number 4, Carter Thompson, Number 5, Jeanine Howard, Number 6.

Jeffery T. Nobles , Katharine D. David , Benjamin R. Stephens , Husch Blackwell, L.L.P., Houston, TX, for Defendants-Appellees Steven Autry, Anthony Randall, Janet Lusk, Hal Turley, Dallas County Magistrates, Dan Patterson, Number 1, Julia Hayes, Number 2, Doug Skemp, Number 3, Nancy Mulder, Number 4, Lisa Green, Number 5, Angela King, Number 6, Elizabeth Crowder, Number 7, Carmen White, Number 8, Peggy Hoffman, Number 9, Roberto Carnas, Jr., Number 10, Shequitta Kelly, Number 11 Judges of Dallas County, Criminal Courts at Law, Chika Anyiam, Number 7 Judges of Dallas County, Criminal District Courts.

Judd Edward Stone, II , Office of the Attorney General, Office of the Solicitor General, Austin, TX, Jeffery T. Nobles , Husch Blackwell, L.L.P., Houston, TX, for Defendant-Appellees/Cross-Appellants Amber Givens-Davis, 282nd, Brandon Birmingham, 292nd, Nancy Kennedy, Number 2, Tina Yoo Clinton, Number 1.

Jared Brandon Caplan , Bradley Arant Boult Cummings, L.L.P., Houston, TX, Rachel Ann Conry , Attorney, James Bradley Robertson , Bradley Arant Boult Cummings, L.L.P., Birmingham, AL, Candice Leigh Rucker , Mississippi Attorney General's Office, Jackson, MS, for Amici Curiae National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies, Pretrial Justice Institute, National Association For Public Defense.

Jeremy David Wright , Kator, Parks & Weiser, P.L.L.C., Austin, TX, for Amici Curiae Bruce Western, Brielle Bryan, Christopher Uggen, Clause 40 Foundation, Christopher Muller, Devah Pager, John Hagan, Michael A. Stoll, John H. Laub, David J. Harding, Holly Foster, Sandra Susan Smith, Harry J. Holzer, Peter B. Edelman, Jeffrey Fagan, Kristin Turney, John J. Donohue, III, Jeffrey Morenoff, Bernard Harcourt, Paul Heaton, Jacob Goldin, Becky Pettit, Alexes Harris, Forrest Stuart, Megan Stevenson.

Thomas Phillip Brandt , Laura Dahl O'Leary , John Francis Roehm, III, Esq. , Fanning Harper Martinson Brandt & Kutchin, P.C., Dallas, TX, for Amici Curiae Texas Association of Counties, Texas Conference of Urban Counties.

Brianne Jenna Gorod , Constitutional Accountability Center, Washington, DC, for Amiens Curiae Constitutional Accountability Center.

Jay Remington Schweikert , Cato Institute, Washington, DC, for Amid Curiae Americans for Prosperity Foundation, Cato Institute, Shop Hopwood.

Thomas Royal Phillips , Mary Margaret Steinle , Baker Botts, L.L.P., Austin, TX, Janet Martini Himmel, Esq. , Fisher & Phillips, L.L.P., Denver, CO, for Amicus Curiae Conference of Chief Justice.

Patrick B. McIntire , Oats & Marino, Lafayette, LA, for Amicus Curiae Mark T. Garber.

Mary B. McCord, Esq. , Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC, for Amici Curiae Current and Former Prosecutors, Department of Justice Officials, Law Enforcement Officials, Judges.

Paul M. Kerlin , Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, L.L.P., Washington, DC, Jonathan L. Marcus, Esq. , Reed Smith, L.L.P., Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae Clergy and Religious Leaders.

Erin Helene Flynn, Esq. , Alisa Philo , U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Appellate Section, Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae United States.

Kellen Funk , Columbia University, School of Law, New York, NY, for Amicus Curiae National Law Professors of Criminal, Procedural, and Constitutional Law.

Lindsay Claire Harrison , Jermer & Block, L.L.P., Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae American Bar Association.

Before Richman, Chief Judge, and Jones, Smith, Stewart, Dennis, Elrod, Southwick, Haynes, Graves, Higginson, Willett, Ho, Duncan, Engelhardt, and Wilson, Circuit Judges.


In a second round of en banc review, we conclude that this case, whose aim was to revise by federal decree the Texas state court procedures for felony and misdemeanor pretrial bail, should never have been brought in federal court. We hold that a string of consistent Supreme Court authority commencing with Younger...

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