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OKLAHOMA v. UNITED STATES

No. 22-5487.

62 F.4th 221 (2023)

State of OKLAHOMA; Oklahoma Horse Racing Commission; Tulsa County Public Facilities Authority, dba Fair Meadows Racing and Sports Bar; State of West Virginia; West Virginia Racing Commission; Hanover Shoe Farms, Inc.; Oklahoma Quarter Horse Racing Association; Global Gaming RP, LLC, dba Remington Park; Will Rogers Downs, LLC; United States Trotting Association; State of Louisiana, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America; Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority, Inc.; Leonard S. Coleman, Jr.; Nancy M. Cox; Federal Trade Commission; Rebecca Kelly Slaughter, in Her Official Capacity as Acting Chair of the Federal Trade Commission; Noah Joshua Phillips, in His Official Capacity as Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission; Alvaro Bedoya, in His Official Capacity as Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission; Christine S. Wilson, in Her Official Capacity as Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission; Steve Beshear; Adolpho A. Birch, Jr.; Ellen McClain; Charles P. Scheeler; Joseph DeFrancis; Susan Stover; Bill Thomason; D.G. Van Clief; Lina Khan, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

Decided and Filed: March 3, 2023.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Matthew D. McGill , GIBSON, DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellants. Courtney L. Dixon , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Federal Appellees. Pratik A. Shah , AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD LLP, Washington, D.C., for Horseracing Authority Appellees. ON BRIEF: Matthew D. McGill , Lochlan F. Shelfer , GIBSON, DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP, Washington, D.C., Zach West , Bryan Cleveland , OFFICE OF THE OKLAHOMA ATTORNEY GENERAL, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Lindsay S. See , OFFICE OF THE WEST VIRGINIA ATTORNEY GENERAL, Charleston, West Virginia, Joseph Bocock , BOCOCK LAW PLLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Todd Hembree , CHEROKEE NATION BUSINESS, Catoosa, Oklahoma, Elizabeth B. Murrill , LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Michael Burrage , WHITTEN BURRAGE, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Jared C. Easterling , GREEN LAW FIRM PC, Ada, Oklahoma, for Appellants. Courtney L. Dixon , Joseph F. Busa , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Federal Appellees. Pratik A. Shah , Lide E. Paterno , AKIN GUMP STRAUSS HAUER & FELD LLP, Washington, D.C., John C. Roach , RANSDELL ROACH & ROYSE, Lexington, Kentucky, for Horseracing Authority Appellees. Benjamin M. Flowers , OFFICE OF THE OHIO ATTORNEY GENERAL, Columbus, Ohio, Paul E. Salamanca , Lexington, Kentucky, April A. Wimberg , DENTONS BINGHAM GREENEBAUM LLP, Louisville, Kentucky, Gregory G. Garre , Blake E. Stafford , LATHAM & WATKINS LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae.

SUTTON, C.J., delivered the opinion of the court in which GRIFFIN and COLE, JJ., joined. COLE, J. (pp. 236-44), delivered a separate concurring opinion.

OPINION

Sometimes government works. In 2020, when Congress enacted the Horseracing Safety and Integrity Act to create a national framework to regulate thoroughbred horseracing, it generated several non-delegation and anti-commandeering challenges to the validity of the Act. The lead challenge— the non-delegation...

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