THORPE v. CLARKE

No. 21-1714.

37 F.4th 926 (2022)

William THORPE; Frederick Hammer; Dmitry Khavkin; Gerald McNabb; Gary Wall; Vernon Brooks; Brian Cavitt; Derek Cornelison; Christopher Cottrell; Peter Mukuria; Steven Riddick; Kevin Snodgrass, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Harold CLARKE; Randall C. Mathena; H. Scott Richeson; A. David Robinson; Henry J. Ponton; Marcus Elam; Denise Malone; Dr. Steve Herrick; Tori Raiford; Jeffrey Kiser; Carl Manis, Defendants-Appellants, and Virginia Department of Corrections, Defendant. Professors and Practitioners of Psychiatry and Psychology; Former Corrections Executives; Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center, Amici Supporting Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided: June 14, 2022.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Margaret Hoehl O'Shea , OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellants. Vishal Mahendra Agraharkar , AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia; Andrei Alexander Popovici , WHITE & CASE LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Mark R. Herring , Attorney General, K. Scott Miles , Deputy Attorney General, Michelle S. Kallen , Acting Solicitor General, Brittany M. Jones , Deputy Solicitor General, Laura H. Cahill , Assistant Attorney General, Rohiniyurie Tashima , John Marshall Fellow , OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellants. Tara Lee , Daniel Levin , Kristen J. McAhren, Timothy L. Wilson, Jr. , Nathan Swire , WHITE & CASE LLP, Washington, D.C.; Eden Heilman , AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellees. Jacob Frasch , Washington, D.C., Robert P. Sherman , Boston, Massachusetts, Andrew P. Valentine , DLA PIPER LLP (US), East Palo Alto, California, for Amici Professors and Practitioners of Psychiatry and Psychology. Laura Rovner , Molly O'Hara , Student Attorney, Kevin M. Whitfield , Student Attorney, Jamie Ray , Student Attorney, Student Law Office, Civil Rights Clinic, UNIVERSITY OF DENVER STURM COLLEGE OF LAW, Denver, Colorado, for Amici Former Corrections Executives. Rosalind Dillon , RODERICK & SOLANGE MACARTHUR JUSTICE CENTER, Chicago, Illinois; Daniel M. Greenfield , Roderick & Solange MacArthur Justice Center, NORTHWESTERN PRITZKER SCHOOL OF LAW, Chicago, Illinois, for Amicus The Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center.

Affirmed by published opinion. Senior Judge Floyd wrote the opinion in which Chief Judge Gregory and Judge Thacker joined.


In this putative class action, Plaintiffs allege that as prisoners at two of Virginia's supermax facilities, they have suffered severe isolation in violation of the U.S. Constitution. Supermaxes are maximum-security prisons designed to segregate the most dangerous prisoners from the general prison population. Their use...

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