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IN RE THREE NAT. SEC. LETTERS

No. 18-56669.

35 F.4th 1181 (2022)

IN RE THREE NATIONAL SECURITY LETTERS, Merrick B. Garland, Attorney General, Petitioner-Appellee, v. Under Seal, Respondent-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submission Vacated July 6, 2020.

Resubmitted May 19, 2022 Pasadena, California.

Filed May 26, 2022.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Eric B. Wolf (argued) and Eric D. Miller , Perkins Coie LLP, Seattle, Washington; Michael A. Sussmann , Hayley L. Berlin , and Ariesl B. Glickman , Perkins Coie LLP, Washington, D.C.; for Respondent-Appellant.

Joshua Revesz (argued), Scott R. McIntosh , and Lewis S. Yelin , Appellate Staff; David L. Anderson , United States Attorney; Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; for Petitioner-Appellee.

Andrew Crocker and Aaron Mackey , Electronic Frontier Foundation, San Francisco, California; Naomi Gilens , Patrick Toomey , and Brett Max Kaufman , American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, New York, New York; Jennifer Stisa Granick , American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, San Francisco, California; for Amici Curiae Electronic Frontier Foundation and American Civil Liberties Union.

Peter Karanija , DLA Piper LLP (US), Washington, D.C.; Lisa Zycherman , Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Washington, D.C.; for Amici Curiae 16 Media Organizations and Associations Representing Journalists, Writers, and Researchers.

Alexander A. Berengaut , James M. Garland , and Lauren K. Moxley , Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, D.C.; Nora Puckett , Google LLC, Mountain View, California; for Amici Curiae Microsoft, Google, Apple, and Facebook.

Before: Mary H. Murguia, Chief Judge, Andrew D. Hurwitz, Circuit Judge, and Louis Guirola, Jr., District Judge.

OPINION

We today again confront 18 U.S.C. § 2709, which allows the Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI") to prevent a recipient of a national security letter ("NSL") from disclosing its receipt. We have held "that the nondisclosure requirement in 18 U.S.C...

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