ARIZONA v. YELLEN

No. 21-16227.

34 F.4th 841 (2022)

State of ARIZONA, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Janet YELLEN, in her official capacity as Secretary of the Treasury; Richard K. Delmar, in his official capacity as acting inspector general of the Department of Treasury; United States Department of the Treasury, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed May 19, 2022.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Drew C. Ensign (argued), Deputy Solicitor General; Wilson C. Freeman , Senior Litigation Counsel; Robert J. Makar , Assistant Attorney General; Joseph A. Kanefield , Chief Deputy & Chief of Staff; Brunn ("Beau") W. Roysden III , Solicitor General; Mark Brnovich , Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, Phoenix, Arizona; for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Daniel Winik (argued), Mark B. Stern , and Alisa B. Klein , Appellate Staff; Brian M. Boynton , Acting Assistant Attorney General; Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; for Defendants-Appellees.

Jacob Huebert , Scharf-Norton Center for Constitutional Litigation at the Goldwater Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, for Amicus Curiae Goldwater Institute.

Dave Yost , Attorney General; Benjamin M. Flowers , Solicitor General; Zachery P. Keller and Sylvia May Davis , Deputy Solicitors General; Office of the Attorney General, Columbus, Ohio; Steve Marshall , Alabama Attorney General; Treg R. Taylor , Alaska Attorney General; Leslie Rutledge , Arkansas Attorney General; Ashley Moody , Florida Attorney General; Lawrence G. Wasden , Idaho, Attorney General; Tom Miller , Iowa Attorney General; Derek Schmidt , Kansas Attorney General; Daniel Cameron , Kentucky Attorney General; Jeff Landry , Louisiana Attorney General; Lynn Fitch , Mississippi Attorney General; Austin Knudsen , Montana Attorney General; Douglas J. Peterson , Nebraska Attorney General; John M. Formella , New Hampshire Attorney General; Wayne Stenehjem , North Dakota Attorney General; John M. O'Connor , Oklahoma Attorney General; Alan Wilson , South Carolina Attorney General; Jason Ravnsborg , South Dakota Attorney General; Herbert H. Slatery III , Attorney General and Reporter of Tennessee; Ken Paxton , Texas Attorney General; Sean D. Reyes , Utah Attorney General; Patrick Morrisey , West Virginia Attorney General; for Amici Curiae States of Ohio, Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and West Virginia.

Paul D. Clement , Erin E. Murphy , Kasdin M. Mitchell , Laura E. Wolk , and Elizabeth Hedges , Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Washington, D.C.; Daryl Joseffer and Paul Lettow , U.S. Chamber Litigation Center, Washington, D.C.; Karen Harned and Rob Smith , NFIB Small Business Legal Center, Washington, D.C.; for Amici Curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, and National Federation of Independent Business Small Business Legal Center.

Joseph D. Henchman , National Taxpayers Union Foundation, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae National Taxpayers Union Foundation.

Concurrence by Judge R. Nelson


OPINION

It is well established that Congress has the power pursuant to the Spending Clause to pass legislation authorizing federal grants to the States that come with strings attached. For the most part, cases challenging Spending Clause legislation come to us arising from...

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