NAVAJO NATION v. U.S. DEPT. OF THE INTERIOR

No. 19-17088.

996 F.3d 623 (2021)

NAVAJO NATION, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR; Deb Haaland, Secretary of the Interior; United States Bureau of Reclamation; Bureau of Indian Affairs, Defendants-Appellees, State of Arizona; Central Arizona Water Conservation District; Arizona Power Authority; Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District; Salt River Valley Water Users' Association; Imperial Irrigation District; Metropolitan Water District of Southern California; Coachella Valley Water District; State of Nevada; Colorado River Commission of Nevada; Southern Nevada Water Authority; State of Colorado, Intervenor-Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed April 28, 2021.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

M. Kathryn Hoover (argued) and Stanley M. Pollack , Navajo Nation Department of Justice, Window Rock, Arizona; Alice E. Walker and Gregg H. DeBie , Meyer Walker Condon & Walker P.C., Boulder, Colorado; for Plaintiff-Appellant.

John L. Smeltzer (argued), Mary Gabrielle Sprague , and Thomas Snodgrass , Attorneys; Environment and Natural Resources Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; Robert Snow and Sarah Foley , Attorneys, Solicitor's Office, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.; for Defendants-Appellees.

Rita P. Maguire (argued), Rita P. Maguire PLLC, Phoenix, Arizona; Steven B. Abbott , Redwine and Sherrill LLP, Riverside, California; Kenneth C. Slowinski , Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix, Arizona; Marcia Scully and Catherine M. Stites , Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Charles T. DuMars , Law & Resource Planning Associates P.C., Albuquerque, New Mexico; John B. Weldon Jr. and Lisa M. McKnight , Salmon Lewis & Weldon P.L.C., Phoenix, Arizona; Stuart L. Somach and Robert B. Hoffman , Somach Simmons & Dunn APC, Sacramento, California; Jay M. Johnson , Central Arizona Water Conservation District, Phoenix, Arizona; Aaron Ford , Attorney General; Christine Guerci-Nyhus , Special Counsel to the Colorado River Commission of Nevada; State of Nevada and Colorado River Commission of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada; Gregory J. Walch , General Counsel, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, Nevada; Lauren J. Caster and Bradley J. Pew , Fennemore Craig P.C., Phoenix, Arizona; for Intervenor-Defendants-Appellees.

Monte Tyler Mills , Associate Professor and Director, Margery Hunter Brown Indian Law Clinic, Alexander Blewett III School of Law, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, for Amici Curiae Law Professors.

David L. Gover , Joe M. Tenorio , and Matthew Campbell , Native American Rights Fund, Boulder, Colorado; Daniel D. Lewerenz , Native American Rights Fund, Washington, D.C.; Derrick Beetso , National Congress of American Indians, Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae NCAI Fund.

Concurrence by Judge Lee.


OPINION

In 2003, the Navajo Nation (the Nation) sued the Department of the Interior (Interior), the Secretary of the Interior (the Secretary), the Bureau of Reclamation, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (collectively, the Federal Appellees), bringing claims under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and a...

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