UNITED STATES v. WALKER RIVER IRR. DIST.

No. 15-16342.

986 F.3d 1197 (2021)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, Walker River Paiute Tribe, Intervenor-Plaintiff, and Walker Lake Working Group, Defendant-Appellant, Mineral County, Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WALKER RIVER IRRIGATION DISTRICT; Nevada Department of Wildlife; Fenili Family Trust, c/o Peter Fenili and Veronica Fenili, Trustees; Six N Ranch, Inc., c/o Richard and Cynthia Nuti; Michael Nuti; Nancy Nuti; Ralph E. Nuti; Mary E. Nuti; Lawrence M. Nuti; Leslie Nuti; Mica Farms, LLC, c/o Mike Faretto; John and Lura Weaver Family Trust, c/o Lura Weaver, Trustee; Smith Valley Garage, Inc., c/o Dan Smith and Shawna Smith; Donald Giorgi; Lorie McMahon; Merle McMahon; Centennial Livestock; Lyon County; Annett's Mono Village; F.I.M. Corporation; R.N. Fulstone Company; James T. Fousekis, Trustee; Chris H. Gansberg, Jr.; Faye E. Gansberg; Todd Gansberg; Hunewill Land & Livestock Co., Inc.; David Sceirine; Pamela Haas; Virginia Lake Mutual Water Company; Mono County, County Counsel, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submission Withdrawn May 2, 2018.

Resubmitted January 21, 2021 Pasadena, California.

Filed January 28, 2021.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Simeon M. Herskovits (argued) and Iris Thornton , Advocates for Community & Environment, El Prado, New Mexico; and Sean A. Rowe , Mineral County District Attorney, Hawthorne, Nevada; for Plaintiff-Intervenor-Appellant Mineral County, Nevada, and Defendant-Appellant Walker Lake Working Group.

Gordon H. DePaoli (argued) and Dale E. Ferguson , Woodburn and Wedge, Reno, Nevada, for Defendant-Appellee Walker River Irrigation District.

Roderick E. Walston (argued), and Steven G. Martin , Best Best & Krieger LLP, Walnut Creek, California; Stephen B. Rye , District Attorney, Lyon County, Yerington, Nevada; Jerry M. Snyder , Reno, Nevada; Therese A. Ure , Schroeder Law Offices P.C., Reno, Nevada; Stacey Simon , County Counsel; Stephen M. Kerins , Deputy County Counsel; Jason Canger , Assistant County Counsel; Office of the County Counsel, County of Mono, Mammoth Lakes, California; for Defendants-Appellees Lyon County, Centennial Livestock, Mono County, and the Schroeder Group.

Bryan L. Stockton (argued), Senior Deputy Attorney General; Tori N. Sundheim , Deputy Attorney General; Aaron D. Ford , Attorney General; Attorney General's Office, Carson City, Nevada; for Defendant-Appellee Nevada Department of Wildlife.

Robert W. Byrne , Senior Assistant Attorney General; Randy L. Barrow , Supervising Deputy Attorney General; Deborah Barnes and Tara L. Mueller , Deputy Attorneys General; Attorney General's Office, Oakland, California; for Amicus Curiae State of California.

John Echeverria , Vermont Law School, South Royalton, Vermont, for Amici Curiae Natural Resources Defense Council and Sierra Club.

David R. Owen , Professor of Law, UC Hastings College of Law, San Francisco, California; Richard M. Frank , Professor of Environmental Practice, UC Davis School of Law, Davis, California; for Amici Curiae Law Professors.

Wes Williams , Law Offices of Wes Williams Jr. P.C., Schurz, Nevada, for Amicus Curiae Walker River Paiute Tribe.

Before: A. Wallace Tashima, Susan P. Graber, and Jay S. Bybee, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

In 1936, the United States District Court for the District of Nevada entered the Walker River Decree ("Decree"), adjudicating and settling water rights within the Walker River Basin under the doctrine of prior appropriation. In the ensuing decades, these water...

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