TRANSP. DIV. OF INT'L ASS'N v. FEDERAL R.R. ADMIN.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Kristin Beneski (argued) and Harry Fukano , Assistant Attorneys General; Robert W. Ferguson , Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, Seattle, Washington; Arocles Aguilar , General Counsel; Christine J. Hammond , Enrique Gallardo , and Vanessa Baldwin , California Public Utilities Commission, San Francisco, California; for Petitioners State of Washington and California Public Utilities Commission.

Kevin C. Brodar (argued), General Counsel, SMART-TD, North Olmsted, Ohio; Lawrence M. Mann , Alper & Mann P.C., Bethesda, Maryland; Michael S. Wolly , Michael S. Wolly PLLC, Washington, D.C.; Joshua D. McInerney BLET , Barkan Meizlish LLP, Columbus, Ohio; for Petitioners Transportation Division of the International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail, and Transportation Workers, and Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen.

Aaron D. Ford , Attorney General; Gregory L. Zunino , Deputy Solicitor General; Brandee Mooneyhan , Deputy Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, Carson City, Nevada; Jill C. Davis , Assistant General Counsel, Public Utilities Commission, Carson City, Nevada; for Petitioner State of Nevada.

Martin Totaro and Abby C. Wright , Appellate Staff; Joseph H. Hunt , Assistant Attorney General; Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; Steven G. Bradbury , General Counsel; Paul M. Geier , Assistant General Counsel for Litigation and Enforcement; Joy K. Park , Senior Trial Attorney; Brett A. Jortland , Acting Chief Counsel; Rebecca S. Behravesh , Senior Attorney; Federal Railroad Administration, Washington, D.C.; for Respondents.

Thomas H. Dupree, Jr. and Jacob T. Spencer , Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Washington, D.C.; Kathryn D. Kirmayer and Joseph St. Peter , Association of American Railroads, Washington, D.C.; for Intervenor Association of American Railroads.

Kwame Raoul , Attorney General; Jane Elinor Notz , Solicitor General; Sarah A. Hunger , Deputy Solicitor General; Christian Arizmendi , Assistant Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, Chicago, Illinois; Xavier Becerra , Attorney General, Sacramento, California; Phil Weiser , Attorney General, Denver, Colorado; Kathleen Jennings , Attorney General, Wilmington, Delaware; Karl A. Racine , Attorney General, Washington, D.C.; Maura Healey , Attorney General, Boston, Massachusetts; Keith Ellison , Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; Jim Hood , Attorney General, Jackson, Mississippi; Gurbir S. Grewal , Attorney General, Trenton, New Jersey; Letitia James , Attorney General, New York, New York; Ellen F. Rosenblum , Attorney General, Salem, Oregon; Mark R. Herring , Attorney General, Richmond, Virginia; Joshua L. Kaul , Attorney General, Madison, Wisconsin; for Amici Curiae Illinois, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

William A. Mullins , Baker & Miller PLLC, Washington, D.C.; Sarah G. Yurasko , General Counsel, American Short Line and Regional Railroad Association, Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae American Short Line and Regional Railroad Association.

Concurrence by Judge Christen.