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VAZQUEZ v. JAN-PRO FRANCHISING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

No. 17-16096.

986 F.3d 1106 (2019)

Gerardo VAZQUEZ, Gloria Roman, and Juan Aguilar, on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. JAN-PRO FRANCHISING INTERNATIONAL, INC., Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed May 2, 2019.

Submission Withdrawn September 24, 2019.

Resubmitted January 25, 2021 San Francisco, California.

Amended February 2, 2021.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Shannon Liss-Riordan (argued), Lichten & Liss-Riordan P.C., Boston, Massachusetts, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Jeffrey M. Rosin (argued), O'Hagan Meyer PLLC, Boston, Massachusetts; Theodore J. Boutrous Jr. , Theane D. Evangelis , Bradley J. Hamburger , and Samuel Eckman , Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, California; for Defendant-Appellee.

Catherine K. Ruckelshaus and Najah A. Farley , National Employment Law Project, New York, New York, for Amici Curiae National Employment Law Project, Equal Rights Advocates, Dolores Street Community Services, Legal Aid at Work, and Worksafe, Inc.

Jonathan Solish , Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP, Santa Monica, California; Norman M. Leon , DLA Piper LLP, Chicago, Illinois; Amicus Curiae The International Franchise Association.

Bradley A. Benbrook and Stephen M. Duvernay , Benbrook Law Group PC, Sacramento, California; Luke A. Wake , NFIB Small Business Legal Center, Sacramento, California; for Amicus Curiae National Federation of Independent Business Small Business Legal Center.

Adam G. Unikowsky , Jenner & Block LLP, Washington, D.C.; Steven P Lehotsky , U.S. Chamber Litigation Center, Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America.

James F. Speyer , Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, Los Angeles, California, for Amicus Curiae California Chamber of Commerce.

Catherine K. Ruckelhaus , National Employment Law Project, New York, New York, for Amicus Curiae National Employment Law Project.

Paul Grossman and Paul W. Cane Jr. , Paul Hastings LLP, Los Angeles, California, for Amicus Curiae California Employment Law Council.

Before: Ronald M. Gould and Marsha S. Berzon, Circuit Judges, and Frederic Block, District Judge.

ORDER

We certified to the California Supreme Court the question whether its decision in Dynamex Operations West Inc. v. Superior Court, 4 Cal.5th 903, 232 Cal.Rptr.3d 1, 416 P.3d 1 (2018), applies retroactively. Having received the court's answer, we amend and reissue our opinion.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OVERVIEW...1110

THE ISSUES...1110

DEPIANTI...1111

I. The Factual Background...1111

II. Massachusetts and...

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