MCKIVER v. MURPHY-BROWN, LLC

No. 19-1019.

980 F.3d 937 (2020)

Joyce MCKIVER; Delois Lewis; Daphne McKoy; Alexandria McKoy; Antonio Kevin McKoy; Archie Wright, Jr.; Tammy Lloyd; Deborah Johnson; Ethel Davis; Priscilla Dunham, Plaintiffs-Appellees, and Dennis McKiver, Jr.; Lajune Jessup; Don Lloyd, Administrator of the Estate of Fred Lloyd; Teresa Lloyd; Tanechia Lloyd; Carl Lewis; Annette McKiver; Karen McKiver; Brionna Mckiver; Edward Owens; Daisy Lloyd; A. (Daughter); A. (Son), Plaintiffs, v. MURPHY-BROWN, LLC, d/b/a Smithfield Hog Production Division, Defendant-Appellant. American Farm Bureau Federation; National Pork Producers Council; North Carolina Farm Bureau Federation; North Carolina Pork Council; North American Meat Institute; National Association of Manufacturers; Grocery Manufacturers Association; Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America; National Turkey Federation; National Chicken Council; Joey D. Carter; Joey Carter Farms; William R. Kinlaw; Kinlaw Farms, LLC; Paul Stanley; Pagle Corp.; Greenwood Livestock, LLC, Amici Supporting Appellant. Law Professors with Expertise in Tort and Regulatory Law; American Association for Justice; North Carolina Justice Center; Humane Society of the United States; Public Justice, P.C.; Food & Water Watch; Waterkeeper Alliance, Inc.; North Carolina Environmental Justice Network; Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help; Dr. Lawrence Cahoon; Elizabeth Christenson; Dr. Brett Doherty; Mike Dolan Fliss; Dr. Jill Johnston; Bob Martin; Dr. Sarah Rhodes; Dr. Ana Maria Rule; Dr. Sacoby Wilson; Dr. Courtney Woods, Amici Supporting Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided: November 19, 2020.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Stuart Alan Raphael , HUNTON ANDREW KURTH, LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. Tillman J. Breckenridge , PIERCE BAINBRIDGE BECK PRICE & HECHT, LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Robert M. Tata , Washington, D.C., Trevor S. Cox , Kevin S. Elliker , David M. Parker , HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellant. Mona Lisa Wallace , John Hughes , WALLACE AND GRAHAM, P.A., Salisbury, North Carolina; Tanya Fridland , PIERCE BAINBRIDGE BECK PRICE & HECHT, LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellees. Michael B. Kimberly , Washington, D.C., Timothy S. Bishop , Brett E. Legner , Jed Glickstein , Chicago, Illinois, Michael B. Kimberly , MAYER BROWN LLP, Washington, D.C.; Ellen Steen , Travis Cushman , AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION, Washington, D.C.; Phillip Jacob Parker Jr. , NORTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION, Raleigh, North Carolina; Michael C. Formica , NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL, Washington, D.C., for Amici The American Farm Bureau Federation, National Pork Producers Council, North Carolina Farm Bureau Federation, and North Carolina Pork Council. Daryl L. Joseffer , Michael B. Schon , UNITED STATES CHAMBER LITIGATION CENTER, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Sean Marotta , HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amici Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, North American Meat Institute, National Association of Manufacturers, Grocery Manufacturers Association, National Turkey Federation, and National Chicken Council. Matthew Nis Leerberg , Kip D. Nelson , Troy D. Shelton , FOX ROTHSCHILD LLP, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Amici Joey D. Carter, Joey Carter Farms, William R. Kinlaw, Kinlaw Farms, LLC, Paul Stanley, Pagle Corp., and Greenwood Livestock, LLC. Steven M. Virgil , WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, for Amici Law Professors with Expertise in Tort and Regulatory Law. Elise Sanguinetti, President, Jeffrey R. White , AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE, Washington, D.C.; David Arbogast , ARBOGAST LAW, San Carlos, California, for Amicus American Association for Justice. Elizabeth Haddix , Mark Dorosin , JULIUS L. CHAMBERS CENTER FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, Carrboro, North Carolina, for Amici North Carolina Environmental Justice Network and the Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help. Emily P. Turner , NORTH CAROLINA JUSTICE CENTER, Raleigh, North Carolina; J. Jerome Hartzell , HARTZELL & WHITEMAN, LLP, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Amicus North Carolina Justice Center. Anna Frostic , Laura Fox , Peter Brandt , THE HUMANE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D.C., for Amicus The Humane Society of the United States. Marianne Engelman-Lado , YALE SCHOOL OF FORESTRY & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, New Haven, Connecticut; Peter Hans Lehner , Alexis Andiman , EARTHJUSTICE, New York, New York, for Amici Dr. Lawrence B. Cahoon, Elizabeth Christenson, Dr. Brett Doherty, Mike Dolan Fliss, Dr. Jill Johnston, Bob Martin, Dr. Sarah Rhodes, Dr. Ana María Rule, Dr. Sacoby Wilson, and Dr. Courtney Woods. Tarah Heinzen , FOOD & WATER WATCH, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Food & Water Watch. David S. Muraskin , Jessica L. Culpepper , Kellan Smith , PUBLIC JUSTICE, P.C., Washington, D.C., for Amici Public Justice and Food & Water Watch. Chandra T. Taylor , Blakely Hildebrand , Nick Jimenez , SOUTHERN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CENTER, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, for Amicus Waterkeeper Alliance.

Affirmed in part, vacated and remanded in part by published opinion. Judge Thacker wrote the opinion, in which Judge Wilkinson concurred. Judge Wilkinson wrote a concurring opinion. Judge Agee wrote an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part.


Murphy-Brown, LLC ("Appellant") challenges a jury verdict against it awarding compensatory and punitive damages to neighbors of its hog production facilities. Those neighbors, residents of rural Bladen County, North Carolina, sought relief under state nuisance law from odors, pests, and noises they attribute to farming practices...

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