U.S. v. ABOUSELMAN

No. 18-2164, No. 18-2167.

976 F.3d 1146 (2020)

UNITED STATES of America, on its own behalf and on behalf of the Pueblos of Jemez, Santa Ana, and Zia, Plaintiff-Appellant, State of New Mexico, ex rel. State Engineer; Jemez River Basin Water Users Coalition, Plaintiffs-Appellees, and Pueblo of Santa Ana; Pueblo of Jemez; Pueblo of Zia, Plaintiff Intervenors, v. Tom ABOUSELMAN; Darwin Hourigan; Board of Education of the Jemez Valley Public School District; King Brothers; Nacimiento Community Ditch Association; Public Lands Commissioner, Defendants. All Pueblo Council of Governors; Pueblo of Acoma; Pueblo of Isleta; Pueblo of Sandia; Pueblo of Laguna; Pueblo of San Felipe; Pueblo of Santo Domingo; Pueblo of Zuni; Pueblo of Santa Clara; Pueblo of Ohkay Owingeh; Association of Community Ditches of Rio San Jose; Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc; El Rito Ditch Association; La Asociacion de Las Acquias del Rio Vallecitos, Tusas y Ojo Caliente; Rio Chama Acquia Association; Asociacion de Acquitas Nortenas de Rio Arriba; La Acequia de la Sierra; Rio Quemado, Rio Frijoles, Rio En Medio and Santa Cruz Steam Systems Community Ditch Association, Amici Curiae. State of New Mexico, ex rel. State Engineer; Jemez River Basin Water Users Coalition, Plaintiffs-Appellees, United States of America, on its own behalf and on behalf of the Pueblos of Jemez, Santa Ana, and Zia, Plaintiff, Pueblo of Jemez; Pueblo of Santa Ana; Pueblo of Zia, Plaintiff Intervenors-Appellants, v. Tom Abouselman; Darwin Hourigan; Board of Education of the Jemez Valley Public School District; King Brothers; Nacimiento Community Ditch Association; Public Lands Commissioner, Defendants. All Pueblo Council of Governors; Pueblo of Acoma; Pueblo of Isleta; Pueblo of Laguna; Pueblo of Ohkay Owingeh; Pueblo of San Felipe; Pueblo of Sandia; Pueblo of Santa Clara; Pueblo of Santo Domingo; Pueblo of Zuni; Association of Community Ditches of Rio San Jose; Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc.; El Rito Ditch Association; La Asociacion de Las Acequias del Rio Vallecitos, Tusas y Ojo Caliente; Rio Chama Acequia Association; Asociacion de Acqquias Nortenas De Rio Arriba; La Acequia de la Sierra; Rio Quemado, Rio Frijoles, Rio En Medio and Santa Cruz Stream Systems' Community Ditch Association, Amici Curiae.

United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

FILED September 29, 2020.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Mary Gabrielle Sprague , Attorney, Department of Justice ( Jeffrey Bossert Clark , Assistant Attorney General; Eric Grant , Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Elizabeth Ann Peterson , Attorney; William B. Lazarus , Attorney; James B. Cooney , Attorney, with her on briefs), Washington, D.C., for Plaintiff-Appellant United States of America.

Richard W. Hughes , Rothstein Donatelli LLP ( Reed C. Bienvenu , Rothstein Donatelli LLP; David R. Yepa , VanAmberg, Rogers, Yepa, Abeita & Gomez, LLP, Albuquerque, N.M.; Joseph D. Little , Zia Pueblo, N.M., with him on briefs), Santa Fe, N.M. for Plaintiffs Intervenors-Appellants Pueblo of Jemez, Pueblo of Santa Ana, and Pueblo of Zia.

Arianne Singer , Special Assistant Attorney General, Office of the State Engineer ( Gregory C. Ridgley , Special Assistant Attorney General, Office of the State Engineer; Brett J. Olsen , Special Assistant Attorney General, Abramowitz, Frank & Olsen, LLC, Albuquerque, N.M., with her on brief), Santa Fe, N.M., for Plaintiff-Appellee the State of New Mexico.

Larry C. White ( John W. Utton , Utton & Kery, PA, with him on brief), Santa Fe, N.M. for Plaintiff-Appellee Jemez River Basin Water Users Coalition.

Reid Peyton Chambers and Vanessa Ray Hodge , Sonosky, Chambers, Sachse, Mielke and Brownell, L.L.P., Albuquerque, N.M.; Ann Berkley Rodgers and Peter C. Chestnut , Chestnut Law Offices, P.A., Albuquerque, N.M.; Susan G. Jordan , Jordan Law Firm L.L.C., Santa Fe, N.M.; Jane Marx , Albuquerque, N.M.; Jessica R. Aberly , Aberly Law Firm, Albuquerque, N.M.; and Scott W. Williams , Curtis G. Berkey , and Aviva L. Simon , Berkey Williams LLP, Berkeley, CA, filed an amicus curiae brief for All Pueblo Council of Governors; Pueblo of Acoma; Pueblo of Isleta; Pueblo of Sandia; Pueblo of Laguna; Pueblo of San Felipe; Pueblo of Santo Domingo; Pueblo of Zuni; Pueblo of Santa Clara; and Pueblo of Ohkay Owingeh on behalf of Plaintiff-Appellant and Plaintiffs Intervenors-Appellants.

Mary E. Humphrey and Connie Odé , Humphrey & Odé, P.C., El Prado, N.M.; Seth Fullerton , Katz, Herdman, MacGillivray & Fullerton, PC, Santa Fe, N.M.; and Adán E. Trujillo , Chimayó, N.M. filed an amicus curiae brief for El Rito Ditch Association; La Asociación de Las Acequias del Rio Vallecitos; Tusas y Ojo Caliente; Rio Chama Acequia Association; Asociación de Acequias Norteñas de Rio Arriba; La Acequia de la Sierra; and Rio Quemado, Rio Frijoles, Rio En Medio and Santa Cruz Steam Systems' Community Ditch Association on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Sunny J, Nixon and Shannon M. Sherrell , Rodey, Dickason, Sloan, Akin & Robb, P.A., Santa Fe, N.M., and Rebecca Dempsey , Cuddy & McCarthy, LLP, Santa Fe, N.M., filed an amicus curiae brief for Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. and Association of Community Ditches of the Rio San José on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Before TYMKOVICH, Chief Judge, EBEL, and HARTZ, Circuit Judges.


The Pueblos of Jemez, Santa Ana, and Zia have resided along the Jemez River in northern New Mexico since time immemorial; they resided there as their lands passed from Spanish sovereignty, to Mexican sovereignty, and finally to the United States. Almost forty years ago, the United States initiated a water-rights adjudication...

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