NEW YORK v. NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMIN.

Nos. 19-2395-ag (L), 19-2508-ag (CON) August Term, 2019.

974 F.3d 87 (2020)

State of NEW YORK, State of California, State of Connecticut, State of Delaware, District of Columbia, State of Illinois, State of Maryland, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, State of New Jersey, State of Oregon, State of Rhode Island, State of Vermont, State of Washington, State of Maine, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Sierra Club, Petitioners, v. NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, James C. Owens, in his capacity as Acting Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Elaine Chao, in her capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of Transportation, Respondents, Alliance for Automotive Innovation, Intervenor.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Decided: August 31, 2020.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Steven C. Wu (Attorney General Letitia James , Solicitor General Barbara D. Underwood , Yueh-Ru Chu , on the brief), New York, NY, for Petitioner State of New York.

Attorney General Xavier Becerra , David Zaft , David A. Zonana , Laura J. Zuckerman , Los Angeles, CA, for Petitioner State of California.

Attorney General William Tong , Matthew I. Levine , Hartford, CT, for Petitioner State of Connecticut.

Attorney General Karl A. Racine , Jacqueline R. Bechara , Washington, DC, for Petitioner District of Columbia.

Attorney General Kathleen Jennings , Kayli H. Spialter , Wilmington, DE, for Petitioner State of Delaware.

Attorney General Kwame Raoul , Bridget DiBattista , Matthew J. Dunn , Jason E. James , Daniel I. Rottenberg , Chicago, IL, for Petitioner State of Illinois.

Attorney General Aaron M. Frey , Laura Jensen , Augusta, ME, for Petitioner State of Maine.

Attorney General Brian E. Frosh , Joshua M. Segal , Roberta R. James , Baltimore, MD, for Petitioner State of Maryland.

Attorney General Maura Healey , Christophe Courchesne , Carol Iancu , Matthew Ireland , David S. Frankel , Megan M. Herzog , Boston, MA, for Petitioner Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Attorney General Gurbir S. Grewal , Jeremy M. Feigenbaum , Trenton, NJ, for Petitioner State of New Jersey.

Attorney General Ellen F. Rosenblum , Paul Garrahan , Salem, OR, for Petitioner State of Oregon.

Attorney General Thomas J. Donovan, Jr. , Laura B. Murphy , Montpelier, VT, for Petitioner State of Vermont.

Attorney General Peter F. Neronha , Tricia K. Jedele , Providence, RI, for Petitioner State of Rhode Island.

Attorney General Robert W. Ferguson , Emily C. Nelson , Olympia, WA, for Petitioner State of Washington.

Ian Fein ( Alexander L. Tom , Gabriel Daly , on the brief), Natural Resources Defense Council, San Francisco, CA, for Petitioner Natural Resources Defense Council.

Vera Pardee , Law Offices of Vera Pardee, Berkeley, CA, for Petitioner Sierra Club.

Dennis Fan ( Steven G. Bradbury , Paul M. Geier , Jonathan C. Morrison , Kerry E. Kolodziej , Joseph H. Hunt , H. Thomas Byron III , on the brief), Washington, DC, for Respondents.

Ashley C. Parrish , Jacqueline Glassman , King & Spalding LLP, Washington, DC, Andrew J. Chinsky , King & Spalding LLP, Chicago IL, Erika Z. Jones , Daniel E. Jones , Mayer Brown LLP, Washington, DC, for Intervenor Alliance for Automotive Innovation.

Richard L. Revesz , Bethany A. Davis Noll , Max Sarinsky , Jason A. Schwartz , New York University School of Law, New York, NY, for The Institute for Policy Integrity at New York University School of Law as Amicus Curiae in support of Petitioners.

Joseph Mendelson III , Arlington, VA, for Tesla, Inc. as Amicus Curiae in support of Petitioners.

Before: Sullivan, Park, and Nardini, Circuit Judges.


During the oil crisis of the 1970s, Congress created a system of fuel economy standards for automobiles to boost fuel efficiency and drive down American dependence on foreign energy supplies. To promote those Corporate Average Fuel Economy ("CAFE") standards, Congress exposed automobile manufacturers to penalties...

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