COUNTY OF SAN MATEO v. CHEVRON CORP.

No. 18-15499, No. 18-15502, No. 18-15503, No. 18-16376.

960 F.3d 586 (2020)

COUNTY OF SAN MATEO, individually and on behalf of the People of the State of California, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHEVRON CORPORATION; Chevron U.S.A. Inc.; ExxonMobil Corporation; BP PLC; BP America, Inc.; Royal Dutch Shell PLC; Shell Oil Products Company LLC; CITGO Petroleum Corporation; ConocoPhillips; ConocoPhillips Company; Phillips 66 Company; Peabody Energy Corporation; Total E&P USA, Inc.; Total Specialties USA, Inc.; Arch Coal Inc.; Eni Oil & Gas, Inc.; Rio Tinto Energy America, Inc.; Rio Tinto Minerals, Inc.; Rio Tinto Services, Inc.; Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; Occidental Petroleum Corporation; Occidental Chemical Corporation; Repsol Energy North America Corp.; Repsol Trading USA Corp.; Marathon Oil Company; Marathon Oil Corporation; Marathon Petroleum Corp.; Hess Corp.; Devon Energy Corp.; Devon Energy Production Company, LP; Encana Corporation; Apache Corp., Defendants-Appellants. City of Imperial Beach, individually and on behalf of the People of the State of California, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Chevron Corporation; Chevron U.S.A. Inc.; ExxonMobil Corporation; BP PLC; BP America, Inc.; Royal Dutch Shell PLC; Shell Oil Products Company LLC; CITGO Petroleum Corporation; ConocoPhillips; ConocoPhillips Company; Phillips 66 Company; Peabody Energy Corporation; Total E&P USA, Inc.; Total Specialties USA, Inc.; Arch Coal Inc.; Eni Oil & Gas, Inc.; Rio Tinto Energy America, Inc.; Rio Tinto Minerals, Inc.; Rio Tinto Services, Inc.; Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; Occidental Petroleum Corporation; Occidental Chemical Corporation; Repsol Energy North America Corp.; Repsol Trading USA Corp.; Marathon Oil Company; Marathon Oil Corporation; Marathon Petroleum Corp.; Hess Corp.; Devon Energy Corp.; Devon Energy Production Company, LP; Encana Corporation; Apache Corp., Defendants-Appellants. County of Marin, individually and on behalf of the People of the State of California, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Chevron Corporation; Chevron U.S.A. Inc.; ExxonMobil Corporation; BP PLC; BP America, Inc.; Royal Dutch Shell PLC; Shell Oil Products Company LLC; CITGO Petroleum Corporation; ConocoPhillips; ConocoPhillips Company; Phillips 66 Company; Peabody Energy Corporation; Total E&P USA, Inc.; Total Specialties USA, Inc.; Arch Coal Inc.; Eni Oil & Gas, Inc.; Rio Tinto Energy America, Inc.; Rio Tinto Minerals, Inc.; Rio Tinto Services, Inc.; Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; Occidental Petroleum Corporation; Occidental Chemical Corporation; Repsol Energy North America Corp.; Repsol Trading USA Corp.; Marathon Oil Company; Marathon Oil Corporation; Marathon Petroleum Corp.; Hess Corp.; Devon Energy Corp.; Devon Energy Production Company, LP; Encana Corporation; Apache Corp., Defendants-Appellants. County of Santa Cruz, Individually and on Behalf of The People of the State of California; City of Santa Cruz, a Municipal Corporation, Individually and on Behalf of The People of the State of California; City of Richmond, Individually and on Behalf of The People of the State of California, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Chevron Corporation; Chevron USA Inc.; Royal Dutch Shell PLC; BP PLC; Shell Oil Products Company LLC; BP America, Inc.; Exxon Mobil Corporation; ConocoPhillips; Conocophillips Company; Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; Apache Corporation; Devon Energy Corporation; Devon Energy Production Company, LP; Total E&P USA, Inc.; Total Specialties USA, Inc.; Encana Corporation; CITGO Petroleum Corporation; Hess Corporation; Marathon Oil Company; Marathon Oil Corporation; Repsol Energy North America Corporation; Repsol Trading USA Corporation; Phillips 66 Company; Occidental Petroleum Corporation; Occidental Chemical Corporation; Eni Oil & Gas, Inc.; Marathon Petroleum Corporation, Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed May 26, 2020.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Theodore J. Boutrous, Jr. (argued), Andrea E. Neuman , William E. Thomson , and Joshua S. Lipshutz , Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, California; Herbert J. Stern and Joel M. Silverstein , Stern & Kilcullen LLC, Florham Park, New Jersey; Neal S. Manne , Johnny W. Carter , Erica Harris , and Steven Shepard , Susman Godfrey LLP, Houston, Texas; for Defendants-Appellants Chevron Corporation and Chevron U.S.A. Inc.

Jonathan W. Hughes , Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, San Francisco, California; Matthew T. Heartney and John D. Lombardo , Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, Los Angeles, California; Philip H. Curtis and Nancy Milburn , Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, New York, New York; for Defendants-Appellants BP PLC and BP America, Inc.

Sean C. Grimsley and Jameson R. Jones , Bartlit Beck LLP, Denver, Colorado; Megan R. Nishikawa and Nicholas A. Miller-Stratton , King & Spalding LLP, San Francisco, California; Tracie J. Renfroe and Carol M. Wood , King & Spalding LLP, Houston, Texas; for Defendants-Appellants ConocoPhillips and ConocoPhillips Company.

M. Randall Oppenheimer and Dawn Sestito , O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Los Angeles, California; Theodore V. Wells, Jr. , Daniel J. Toal , and Jaren E. Janghorbani , Paul Weiss Rifkind Wharton & Garrison LLP, New York, New York; for Defendant-Appellant Exxon Mobil Corporation.

Daniel B. Levin , Munger Tolles & Olson LLP, Los Angeles, California; Jerome C. Roth and Elizabeth A. Kim , Munger Tolles & Olson LLP, San Francisco, California; David C. Frederick and Brendan J. Crimmins , Kellogg Hansen Todd Figel & Frederick P.L.L.C., Washington, D.C.; for Defendants-Appellants Royal Dutch Shell PLC and Shell Oil Products Company LLC.

Bryan M. Killian , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP, Washington, D.C.; James J. Dragna and Yardena R. Zwang-Weissman , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP, Los Angeles, California; for Defendant-Appellant Anadarko Petroleum Corporation.

Thomas F. Koegel , Crowell & Moring LLP, San Francisco, California; Kathleen Taylor Sooy and Tracy A. Roman , Crowell & Moring LLP, Washington, D.C.; for Defendant-Appellant Arch Coal Inc.

Mortimer Hartwell , Vinson & Elkins LLP, San Francisco, California; Patrick W. Mizell and Deborah C. Milner , Vinson & Elkins LLP, Houston, Texas; for Defendant-Appellant Apache Corp.

William M. Sloan and Jessica L. Grant , Venable LLP, San Francisco, California; for Defendant-Appellant Peabody Energy Corporation.

Mark McKane P.C., Kirkland & Ellis LLP, San Francisco, California; Andrew A. Kassof, P.C., and Brenton Rogers, Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Chicago, Illinois; for Defendants-Appellants Rio Tinto Energy America, Inc.; Rio Tinto Minerals, Inc.; and Rio Tinto Services, Inc.

Gregory Evans , McGuireWoods LLP, Los Angeles, California; Steven R. Williams , Joy C. Fuhr , and Brian D. Schmalzbach , McGuireWoods LLP, Richmond, Virginia; for Defendants-Appellants Devon Energy Corp. and Devon Energy Production Company, LP.

Christopher W. Keegan , Kirkland & Ellis LLP, San Francisco, California; Andrew R. McGaan, P.C., Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Chicago, Illinois; Anna G. Rotman, P.C., Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Houston, Texas; Bryan D. Rohm , Total E&P USA, Inc., Houston, Texas; for Defendants-Appellants Total E&P USA, Inc.; and Total Specialties USA, Inc.

Michael F. Healy , Shook Hardy & Bacon LLP, San Francisco, California; Michael L. Fox , Duane Morris LLP, San Francisco, California; for Defendant-Appellant Encana Corporation.

Craig A. Moyer and Peter Duchesneau , Manatt Phelps & Phillips LLP, Los Angeles, California; Stephanie A. Roeser , Manatt Phelps & Phillips LLP, San Francisco, California; Nathan P. Eimer , Lisa S. Meyer , Pamela R. Hanebutt , and Raphael Janove , Eimer Stahl LLP, Chicago, Illinois; for Defendant-Appellant CITGO Petroleum Corporation.

Christopher J. Carr and Jonathan A. Shapiro , Baker Botts L.L.P., San Francisco, California; Scott Janoe , Baker Botts L.L.P., Houston, Texas; Evan Young , Baker Botts L.L.P., Austin, Texas; Megan Berge , Baker Botts L.L.P., Washington, D.C.; for Defendants-Appellants Hess Corp., Marathon Oil Company, Marathon Oil Corporation, Repsol Energy North America Corp., and Repsol Trading USA Corp.

Steven M. Bauer and Margaret A. Tough , Latham & Watkins LLP, San Francisco, California; for Defendant-Appellant Phillips 66 Company.

David E. Cranston , Greenberg Glusker Fields Claman & Machtinger LLP, Los Angeles, California; for Defendant-Appellant Eni Oil & Gas, Inc.

Marc A. Fuller and Matthew R. Stammel , Vinson & Elkins L.L.P., Dallas, Texas; Stephen C. Lewis and R. Morgan Gilhuly , Barg Coffin Lewis & Trapp LLP, San Francisco, California; for Defendants-Appellants Occidental Petroleum Corporation and Occidental Chemical Corporation.

Shannon S. Broome and Ann Marie Mortimer , Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, San Francisco, California; Shawn Patrick Regan , Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP, New York, New York; for Defendant-Appellant Marathon Petroleum Corp.

Victor M. Sher (argued), Matthew K. Edling , Katie H. Jones , and Martin D. Quiñones , Sher Edling LLP, San Francisco, California; Kevin K. Russell , Sarah E. Harrington , and Charles H. Davis , Goldstein & Russell P.C., Bethesda, Maryland; for Plaintiffs-Appellees.

John C. Beiers , Paul A. Okada , David A. Silberman , Margaret V. Tides , and Matthew J. Sanders , Office of the County Counsel, Redwood City, California; for Plaintiff-Appellee County of San Mateo.

Brian E. Washington , Brian C. Case , and Brandon Halter , Office of the County Counsel, San Rafael, California, for Plaintiff-Appellee County of Marin.

Jennifer Lyon and Steven E. Boehmer , McDougal Love Boehmer Foley Lyon & Canlas, Office of the City Attorney, La Mesa, California, for Plaintiff-Appellee City of Imperial Beach.

Dana McRae and Jordan Sheinbaum , Office of the County Counsel, Santa Cruz, California, for Plaintiff-Appellee County of Santa Cruz.

Anthony P. Condotti , City Attorney, Santa Cruz, California, for Plaintiff-Appellee City of Santa Cruz.

Bruce Reed Goodmiller and Rachel H. Sommovilla , City Attorney's Office, Richmond, California, for Plaintiff-Appellee City of Richmond.

Steven P. Lehotsky , Michael B. Schon , and Jonathan D. Urick , U.S. Chamber Litigation Center, Washington, D.C.; Peter D. Keisler , C. Frederick Beckner III , Ryan C. Morris , and Tobias S. Loss-Eaton , Sidley Austin LLP, Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America.

Gerson H. Smoger , Smoger & Associates P.C., Dallas, Texas; Robert S. Peck , Center for Constitutional Litigation P.C., Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae Senator Sheldon Whitehouse.

Scott L. Nelson and Allison M. Zieve , Public Citizen Litigation Group, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae Public Citizen, Inc.

James R. Williams , County Counsel; Greta S. Hansen , Chief Assistant County Counsel; Laura S. Trice , Lead Deputy County Counsel; Tony LoPresti , Deputy County Counsel; Office of the County Counsel, County of Santa Clara, San José, California; for Amicus Curiae California State Association of Counties.

Ian Fein , Natural Resources Defense Council, San Francisco, California; Peter Huffman , Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae Natural Resources Defense Council.

Before: Sandra S. Ikuta, Morgan Christen, and Kenneth K. Lee, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

In this appeal, we consider a district court's order remanding complaints to state court after the defendants had removed the complaints to federal court on eight separate grounds. Under 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d), we have jurisdiction to review the remand order only to the extent it addresses whether removal...

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