U.S. v. KEENE

No. 19-4609.

955 F.3d 391 (2020)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Tredarius Jameriquan KEENE, a/k/a Bubba, a/k/a Bubs; Montez Lamar Allen, a/k/a Doc Milla; Javontay Jacquis Holland, a/k/a Tay, a/k/a Reckless; Jalen Cormarrius Terry, a/k/a Fats, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided: April 9, 2020.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Michael Andrew Baudinet , OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellant. Paul Graham Beers , GLENN, FELDMANN, DARBY & GOODLATTE, Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Thomas T. Cullen , United States Attorney, Laura Day Rottenborn , Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellant. Mark D. Haugh , HAUGH & PREAS, PLC, Marion, Virginia, for Appellee Tredarius Keene. Thomas J. Bondurant, Jr. , Monica Taylor Monday , GENTRY LOCKE RAKES & MOORE, Roanoke, Virginia; Jacqueline M. Reiner , JACQUELINE M. REINER, PLLC, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellee Javontay Holland. Seth C. Weston , LAW OFFICE OF SETH C. WESTON, PLC, Roanoke, Virginia, for Appellee Montez Allen.

Reversed and remanded by published opinion. Judge Keenan wrote the opinion, in which Judge Harris and Judge Quattlebaum joined.


This appeal requires us to interpret the text of 18 U.S.C. § 1959, which imposes criminal penalties for committing "violent crimes in aid of racketeering activity" (the VICAR statute). The VICAR statute defines prohibited conduct by reference to enumerated federal offenses, but also requires that the conduct...

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