Felicia SANDERS, individually and as Legal Custodian for K.M., a minor, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Jennifer Pinckney, Personal Representative of the Estate of Clementa Pinckney, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Jennifer Pinckney, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Jennifer Pinckney, individually and as Parent, Natural Guardian and Next Friend of M.P., a minor, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Tyrone Sanders, Personal Representative of the Estate of Tywanza Sanders, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Felicia Sanders, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Anthony Thompson, as Co-Personal Representative of the Estate of Myra Singleton Quarles Thompson; Kevin Singleton, as Co-Personal Representative of the Estate of Myra Singleton Quarles Thompson, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Polly Sheppard, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Walter B. Jackson, Personal Representative of the Estate of Susie Jackson, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Laura Moore, Personal Representative of the Estate of Ethel Lance, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Daniel L. Simmons, Jr., as Personal Representative of the Estate of Daniel L. Simmons Sr., Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Shalisa Coleman, as Personal Representative of the Estate of Sharonda Coleman-Singleton, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Anthony Thompson, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Arthur Stephen Hurd, as Personal Representative of the Estate of Cynthia Graham Hurd, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Arthur Stephen Hurd, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
Bethane Middleton-Brown, Personal Representative of the Estate of DePayne Middleton-Doctor, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
United States of America, Defendant-Appellee,
Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, Amicus Supporting Appellant.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.https://leagle.com/images/logo.png
Argued: May 7, 2019.
Decided: August 30, 2019.
Attorney(s) appearing for the Case
ARGUED: William Walter Wilkins , NEXSEN PRUET, Greenville, South Carolina, for Appellants. Thomas George Ward , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Appellee. Benjamin Softness , KELLOGG, HANSEN, TODD, FIGEL & FREDERICK, P.L.L.C., Washington, D.C. for Amicus Curiae. ON BRIEF: Kirsten E. Small , NEXSEN PRUET, Greenville, South Carolina, for Appellants Felicia Sanders, Jennifer Pinckney, Tyrone Sanders, Anthony Thompson, Arthur Stephen Hurd, Polly Sheppard, Walter B. Jackson, Laura Moore, Daniel L. Simmons, Jr., Shalisa Coleman, Kevin Singleton, and Bethane Middleton-Brown. Gedney M. Howe, III , Alvin J. Hammer , GEDNEY M. HOWE, III, PA, Charleston, South Carolina, for Appellants Felicia Sanders, Jennifer Pinckney, Anthony Thompson, Tyrone Sanders, Polly Sheppard, Walter B. Jackson, Laura Moore, Bethane Middleton-Brown, and Kevin Singleton. Andrew J. Savage, III , SAVAGE LAW FIRM, Charleston, South Carolina, for Appellants Felicia Sanders, Shalisa Coleman, Anthony Thompson, Tyrone Sanders, Polly Sheppard, Walter B. Jackson, Laura Moore, Kevin Singleton, and Bethane Middleton-Brown. W. Mullins McLeod, Jr. , Jacqueline LaPan Edgerton , McLEOD LAW GROUP LLC, Charleston, South Carolina, for Appellants Arthur Stephen Hurd, Anthony Thompson, and Shalisa Coleman. Carl E. Pierce, II , Joseph C. Wilson, IV , PIERCE, SLOAN, WILSON, KENNEDY & EARLY LLC, Charleston, South Carolina, for Appellant Daniel L. Simmons, Jr. S. Randall Hood, McGOWAN, HOOD & FELDER, LLC, Rock Hill, South Carolina; Sen. Gerald Malloy , MALLOY LAW FIRM, Hartsville, South Carolina, for Appellants Jennifer Pinckney and Anthony Thompson, J. Stephen Schmutz, Charleston, South Carolina; David F. Aylor , LAW OFFICES OF DAVID AYLOR, Charleston, South Carolina, for Appellants Anthony Thompson, Arthur Stephen Hurd and Shalisa Coleman. Joseph H. Hunt , Assistant Attorney General, Mark B. Stern , Joshua M. Salzman , Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Appellee. Jonathan E. Lowy , Mariel Goetz , Joshua Scharff , BRADY CENTER TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE, Washington, D.C.; Scott H. Angstreich , KELLOGG, HANSEN, TODD, FIGEL & FREDERICK, P.L.L.C., Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae.
Reversed and remanded by published opinion. Chief Judge Gregory wrote the opinion, in which Judge Diaz joined. Judge Agee wrote a separate opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part.
GREGORY, Chief Judge:
On June 17, 2015, Dylann Roof entered Mother Emanuel A.M.E. Church in Charleston, South Carolina, and opened fire, murdering nine worshipers who had gathered for Bible study: Reverend Clementa Pinckney, Reverend Sharonda Coleman-Singleton, Reverend Daniel Simmons, Reverend DePayne Middleton-Doctor, Myra Thompson, Tywanza Sanders...
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