WILLIAMS v. BIG PICTURE LOANS, LLC

No. 18-1827.

929 F.3d 170 (2019)

Lula WILLIAMS; Gloria Turnage; George Hengle; Dowin Coffy; Felix Gillison, Jr., on behalf of themselves and all individuals similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. BIG PICTURE LOANS, LLC; Ascension Technologies, LLC, Defendants-Appellants, and Daniel Gravel; James Williams, Jr.; Gertrude McGeshick; Susan McGeshick; Giiwegiizhigookway Martin; Matt Martorello, Defendants. National Congress of American Indians; National Indian Gaming Association; National Center for American Indian Enterprise Development; Conference of Tribal Lending Commissioners; Online Lenders Alliance, Amici Supporting Appellant. District of Columbia; State of Connecticut; State of Hawaii; State of Illinois; State of Iowa; State of Maine; State of Maryland; State of Massachusetts; State of Minnesota; State of New Jersey; State of New York; State of North Carolina; State of Pennsylvania; State of Vermont; State of Virginia; Center for Responsible Lending, Amici Supporting Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided: July 3, 2019.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: William H. Hurd , TROUTMAN SANDERS, LLP, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellants. Matthew W.H. Wessler , GUPTA WESSLER PLLC, Washington, D.C., for Appellees. ON BRIEF: David N. Anthony , Timothy J. St. George , TROUTMAN SANDERS, LLP, Richmond, Virginia; Justin A. Gray , ROSETTE, LLP, Mattawan, Michigan, for Appellants. Kristi C. Kelly , Andrew Guzzo , Casey S. Nash , KELLY & CRANDALL, PLC, Fairfax, Virginia; Alexandria Twinem , GUPTA WESSLER PLLC, Washington, D.C., for Appellees. Pilar M. Thomas , LEWIS ROCA ROTHGERBER CHRISTIE LLP, Tucson, Arizona; Derrick Beetso , NATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN INDIANS, Washington, D.C., for Amici National Congress of American Indians, National Indian Gaming Association, and National Center for American Indian Enterprise Development. Sarah J. Auchterlonie , BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK LLP, Denver, Colorado; Brendan Johnson , Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Luke A. Hasskamp , ROBINS KAPLAN LLP, Minneapolis, Minnesota, for Amicus Conference of Tribal Lending Commissioners. Brian Foster , Michael Nonaka , Luis Urbina , COVINGTON & BURLING LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Online Lenders Alliance. William Corbett , Diane M. Standaert , CENTER FOR RESPONSIBLE LENDING, Durham, North Carolina, for Amicus Center for Responsible Lending. Karl A. Racine , Attorney General, Loren L. AliKhan , Solicitor General, Caroline S. Van Zile , Deputy Solicitor General, Richard S. Love , Senior Assistant Solicitor General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington, D.C.; George Jepsen , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT, Hartford, Connecticut; Lisa Madigan , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Chicago, Illinois; Janet T. Mills , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF MAINE, Augusta, Maine; Maura Healey , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, Boston, Massachusetts; Gurbir S. Grewal , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY, Trenton, New Jersey; Joshua H. Stein , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, Raleigh, North Carolina; Thomas J. Donovan, Jr. , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF VERMONT, Montpelier, Vermont; Russell A. Suzuki , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF HAWAII, Honolulu, Hawaii; Tom Miller , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF IOWA, Des Moines, Iowa; Brian E. Frosh , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF MARYLAND, Baltimore, Maryland; Lori Swanson , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF MINNESOTA, St. Paul, Minnesota; Barbara D. Underwood , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF NEW YORK, New York, New York; Josh Shapiro , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Mark R. Herring , Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia, for Amici District of Columbia, State of Connecticut, State of Hawaii, State of Illinois, State of Iowa, State of Maine, State of Maryland, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, State of Minnesota, State of New Jersey, State of New York, State of North Carolina, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State of Vermont, and Commonwealth of Virginia.

Reversed and remanded with instructions by published opinion. Chief Judge Gregory wrote the opinion, in which Judge Agee and Judge Diaz joined.


The Lac Vieux Desert Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa Indians ("the Tribe") formed two business entities under tribal law. This appeal arises from a suit brought by five Virginia residents against those entities, Big Picture Loans, LLC and Ascension Technologies, LLC (collectively...

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