FAZAGA v. F.B.I.

No. 12-56867, No. 12-56874, No. 13-55017.

916 F.3d 1202 (2019)

Yassir FAZAGA; Ali Uddin Malik; Yasser AbdelRahim, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION; Christopher A. Wray, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in His Official Capacity; Paul Delacourt, Assistant Director in Charge, Federal Bureau of Investigation's Los Angeles Division, in His Official Capacity; Pat Rose; Kevin Armstrong; Paul Allen, Defendants, and Barbara Walls; J. Stephen Tidwell, Defendants-Appellants. Yassir Fazaga; Ali Uddin Malik; Yasser AbdelRahim, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Federal Bureau of Investigation; Christopher A. Wray, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in His Official Capacity; Paul Delacourt, Assistant Director in Charge, Federal Bureau of Investigation's Los Angeles Division, in His Official Capacity; J. Stephen Tidwell; Barbara Walls, Defendants, and Pat Rose; Kevin Armstrong; Paul Allen, Defendants-Appellants. Yassir Fazaga; Ali Uddin Malik; Yasser AbdelRahim, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Federal Bureau of Investigation; Christopher A. Wray, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in His Official Capacity; Paul Delacourt, Assistant Director in Charge, Federal Bureau of Investigation's Los Angeles Division, in His Official Capacity; J. Stephen Tidwell; Barbara Walls; Pat Rose; Kevin Armstrong; Paul Allen; United States of America, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed February 28, 2019.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Carl J. Nichols (argued) and Howard M. Shapiro , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Washington, D.C.; Katie Moran , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Los Angeles, California; for Defendants-Appellants/Cross-Appellees Barbara Walls and J. Stephen Tidwell.

Alexander H. Cote (argued), Amos A. Lowder , Angela M. Machala , and David C. Scheper , Scheper Kim & Harris LLP, Los Angeles, California, for Defendants-Appellants/Cross-Appellees Pat Rose, Paul Allen, and Kevin Armstrong.

Ahilan Arulanantham (argued), Peter Birbring (argued), and Catherine A. Wagner , ACLU Foundation of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Ameena Mirza Qazi and Fatima Dadabhoy , Council on American-Islamic Relations, Anaheim, California; Dan Stormer and Mohammad Tajsar , Hadsell Stormer Keeny & Renick LLP, Pasadena, California; for Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross-Appellants.

Douglas N. Letter (argued), Daniel Tenny , and Mark B. Stern , Appellate Staff; Stephanie Yonekura , Acting United States Attorney; Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Defendants-Appellees Federal Bureau of Investigation, Christopher A. Wray, and Paul Delacourt.

Richard R. Wiebe , Law Office of Richard R. Wiebe, San Francisco, California; Thomas E. Moore III , Royse Law Firm PC, Palo Alto, California; David Greene , Andrew Crockner , Mark Rumold , James S. Tyre , Kurt Opsahl , Lee Tien , and Cindy Cohn , Electronic Frontier Foundation, San Francisco, California; for Amicus Curiae Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Before: Ronald M. Gould and Marsha S. Berzon, Circuit Judges and George Caram Steeh III, Senior District Judge.


OPINION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...1210

BACKGROUND...1211

I. Factual Background...1212 II. Procedural History...1214

DISCUSSION...1216

I. The FISA Claim Against the Agent Defendants...1216

A. Recordings of Conversations to Which Monteilh Was a Party...

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