PARKER v. REEMA CONSULTING SERVICES, INC.

No. 18-1206.

915 F.3d 297 (2019)

Evangeline J. PARKER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. REEMA CONSULTING SERVICES, INC., Defendant-Appellee. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; National Women's Law Center; A Better Balance; American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO; American Association of University Women; American Sexual Health Association; Black Women's Roundtable; National Coalition on Black Civic Participation; California Women Lawyers; Champion Women; District of Columbia Coalition Against Domestic Violence; End Rape on Campus; Equal Rights Advocates; Family Values @ Work; Feminist Majority Foundation; Gender Justice; Girls for Gender Equity; Hadassah, The Women's Zionist Organization of America, Inc.; Harvard Law School Gender Violence Program; Lawyers Club of San Diego; League of Women Voters of the United States; Legal Aid at Work; Legal Momentum, The Women's Legal Defense and Education Fund; Legal Voice; Maine Women's Lobby; Medical Students for Choice; National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum; National Alliance to End Sexual Violence; The National Crittenton Foundation; National Employment Law Project; National Employment Lawyers Association; National Organization for Women (Now) Foundation; National Partnership for Women and Families; National Women's Political Caucus; Oklahoma Coalition for Reproductive Justice; People for American Way Foundation; Service Employees International Union; SisterReach; Southwest Women's Law Center; Stop Sexual Assault in Schools; The National Urban League; Women's Law Center of Maryland, Incorporated; Women Employed; Women's Bar Association of the District of Columbia; Women's Bar Association of the State of New York; Women's Law Project, Amici Supporting Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided: February 8, 2019.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Dennis A. Corkery , WASHINGTON LAWYERS' COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS AND URBAN AFFAIRS, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. Donald James Walsh , WRIGHT, CONSTABLE & SKEEN, LLP, Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellee. Julie Loraine Gantz , UNITED STATES EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Washington, D.C., for Amicus United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. ON BRIEF: Andrew R. Kopsidas , Daniel Tishman , Min Suk Huh , FISH & RICHARDSON, P.C., Washington, D.C.; Tiffany Yang , WASHINGTON LAWYERS' COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS & URBAN AFFAIRS, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. Gregory P. Currey , WRIGHT, CONSTABLE & SKEEN, LLP, Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellee. James L. Lee , Deputy General Counsel, Jennifer S. Goldstein , Associate General Counsel, Anne Noel Occhialino , Acting Assistant General Counsel, Office of General Counsel, UNITED STATES EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Washington, D.C., for Amicus United States Equal Opportunity Commission. Kathleen R. Hartnett , Ann O'Leary , Palo Alto, California, Melissa Shube , Brent Nakamura , BOIES, SCHILLER, FLEXNER, LLP, Washington, D.C.; Fatima Goss Graves , Emily Martin , Sunu Chandy , Sarah David Heydemann , NATIONAL WOMEN'S LAW CENTER, Washington, D.C., for Amici National Women's Law Center, et al.

Before NIEMEYER, AGEE, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.


In this appeal, the central question presented is whether a false rumor that a female employee slept with her male boss to obtain promotion can ever give rise to her employer's liability under Title VII for discrimination "because of sex." We conclude that the allegations of the...

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