FRIEDENBERG v. SCHOOL BD. OF PALM BEACH COUNTY

No. 17-12935.

911 F.3d 1084 (2018)

Joan E. FRIEDENBERG, on Behalf of Herself and a Class of Similarly Situated Individuals, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SCHOOL BOARD OF PALM BEACH COUNTY, Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

December 20, 2018.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

James K. Green , Nancy Udell , James K. Green, PA, West Palm Beach, FL, Nancy Gbana Abudu , ACLU Foundation of Florida, Inc., Miami, FL, Adam Brett Wolf , Peiffer Rosca Wolf Abdullah Carr & Kane, LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Shawntoyia N. Bernard , Sean Fahey , Jean Marie Middleton , School District of Palm Beach County, West Palm Beach, FL, for Defendant-Appellee.

Lindsay Claire Harrison , Jenner & Block, LLP, Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae DKT Liberty Project.

Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, MARCUS, and EBEL, Circuit Judges.


A suspicionless search by the government is presumptively unconstitutional. So goes the basic hornbook law of the Fourth Amendment. The details are a bit more complex. Suspicionless searches are permissible in a narrow band of cases where they serve sufficiently powerful and unique public needs. The force of these needs depends...

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