U.S. OF AMERICA v. SINENENG-SMITH

No. 15-10614.

910 F.3d 461 (2018)

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Evelyn SINENENG-SMITH, Defendant-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Reargued and Resubmitted February 15, 2018 Pasadena, California.

Filed December 4, 2018.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Daniel F. Cook (argued), Bodega Bay, California, for Defendant-Appellant.

Susan B. Gray (argued), Assistant United States Attorney; J. Douglas Wilson , Chief, Appellate Section; United States Attorney's Office, San Francisco, California; Elizabeth D. Collery (argued), Attorney, Criminal Division; John P. Cronan , Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Kenneth A. Blanco , Acting Assistant Attorney General; United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; for Plaintiff-Appellee.

Mark C. Fleming (argued) and Megan E. Barriger , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP, Boston, Massachusetts; Beth C. Neitzel , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP, Washington, D.C.; for Amici Curiae Immigrant Defense Project, and National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild.

Annie Hudson-Price (argued) and Mark Rosenbaum , Public Counsel, Los Angeles, California, for Amicus Curiae Public Counsel.

Stephen R. Sady (argued), Chief Deputy Federal Public Defender; Lisa Ma , Research and Writing Attorney, Portland, Oregon; Carmen A. Smarandoiu , Assistant Federal Public Defender, San Francisco, California; for Amicus Curiae Federal Defender Organizations of the Ninth Circuit.

Lee Rowland (argued), Cecillia D. Wang , Anand Balakrishnan , ACLU Foundation, New York, New York; Christine Patricia Sun , American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Northern California, Inc.; for Amici Curiae American Civil Liberties Union, and American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California.

Eugene Volokh , Scott & Cyan Banister First Amendment Clinic, UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, California, as Amicus Curiae.

Elliott Schulder , Tina M. Thomas , Nicole Y. Roberts , Covington & Burling LLP, Washington, D.C.; Robin Wechkin , Sidley Austin LLP, Seattle, Washington; for Amicus Curiae National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.

Dennis J. Herrera , City Attorney; Christine Van Aken , Chief of Appellate Litigation; Yvonne T. Mere , Chief of Complex and Affirmative Litigation; Molly M. Lee and Matthew S. Lee , Deputy City Attorneys; Office of the City Attorney, San Francisco, California; for Amicus Curiae City and County of San Francisco.

Stephen W. Manning , Innovation Law Lab, Portland, Oregon; Kari Hong , Boston College Law School, Newton, Massachusetts; for Amici Curiae Oregon Interfaith Movement for Immigrant Justice, Causa Immigrant Rights Coalition of Oregon, Catholic Charities of Oregon, and Immigration Counseling Services of Oregon.

Emily T. Kuwahara , Crowell & Moring LLP, Los Angeles, California; Harry P. Cohen and Gary A. Stahl , Crowell & Moring LLP, New York, New York; Noor Taj , Crowell & Moring LLP, Washington, D.C.; Niyati Shah , John C. Yang , Asian Americans Advancing Justice | AAJC, Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae Asian Americans Advancing Justice | AAJC.

Before: A. Wallace Tashima, Marsha S. Berzon, and Andrew D. Hurwitz, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

INTRODUCTION

Defendant-Appellant Evelyn Sineneng-Smith was convicted on two counts of encouraging and inducing an alien to remain in the United States for the purposes of financial gain, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)(iv) & § 1324(a)(1)(B)(i).1

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