CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE USA v. CITY OF SEATTLE

No. 17-35640.

890 F.3d 769 (2018)

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; Rasier, LLC, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF SEATTLE; Seattle Department of Finance and Administrative Services; Fred Podesta, in his official capacity as Director, Finance and Administrative Services, City of Seattle, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed May 11, 2018.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Michael A. Carvin (argued), Jacqueline M. Holmes , Christian G. Vergonis , and Robert Stander , Jones Day, Washington, D.C.; Lily Fu Claffee , Steven P. Lehotsky , and Warren Postman , U.S. Chamber Litigation Center, Washington, D.C.; Douglas C. Ross and Robert J. Maguire , Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, Seattle, Washington; Timothy J. O'Connell , Stoel Rives LLP, Seattle, Washington; for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Stacey M. Leyton (argued), Stephen P. Berzon , and P. Casey Pitts , Altshuler Berzon LLP, San Francisco, California; Michael K. Ryan (argued), Sara O'Connor-Kriss , Josh Johnson , and Gregory C. Narver , Assistant City Attorneys; Peter S. Holmes , Seattle City Attorney; City Attorney's Office, Seattle, Washington; for Defendants-Appellees.

Michele Arington (argued), Assistant Attorney General; Joel Marcus , Deputy General Counsel; David C. Shonka , Acting General Counsel; Federal Trade Commission, Washington, D.C.; Robert B. Nicholson and Steven J. Mintz , Attorneys; Andrew C. Finch , Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Makan Delrahim , Assistant Attorney General; Antitrust Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; for Amici Curiae United States and Federal Trade Commission.

William R. Peterson and Allyson N. Ho , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP, Houston, Texas; Harry I. Johnson III , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP, Los Angeles, California; Stacey Anne Mahoney , Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP, New York, New York; for Amici Curiae Coalition for a Democratic Workplace, National Federation of Independent Business Small Business Legal Center, and Consumer Technology Association.

Matthew J. Ginsburg and Harold Craig Becker , Washington, D.C., for Amici Curiae American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations.

Jonathan F. Mitchell , Stanford, California; Thomas R. McCarthy , Consovoy McCarthy Park PLLC, Arlington, Virginia; for Amici Curiae Antitrust Law Professors.

Alan D. Copsey , Deputy Solicitor General; Noah G. Purcell , Solicitor General; Robert W. Ferguson , Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, Olympia, Washington; for Amicus Curiae State of Washington.

Matthew J. Segal and Kymberly K. Evanson , Pacifica Law Group LLP, Seattle, Washington, for Amicus Curiae Professor Samuel Estreicher.

Rebecca Smith and Ceilidh Gao , National Employment Law Project — WA, Seattle, Washington, for Amici Curiae Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy, National Domestic Worker Alliance, National Employment Law Project, Partnership for Working Families, and Puget Sound Sage.

Catherine L. Fisk , Berkeley, California; Charlotte Garden , Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality, Ronald A. Peterson Law Clinic, Seattle University School of Law, Seattle, Washington; for Amici Curiae Labor Law Professors.

Sanjukta Paul , Detroit, Michigan, for Amici Curiae Law and Business Professors.

Barbara D. Underwood , Solicitor General; Anisha S. Dasgupta , Deputy Solicitor General; Seth M. Rokosky , Assistant Solicitor General of Counsel; Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, New York, New York; Douglas S. Chin , Attorney General, Department of the Attorney General, Honolulu, Hawaii; Lisa Madigan , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Chicago, Illinois; Thomas J. Miller , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Des Moines, Iowa; Janet T. Mills , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Augusta, Maine; Brian E. Frosh , Attorney General, Attorney General's Office, Baltimore, Maryland; Maura Healey , Attorney General, Attorney General's Office, Boston, Massachusetts; Lori Swanson , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; Ellen F. Rosenblum , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Salem, Oregon; Josh Shapiro , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Peter F. Kilmartin , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Providence, Rhode Island; Thomas J. Donovan, Jr. , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Montpelier, Vermont; Karl A. Racine , Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General, Washington, D.C.; for Amici Curiae the States of New York, Hawai'i, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont, and the District of Columbia.

Before: MILAN D. SMITH, JR. and MARY H. MURGUIA, Circuit Judges, and EDUARDO C. ROBRENO, District Judge.


OPINION

On December 14, 2015, the Seattle City Council enacted into law Ordinance 124968, an Ordinance Relating to Taxicab, Transportation Network Company, and For-Hire Vehicle Drivers (Ordinance).1 The Ordinance was the first municipal ordinance of its kind in the United States, and...

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