US EX REL. SOLIS v. MILLENNIUM PHARMACEUTICALS

Nos. 15-16953, 15-17055, 15-17057.

885 F.3d 623 (2018)

UNITED STATES EX REL. Frank SOLIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MILLENNIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; Schering-Plough Corporation; Merck & Co., Defendants-Appellees. United States ex rel. Frank Solis, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Defendant-Appellant, and Schering-Plough Corporation; Merck & Co., Defendants. United States ex rel. Frank Solis, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Schering-Plough Corporation; Merck & Co., Defendants-Appellants, and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Defendant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed March 15, 2018.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Audra Ibarra (argued), Law Office of Audra Ibarra, Palo Alto, California; C. Brooks Cutter and John R. Parker Jr. , Cutter Law P.C., Sacramento, California; for Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee.

Kimberly A. Dunne (argued), Sean Commons , and James M. Perez , Sidley Austin LLP, Los Angeles, California; Douglas H. Hallward-Driemeier (argued) and Jonathan R. Ference-Burke , Ropes & Gray LLP, Washington, D.C.; Paul E. Kalb M.D. , Sidley Austin LLP, Washington, D.C.; John P. Bueker , Ropes & Gray LLP, Boston, Massachusetts; McGregor Scott , Orrick Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, Sacramento, California; Rocky Tsai , Ropes & Gray LLP, San Francisco, California; for Defendants-Appellees/Cross-Appellants.

Joseph F. Busa (argued), Daniel Tenny , and Michael S. Raab , Appellate Staff; Phillip A. Talbert , Acting United States Attorney; Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae United States. Jeffrey L. Handwerker , Sarah M. Harris , and Stephen K. Wirth , Arnold & Porter LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America.

Before: J. Clifford Wallace, Consuelo M. Callahan, and Jacqueline H. Nguyen, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

Frank Solis appeals from the dismissal of his False Claims Act action against three pharmaceutical companies. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm in part and vacate and remand in part.

I.

Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. hired Solis to promote sales of a cardiovascular...

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