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BOLER v. EARLEY

Nos. 16-1684/17-1144.

865 F.3d 391 (2017)

Beatrice BOLER; Edwin Anderson; Allina Anderson; Epco Sales, LLC, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Darnell EARLEY; Gerald Ambrose; Dayne Walling; City of Flint; State of Michigan; Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Richard Dale Snyder, Defendants-Appellees. Melissa Mays; Michael Mays; Jacqueline Pemberton; Keith John Pemberton; Elnora Carthan; Rhonda Kelso, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Rick Snyder; State of Michigan; Daniel Wyant; Liane Shekter Smith; Adam Rosenthal; Stephen Busch; Patrick Cook; Michael Prysby; Bradley Wurfel; Darnell Earley; Gerald Ambrose; Dayne Walling; Howard Croft; Michael Glasgow; Daugherty Johnson; City of Flint; Nick Lyon; Andy Dillon; Edward Kurtz; Jeff Wright, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

Decided and Filed: July 28, 2017.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: 16-1684: Nicholas A. Szokoly , MURPHY, FALCON & MURPHY, Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellants. William Y. Kim , CITY OF FLINT, Flint, Michigan, for Flint Appellees. Margaret Bettenhausen , OFFICE OF THE MICHIGAN ATTORNEY GENERAL, Lansing, Michigan, for State Appellees. 17-1144: Samuel R. Bagenstos , Ann Arbor, Michigan, for Appellants. Margaret A. Bettenhausen , OFFICE OF THE MICHIGAN ATTORNEY GENERAL, Lansing, Michigan, for Appellees State of Michigan, Snyder, Lyon, and Dillon. William Y. Kim , CITY OF FLINT, Flint, Michigan, for Flint Appellees. ON BRIEF: 16-1684: Nicholas A. Szokoly , Jason G. Downs , Jessica H. Meeder , MURPHY, FALCON & MURPHY, Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellants. William Y. Kim , CITY OF FLINT, Flint, Michigan, Frederick A. Berg, Jr. , Sheldon H. Klein , BUTZEL LONG, P.C., Detroit, Michigan, for Flint Appellees. Margaret Bettenhausen , Richard S. Kuhl , Nathan A Gambill , OFFICE OF THE MICHIGAN ATTORNEY GENERAL, Lansing, Michigan, Eugene Driker , Morley Witus , Todd R. Mendel , BARRIS, SOTT, DENN & DRIKER, PLLC, Detroit, Michigan, for State Appellees. Samuel R. Bagenstos , Ann Arbor, Michigan, for Amicus Curiae. 17-1144: Samuel R. Bagenstos , Ann Arbor, Michigan, Michael L. Pitt , Cary S. McGehee , Beth M. Rivers , PITT McGEHEE PALMER & RIVERS, PC, Royal Oak, Michigan, Paul F. Novak , Gregory Stamatopolous , Diana Gjonaj , WEITZ & LUXENBERG, PC, Detroit, Michigan, William H. Goodman , Julie H. Hurwitz , GOODMAN & HURWITZ, PC, Detroit, Michigan, Deborah A. LaBelle , LAW OFFICE OF DEBORAH A. LABELLE, Ann Arbor, Michigan, for Appellants. Margaret A. Bettenhausen , Richard S. Kuhl , Nathan A. Gambill , OFFICE OF THE MICHIGAN ATTORNEY GENERAL, Lansing, Michigan, for Appellees State of Michigan, Snyder, Lyon, and Dillon. William Y. Kim , CITY OF FLINT, Flint, Michigan, Frederick A. Berg, Jr. , Sheldon H. Klein , BUTZEL LONG, P.C., Detroit, Michigan, Todd R. Perkins , Nikkiya Branch , THE PERKINS LAW GROUP PLLC, Detroit, Michigan, Alexander S. Rusek , WHITE LAW PLLC, Okemos, Michigan, EDWARD A. ZEINEH , DAVID W. MEYERS , LAW OFFICE OF EDWARD A. ZEINEH, Lansing, Michigan, Barry A. Wolf , LAW OFFICE OF BARRY A. WOLF PLLC, Flint, Michigan, BRETT T. MEYER , O'NEILL, WALLACE & DOYLE, P.C., Saginaw, Michigan, for Flint Appellees. Michael J. Pattwell , Jay M. Berger , Christopher B. Clare , CLARK HILL PLC, Detroit, Michigan, Thaddeus E. Morgan , FRASER TREBILCOCK, Lansing, Michigan, Charles E. Barbieri , Allison M. Collins , FOSTER, SWIFT, COLLINS & SMITH, Lansing, Michigan, Phillip A. Grashoff, Jr. , Dennis K. Egan , Krista A. Jackson , KOTZ SANGSTER WYSOCKI, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, for Appellees Busch, Cook, Prysby, Rosenthal, Smith, Wurfel, and Wyant. Gregory M. Meihn , FOLEY & MANSFIELD, P.L.L.P., Ferndale, Michigan, Joseph F. Galvin , GENESEE COUNTY DRAIN COMMISSION, Flint, Michigan, for Appellee Wright. Sarah C. Tallman , NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, Chicago, Illinois, Dimple Chaudhary , NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, Washington, D.C., Michael J. Steinberg , Bonsitu A. Kitaba , AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FUND OF MICHIGAN, Detroit, Michigan, for Amicus Curiae.

Before: COLE, Chief Judge; STRANCH and DONALD, Circuit Judges.

OPINION

These two cases arise from the water contamination crisis in Flint, Michigan. Plaintiffs, residents of Flint affected by the contaminated city water, bring suit against various state and local officials and entities, alleging violation of their constitutional rights, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §...

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