ADAMS v. TOYOTA MOTOR CORP.

No. 15-2507, No. 15-2516, No. 15-2635, No. 15-2636, No. 15-2637, No. 15-2638.

859 F.3d 499 (2017)

Jassmine D. ADAMS, Plaintiff-Appellee State of Minnesota, Department of Human Services; UCare Minnesota; Medica Health Plans, Intervenor Plaintiffs-Appellees v. TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION; Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.; Toyota Motor North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Engineering and Manufacturing North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc.; Calty Design Research, Inc., Defendants-Appellants Quincy Ray Adams, Plaintiff-Appellee State of Minnesota, Department of Human Services; UCare Minnesota; Medica Health Plans, Intervenor Plaintiffs-Appellees v. Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.; Toyota Motor North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Engineering and Manufacturing North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc.; Calty Design Research, Inc., Defendants-Appellants Jassmine D. Adams, Plaintiff-Appellant State of Minnesota, Department of Human Services; UCare Minnesota; Medica Health Plans, Intervenor Plaintiffs v. Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.; Toyota Motor North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Engineering and Manufacturing North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc.; Calty Design Research, Inc., Defendants-Appellees Bridgette Trice, as trustee for the heirs and next of kin of Devyn Bolton, deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant Koua Fong Lee; Nhia Koua Lee; Nong Lee; Panghoua Moua; Jemee Lee, a minor child; American Family Mutual Insurance Company, as subrogee of Koua Fong Lee; State of Minnesota, Department of Human Services; UCare Minnesota; Medica Health Plans, Intervenor Plaintiffs v. Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.; Toyota Motor North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Engineering and Manufacturing North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc.; Calty Design Research, Inc., Defendants-Appellees Bridgette Trice, as trustee for the heirs and next of kin of Devyn Bolton, deceased, Plaintiff Koua Fong Lee; Nhia Koua Lee; Nong Lee; Panghoua Moua; Jemee Lee, a minor child, Intervenor Plaintiffs-Appellants American Family Mutual Insurance Company, as subrogee of Koua Fong Lee; State of Minnesota, Department of Human Services; UCare Minnesota; Medica Health Plans, Intervenor Plaintiffs v. Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.; Toyota Motor North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Engineering and Manufacturing North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc.; Calty Design Research, Inc., Defendants-Appellees Quincy Ray Adams, Plaintiff-Appellant State of Minnesota, Department of Human Services; UCare Minnesota; Medica Health Plans, Intervenor Plaintiffs v. Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.; Toyota Motor North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Engineering and Manufacturing North America, Inc.; Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc.; Calty Design Research, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Filed: June 9, 2017.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Counsel who presented argument on behalf of the appellants was Robert Allen Brundage , of San Francisco, CA.

The following attorneys appeared on the appellants' brief; David Graves, Jr. , of Minneapolis, MN., Bard David Borkon , of Minneapolis, MN., John D. Sear , of Minneapolis, MN., Nathan J. Marcusen , of Minneapolis, MN., Robert Allen Brundage , of San Francisco, CA., Nicolette L. Young , of Los Angeles, CA., Theodore Dorenkamp, III , of Minneapolis, MN., Melissa Christine Hughes , of San Francisco, CA.

Counsel who presented argument on behalf of the appellees was Eric John Magnuson.

The following attorneys appeared on the brief of appellees Bridgette Trice and Quincy Adams; Eric Magnuson , of Minneapolis, MN., W. B. Markovits , of Cincinnati, OH., Paul De Marco , of Cincinnati, OH., Louise M. Roselle , of Cincinnati, OH., Eric J. Kmetz , of Cincinnati, OH.

The following attorneys appeared on the brief of appellee Jassmine D. Adams; John Simon , of St. Louis, MO., Amy Collingnon Gunn , of St. Louis, MO., Anne Brockland , of St. Louis, MO.

The following attorneys appeared on the brief of appellees Koua Fong Lee, Nhia Koua Lee, Nong Lee, Panghoua Moua, and J.L., a minor child; Robert C. Hilliard , of Corpus Christi, TX., Marion M. Reilly , of Corpus Christi, TX., Catherine D. Tobin , of Corpus Christi, TX., John D. Martinez , of Corpus Christi, TX., Rudy Gonzales, Jr. , of Corpus Christi, TX., X. Kevin Zhao , of Minneapolis, MN., Larry D. Espel , of Minneapolis, MN., Brent S. Schafer , of Lilydale, MN.

The following attorney appeared on the brief of intervenors UCare Minnesota and The State of Minnesota Department of Human Services; Wesley Paul Otten , of Brusnville, MN.

The following attorney appeared on the brief of intervenor American Family Mutual Insurance Company; Kevin J., Kennedy , of Oakdale, MN.

Before LOKEN, MURPHY, and KELLY, Circuit Judges.


On June 10, 2006, Koua Fong Lee was driving his 1996 Toyota Camry on the interstate. When Lee exited the interstate, the Camry failed to come to a stop and rear-ended another car waiting at a stoplight, killing three of the other car's five passengers and injuring others, including those in Lee's vehicle. Lee was convicted...

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