U.S. v. VALENZUELA

No. 16-1009.

849 F.3d 477 (2017)

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Rafael Humberto Celaya VALENZUELA, Defendant, Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.

February 24, 2017.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Julie K. Connolly , with whom Julie Connolly Law, PLLC was on brief, for appellant.

Seth R. Aframe , Assistant United States Attorney, with whom Emily Gray Rice , United States Attorney, was on brief for appellee.

Before Howard, Chief Judge, Souter, Associate Justice, and Stahl, Circuit Judge.


Beginning in May of 2009, the FBI launched a sting operation, codenamed Operation Dark Water, targeting the Sinaloa Drug Cartel. Undercover agents held themselves out as an organized crime operation, led by an Italian mafia boss who went by the name El Viejo ("the Old Man"), which sought to procure a longterm source of cocaine...

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