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U.S. EX REL. MICHAELS v. AGAPE SR. COMMUNITY, INC.

No. 15-2145, No. 15-2147.

848 F.3d 330 (2017)

UNITED STATES of America EX REL. Brianna MICHAELS and Amy Whitesides, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. AGAPE SENIOR COMMUNITY, INC.; Agape Senior Primary Care, Inc.; Agape Senior Services, Inc.; Agape Senior, LLC; Agape Management Service, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice, Inc.; Agape Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, Inc., d/b/a Agape Rehabilitation of Rock Hill, a/k/a Agape Senior Post Acute Care Center-Rock Hill, a/k/a Ebenezer Senior Services, LLC; Agape Senior Foundation, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice of Anderson, Inc.; Agape Hospice of the Piedmont, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice of the Grand Strand, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice of the Pee Dee, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice of the Upstate, Inc.; Agape Hospice House of Horry County, Inc.; Agape Hospice House of Laurens, LLC; Agape Hospice House of the Low Country, Inc.; Agape Hospice House of the Piedmont, Inc.; Agape Rehabilitation of Conway, Inc.; Agape Senior Services Foundation, Inc.; Agape Therapy, Inc.; Agape Hospice; Hospice Piedmont; Hospice Rock Hill; Carolinas Community Hospice, Inc., Defendants-Appellees, v. United States of America, Party-in-Interest-Appellee. SavaSeniorCare Administrative Services, LLC; American Health Care Association; American Hospital Association; Catholic Health Association of the United States, Amici Supporting Defendants-Appellees. United States of America ex rel. Brianna Michaels and Amy Whitesides, Plaintiffs, v. Agape Senior Community, Inc.; Agape Senior Primary Care, Inc.; Agape Senior Services, Inc.; Agape Senior, LLC; Agape Community Hospice, Inc.; Agape Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, Inc., d/b/a Agape Rehabilitation of Rock Hill, a/k/a Agape Senior Post Acute Care Center-Rock Hill, a/k/a Ebenezer Senior Services, LLC; Agape Management Service, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice of Anderson, Inc.; Agape Hospice of the Piedmont, Inc.; Agape Senior Foundation, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice of the Pee Dee, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice of the Upstate, Inc.; Agape Community Hospice of the Grand Strand, Inc.; Agape Hospice House of Laurens, LLC; Agape Hospice House of the Low Country, Inc.; Agape Hospice House of Horry County, Inc.; Agape Rehabilitation of Conway, Inc.; Agape Senior Services Foundation, Inc.; Agape Hospice House of the Piedmont, Inc.; Agape Hospice; Hospice Piedmont; Agape Therapy, Inc.; Carolinas Community Hospice, Inc.; Hospice Rock Hill, Defendants-Appellants, v. United States of America, Party-in-Interest-Appellee. SavaSeniorCare Administrative Services, LLC; American Health Care Association; American Hospital Association; Catholic Health Association of the United States, Amici Supporting Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided: February 14, 2017.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Mario A. Pacella , STROM LAW FIRM, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellants. William Walter Wilkins , NEXSEN PRUET, LLC, Greenville, South Carolina, for Appellees. Charles W. Scarborough , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Appellee United States of America. ON BRIEF: T. Christopher Tuck , Catherine H. McElveen , Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, Daniel Haltiwanger , Terry E. Richardson, Jr. , RICHARDSON, PATRICK, WESTBROOK & BRICKMAN, LLC, Barnwell, South Carolina; Christy M. DeLuca , CHRISTY DELUCA, LLC, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina; Jessica H. Lerer , STROM LAW FIRM, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellants. Deborah B. Barbier , DEBORAH B. BARBIER ATTORNEY AT LAW, Columbia, South Carolina; Kirsten E. Small , Mark C. Moore , William C. Lewis , NEXSEN PRUET, LLC, Greenville, South Carolina, for Appellees Agape Senior Community, Inc., et al. Benjamin C. Mizer , Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Michael S. Raab , Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C.; William N. Nettles , United States Attorney, Elizabeth C. Warren , Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellee United States of America. James F. Segroves , Kelly A. Carroll , David J. Vernon , HOOPER, LUNDY & BOOKMAN, PC, Washington, D.C., for Amicus SavaSeniorCare Administrative Services, LLC. Melinda Reid Hatton , Maureen Mudron , AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, Washington, D.C.; Lisa Gilden , THE CATHOLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D.C.; Jessica L. Ellsworth , Washington, D.C., Thomas P. Schmidt , HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP, New York, New York, for Amici American Hospital Association and Catholic Health Association of the United States. Colin E. Wrabley , M. Patrick Yingling , REED SMITH, LLP, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for Amicus American Health Care Association.

Affirmed in part and dismissed in part by published opinion. Judge King wrote the opinion, in which Judge Keenan and Judge Diaz joined.

In this qui tam action under the False Claims Act (the "FCA"), defendant Agape Senior Community, Inc., and the twenty-three other defendants (collectively, "Agape") are affiliated entities that operate elder care facilities throughout South Carolina.1 The...

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