ALASKA OIL AND GAS ASS'N v. JEWELL

Nos. 13-35619, 13-35666, 13-35662, 13-35667, 13-35669.

815 F.3d 544 (2016)

ALASKA OIL AND GAS ASSOCIATION; American Petroleum Institute; State of Alaska; Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; The North Slope Borough; Nana Regional Corporation, Inc.; Bering Straits Native Corporation; Calista Corporation; Tikigaq Corporation; Olgoonik Corporation, Inc.; Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation; Kuukpik Corporation; Kaktovik Inupiat Corporation; The Inupiat Community of the Arctic Slope, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Sally JEWELL, Secretary of the Interior; Daniel M. Ashe, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Defendants-Appellants, and Center For Biological Diversity; Defenders of Wildlife; Greenpeace, Inc., Intervenor-Defendants. Alaska Oil and Gas Association; American Petroleum Institute, Plaintiffs-Appellants, and State of Alaska; Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; The North Slope Borough; Nana Regional Corporation, Inc.; Bering Straits Native Corporation; Calista Corporation; Tikigaq Corporation; Olgoonik Corporation, Inc.; Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation; Kuukpik Corporation; Kaktovik Inupiat Corporation; The Inupiat Community of the Arctic Slope, Plaintiffs, v. Sally Jewell, Secretary of the Interior; Daniel M. Ashe, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Defendants-Appellees, and Center for Biological Diversity; Defenders of Wildlife; Greenpeace, Inc., Intervenor-Defendants. Alaska Oil and Gas Association; American Petroleum Institute; State of Alaska; Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; The North Slope Borough; Nana Regional Corporation, Inc.; Bering Straits Native Corporation; Calista Corporation; Tikigaq Corporation; Olgoonik Corporation, Inc.; Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation; Kuukpik Corporation; Kaktovik Inupiat Corporation; The Inupiat Community of The Arctic Slope, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Sally Jewell, Secretary of the Interior; Daniel M. Ashe, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Defendants, and Center for Biological Diversity; Defenders Of Wildlife; Greenpeace, Inc., Intervenor-Defendants-Appellants. State of Alaska, Plaintiff-Appellant, and Alaska Oil and Gas Association; American Petroleum Institute; Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; The North Slope Borough; Nana Regional Corporation, Inc.; Bering Straits Native Corporation; Calista Corporation; Tikigaq Corporation; Olgoonik Corporation, Inc.; Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation; Kuukpik Corporation; Kaktovik Inupiat Corporation; The Inupiat Community of the Arctic Slope, Plaintiffs, v. Sally Jewell, Secretary of the Interior; Daniel M. Ashe, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Defendants-Appellees, and Center for Biological Diversity; Defenders of Wildlife; Greenpeace, Inc., Intervenor-Defendants. Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; The North Slope Borough; Nana Regional Corporation, Inc.; Bering Straits Native Corporation; Calista Corporation; Tikigaq Corporation; Olgoonik Corporation, Inc.; Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation; Kuukpik Corporation; Kaktovik Inupiat Corporation; The Inupiat Community of The Arctic Slope, Plaintiffs-Appellants, and Alaska Oil and Gas Association; American Petroleum Institute; State of Alaska, Plaintiffs, v. Sally Jewell, Secretary of the Interior; Daniel M. Ashe, Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Defendants-Appellees, and Center for Biological Diversity; Defenders of Wildlife; Greenpeace, Inc., Intervenor-Defendants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed February 29, 2016.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Jeffrey W. Leppo (argued), Ryan P. Steen , Stoel Rives LLP, Seattle, WA, for Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross-Appellants Alaska Oil and Gas Association and the American Petroleum Institute.

Matthew A. Love (argued), Van Ness Feldman LLP, Seattle, WA; Tyson C. Kade , Van Ness Feldman LLP, Washington, D.C., for Plaintiff-Appellee/Cross-Appellant North Slope Borough.

Bradley E. Meyen (argued), Senior Assistant Attorney General, Andrew Naylor , Assistant Attorney General, Alaska Department of Law, Anchorage, Alaska; Murray D. Feldman , Holland & Hart LLP, Boise, ID; Christina F. Gomez , Holland & Hart LLP, Denver, CO, for Plaintiff-Appellee/Cross-Appellant State of Alaska.

Kevin M. Cuddy (argued), Stoel Rives LLP, Anchorage, AL, for Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross-Appellants Arctic Slope Regional Corporation, NANA Regional Corporation, Bering Straits Native Corporation, Calista Corporation, Tikigaq Corporation, Olgoonik Corporation, Inc., Ukpeagvik Iñupiat Corporation, Kuukpik Corporation, Kaktovik Iñupiat Corporation, and The Iñupiat Community of the Arctic Slope.

Sam Hirsch , Acting Assistant Attorney General, Andrew C. Mergen , Jennifer Scheller Neumann , Clifford E. Stevens, Jr. , Meredith L. Flax , David C. Shilton , Robert P. Stockman (argued), Environment & Natural Resources Division, U.S. Department of Justice; Kenneth M. Lord , Of Counsel, Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., for Defendants/Appellants/Cross-Appellees Sally Jewell, Secretary of the Interior, Daniel M. Ashe, Director, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.

Rebecca Noblin , Center for Biological Diversity, Anchorage, AL, for Intervenor-Defendants/Appellants Center for Biological Diversity, Defenders of Wildlife, Greenpeace, Inc.

Before: MARY M. SCHROEDER, JOHNNIE B. RAWLINSON, and MARY H. MURGUIA, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

INTRODUCTION

This case is about polar bear habitat in Alaska. The polar bear population has been declining for many years, and in 2008, the United States Fish & Wildlife Service ("FWS") listed the species as threatened under the Endangered Species...

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