U.S. v. CAZARES

Nos. 06-50677, 07-50037, 06-50678, 06-50679.

788 F.3d 956 (2015)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Fernando CAZARES, aka Sneaky, Defendant-Appellant. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gilbert Saldana, Defendant-Appellant. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Alejandro Martinez, Defendant-Appellant. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Porfirio Avila, aka Dreamer, Defendant-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed May 14, 2015.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Verna Wefald (argued), Law Offices of Verna Wefald, Pasadena, CA, for Defendant-Appellant Fernando Cazares.

Wayne R. Young (argued), Law Office of Wayne R. Young, Santa Monica, CA, for Defendant-Appellant Alejandro Martinez.

Jonathan Libby (argued), Deputy Federal Public Defender, Sean K. Kennedy , Federal Public Defender, Federal Public Defender's Office, Los Angeles, CA, for Defendant-Appellant Gilbert Saldana.

Karen L. Landau (argued), Law Office of Karen L. Landau, Oakland, CA, for Defendant-Appellant Porfirio Avila.

Thomas E. Chandler (argued) and Jessica Dunsay Silver , Attorneys, Thomas E. Perez , Assistant Attorney General, Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Appellate Section, Washington, D.C., for Plaintiff-Appellee.

Before: HARRY PREGERSON and WILLIAM A. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges, and LAWRENCE L. PIERSOL, Senior District Judge.


OPINION

A jury found defendants Fernando Cazares, Gilbert Saldana, Alejandro Martinez, and Porfirio Avila guilty of violating 18 U.S.C. § 241 by conspiring to intimidate African-American citizens in the Highland Park neighborhood of Los Angeles and to deprive them of their constitutional right to "purchase...

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