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PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH & MFRS. v. ALAMEDA COUNTY

No. 13-16833.

768 F.3d 1037 (2014)

PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA; Generic Pharmaceutical Association; Biotechnology Industry Organization, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. COUNTY OF ALAMEDA; Alameda County Department of Environmental Health, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed September 30, 2014.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Michael Anthony Carvin (argued), Christian G. Vergonis , and Richard M. Re , Jones Day, Washington, D.C.; Craig Stewart , Jones Day, San Francisco, CA, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Arthur J. Shartsis (argued), Mary Jo Shartsis , and John J. Stein , Shartsis Friese LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Defendants-Appellees.

Kate Comerford Todd and Tyler R. Green , National Chamber Litigation Center, Inc., Washington, D.C.; Fred A Rowley, Jr. and Ellen M. Richmond , Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Amicus Curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America.

Richard A. Samp and Cory L. Andrews , Washington Legal Foundation, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae.

Orry P. Korb , County Counsel, Danny Y. Chou , Assistant County Counsel, Greta S. Hansen , Lead Deputy County Counsel, Marlene M. Dehlinger , Litigation Fellow, Office of the County Counsel, County of Santa Clara, San Jose, CA, for Amici Curiae California State Association of Counties and League of California Cities.

Sarah C. Tallman , Natural Resources Defense Council, Chicago, IL; Nancy S. Marks , Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, NY, for Amicus Curiae Natural Resources Defense Council.

Kamala D. Harris , Attorney General of California, Sally Magnani , Senior Assistant Attorney General, Janill L. Richards , Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Dennis L. Beck Jr. and M. Elaine Meckenstock , Deputy Attorneys General, State of California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General, San Francisco, CA, for Amicus Curiae Attorney General Kamala D. Harris.

Before: N. RANDY SMITH and MORGAN CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges, and LAWRENCE L. PIERSOL, Senior District Judge.

OPINION

N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judge:

The Supreme Court "has adopted what amounts to a two-tiered approach to analyzing state economic regulation under the Commerce Clause." Brown-Forman Distillers Corp. v. N.Y. State Liquor Auth., 476 U.S. 573, 578-79, 106 S.Ct. 2080, 90 L.Ed.2d 552 (1986).

[1] When a state statute directly regulates or discriminates against interstate...

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