Andy KERR, Colorado State Representative; Norma Anderson; Jane M. Barnes, member Jefferson County Board of Education; Elaine Gantz Berman, member State Board of Education; Alexander E. Bracken; William K. Bregar, member Pueblo District 70 Board of Education; Bob Briggs, Westminster City Councilman; Bruce W. Broderius, member Weld County District 6 Board of Education; Trudy B. Brown; John C. Buechner, Ph.D., Lafayette City Councilman; Stephen A. Burkholder; Richard L. Byyny, M.D.; Lois Court, Colorado State Representative; Theresa L. Crater; Robin Crossan, member Steamboat Springs RE-2 Board of Education; Richard E. Ferdinandsen; Stephanie Garcia, member Pueblo City Board of Education; Kristi Hargrove; Dickey Lee Hullinghorst, Colorado State Representative; Nancy Jackson, Arapahoe County Commissioner; William G. Kaufman; Claire Levy, Colorado State Representative; Margaret (Molly) Markert, Aurora City Councilwoman; Megan J. Masten; Michael Merrifield; Marcella (Marcie) L. Morrison; John P. Morse, Colorado State Senator; Pat Noonan; Ben Pearlman, Boulder County Commissioner; Wallace Pulliam; Paul Weissmann; Joseph W. White, Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
John HICKENLOOPER, Governor of Colorado, in his official capacity, Defendant-Appellant.
D'Arcy W. Straub; Independence Institute; Cato Institute; Sen. Kevin Lundberg; Rep. Jerry Sonnenberg; Rep. Justin Everett; Rep. Spencer Swalm; Rep. Janak Joshi; Rep. Perry Buck; Sen. Ted Harvey; Sen. Kent Lambert; Sen. Mark Scheffel; Sen. Kevin Grantham; Sen Vicki Marble; Sen. Randy Baumgardner; Rep. Dan Nordberg; Rep. Frank McNulty; Rep. Jared Wright; Rep. Chris Holbert; Rep. Kevin Priola; Sen. Scott Renfroe; Sen. Bill Cadman; Colorado Union of Taxpayers Foundation; National Federation of Independent Business; Tabor Foundation; Oklahoma Council for Public Affairs; Howard Jarvies Taxpayers Foundation; Freedom Center of Missouri; Freedom Foundation; Goldwater Institute; 1851 Center for Constitutional Law; Colorado Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and Colorado Nonprofit Association; Colorado General Assembly; Bell Policy Center; Colorado Fiscal Institute; The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; Colorado Parent Teacher Association; Erwin Chemerinsky; Hans Linde; William Marshall; Gene Nichol; William Wiecek; Colorado Association Of School Boards; Colorado Association Of School Executives, Amici Curiae.
United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.https://leagle.com/images/logo.png
Richard A. Westfall , Hale Westfall, LLP, Denver, CO, and Karen R. Harned and Luke A. Wake , NFIB Small Business Legal Center, Washington, DC, filed an amicus curiae brief for National Federal of Independent Business, Tabor Foundation, Oklahoma Council for Public Affairs, Howard Jarvies Taxpayers Foundation, Freedom Center of Missouri, 1851 Center for Constitutional Law, Freedom Foundation, and Goldwater Institute on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.
David B. Kopel , Independence Institute, Denver, CO, and Ilya Shapiro , Cato Institute, Washington, DC, filed an amicus curiae brief for Independence Institute and Cato Institute on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.
James M. Manley , Mountain States Legal Foundation, Lakewood, CO, filed an amicus curiae brief for Sen. Kevin Lundberg, Rep. Jerry Sonnenberg, Rep. Justin Everett, Rep. Spencer Swalm, Rep. Janak Joshi, Rep. Perry Buck, Sen. Ted Harvey, Sen. Kent Lambert, Sen. Mark Scheffel, Sen. Kevin Grantham, Sen. Vicki Marble, Sen. Randy Baumgardner, Rep. Dan Nordberg, Rep. Frank McNulty, Rep. Jared Wright, Rep. Chris Holbert, Rep. Kevin Priola, Sen. Scott Renfroe, Sen. Bill Cadman, and Colorado Union of Taxpayers Foundation on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.
D'Arcy W. Straub , Littleton, CO, filed an amicus curiae brief for D'Arcy W. Straub, on behalf of Defendant-Appellant.
Andrew M. Low , Emily L. Droll , and John M. Bowlin , Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, Denver, CO, filed an amicus curiae brief for Colorado Association of School Boards and Colorado Association of School Executives on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.
Melissa Hart , University of Colorado Law School, Boulder, CO, filed an amicus curiae brief for Erwin Chemerinsky, Hans Linde, William Marshall, Gene Nichol, and William Wiecek on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.
Joseph R. Guerra and Kathleen Mueller , Sidley Austin LLP, Washington, DC, filed an amicus curiae brief for The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.
Stephen G. Masciocchi , Holland & Hart, Denver, CO, and Maureen Reidy Witt , Holland & Hart, Greenwood Village, CO, filed an amicus curiae brief for The Colorado General Assembly on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.
Catherine C. Engberg , Shute, Mihaly & Weinberger LLP, San Francisco, CA, filed an amicus curiae brief for Colorado Parent Teacher Association on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.
Harold A. Haddon and Laura G. Kastetter , Haddon, Morgan and Foreman, P.C., Denver, CO, filed an amicus curiae brief for Colorado Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and Colorado Nonprofit Association on behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees.
Before BRISCOE, Chief Judge, SEYMOUR and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.
United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.
LUCERO, Circuit Judge.
Article IV, § 4 of the Constitution of the United States of America guarantees to the State of Colorado a "Republican Form of Government." It provides: "The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence." U.S. Const. art...
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