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GARCÍA-CATÁLAN v. U.S.

No. 12-1907.

734 F.3d 100 (2013)

Itzel GARCÍA-CATALÁN, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant, Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.

November 4, 2013.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Rubén T. Nigaglioni and Nigaglioni Law Offices P.S.C. on brief for appellant.

Rosa Emilia Rodríguez-Vélez , United States Attorney, Nelson Pérez-Sosa , Assistant United States Attorney, Chief, Appellate Division, and Juan Carlos Reyes-Ramos , Assistant United States Attorney, on brief for appellee.

Before TORRUELLA, SELYA and HOWARD, Circuit Judges.

SELYA, Circuit Judge.

In a pair of watershed cases — Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009), and Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) — the Supreme Court retreated from the historic pleading standard that it had previously established in Conley v. Gibson, 355...

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