ARMSTRONG v. BROWN

Nos. 12-16018, 12-17198.

732 F.3d 955 (2013)

John ARMSTRONG; James Amauric; Richard Ponciano; Jack Swensen; Billy Beck; Judy Fendt; Walter Fratus; Gregory Sandoval; Darlene Madison; Peter Richardson; Steven Hill; David Rose; David Blessing; Elio Castro; Elmer Umbenhower; Raymond Hayes; Gene Horrocks; Kiah Mincey; Clifton Feathers; Willie Johnson; David Badillo; James Simmons; Flora Abrams; Joey Gough; Timothy Whisman, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Edmund G. BROWN, Jr.; Michael Minor; Matthew L. Cate; Diana Toche; Chris Meyer; Kathleen Dickinson; Robert Ambroselli, Defendants-Appellants. John Armstrong; James Amauric; Richard Ponciano; Jack Swensen; Billy Beck; Judy Fendt; Walter Fratus; Gregory Sandoval; Darlene Madison; Peter Richardson; Steven Hill; David Rose; David Blessing; Elio Castro; Elmer Umbenhower; Raymond Hayes; Gene Horrocks; Kiah Mincey; Clifton Feathers; Willie Johnson; David Badillo; James Simmons; Flora Abrams; Joey Gough; Timothy Whisman, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Edmund G. Brown, Jr.; Michael Minor; Matthew L. Cate; Diana Toche; Chris Meyer; Kathleen Dickinson; Margarita Perez, Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submitted September 27, 2013.

Filed October 4, 2013.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Kamala D. Harris , Attorney General of the State of California; Jonathan L. Wolff , Senior Assistant Attorney General; Jay C. Russell , Supervising Deputy Attorney General; Giam M. Nguyen , Janelle M. Smith , and Jay M. Goldman (argued), Deputies Attorney General, San Francisco, CA, for Defendants-Appellants.

Michael W. Bien , Gay C. Grunfeld (argued), Lisa Ells , Blake Thompson , and Michael Freedman , Rosen Bien Galvan & Grunfeld LLP, San Francisco, CA; Warren E. George , Bingham McCutchen LLP, San Francisco, CA; Donald Specter and Rebekah Evenson , Prison Law Office, Berkeley, CA; and Linda Kilb , Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund, Inc., Berkeley, CA, for Plaintiffs-Appellees.

Before: STEPHEN REINHARDT, A. WALLACE TASHIMA, and MARSHA S. BERZON, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

REINHARDT, Circuit Judge:

Since 1994, disabled state prisoners and parolees have been engaged in a seemingly never-ending struggle with California state officials over whether defendants must provide disability accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") and the Rehabilitation Act. These accommodations include basic necessities of life for disabled prisoners and parolees, such as wheelchairs, sign language interpreters, accessible...

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