U.S. v. BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF TRUCKEE-CARSON IRR.

Nos. 12-15474, 12-15476, 12-15594, 12-15595, 12-15599.

723 F.3d 1029 (2013)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, and Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians, Intervenor-Plaintiff, v. BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF the TRUCKEE-CARSON IRRIGATION DISTRICT, individually, and as Representatives of the Class of all Water Users in the Newlands Reclamation Project; Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Defendants-Appellees, and State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Division of State Lands; Churchill County; Dodge Brothers and Dodge Jr. Family Trust; David P. Harrigan; George and Shelly Rae Rakushin; William D. and Gwendolyn Washburn; Marvin Weishaupt; Howard D. Wolf Family Trust; Ray Conlan; Corkill Bros., Inc.; Calvin R. Moffitt and Candace J. Moffitt; Bell Family Trust; Larry L. Fritz Family Trust; David L. Matley and Christine L. Matley Family Trust and David Matley; Harold G. and Rhonda Johnson and Johnson Family Trust; A & A Dairy; Joyce Lohr; Peraldo Brothers; Stillwater Farms, Inc.; Charles P. Frey, Jr. and Debra S. Frey; Norman W. Frey; Fallon-Paiute Shoshone Tribe, Intervenor-Defendants. United States of America, Plaintiff, and Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians, Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Board of Directors of the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, individually, and as Representatives of the Class of all Water Users in the Newlands Reclamation Project; Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Defendants-Appellees, and State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Division of State Lands; Churchill County; Dodge Brothers and Dodge Jr. Family Trust; David P. Harrigan; George and Shelly Rae Rakushin; William D. and Gwendolyn Washburn; Marvin Weishaupt; Howard D. Wolf Family Trust; Ray Conlan; Corkill Bros., Inc.; Calvin R. Moffitt and Candace J. Moffitt; Bell Family Trust; Larry L. Fritz Family Trust; David L. Matley and Christine L. Matley Family Trust and David Matley; Harold G. and Rhonda Johnson and Johnson Family Trust; A & A Dairy; Joyce Lohr; Peraldo Brothers; Stillwater Farms, Inc.; Charles P. Frey, Jr. and Debra S. Frey; Norman W. Frey; Fallon-Paiute Shoshone Tribe, Intervenor-Defendants. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians, Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Board of Directors of the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, individually, and as Representatives of the Class of all Water Users in the Newlands Reclamation Project; Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Defendants, State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Division of State Lands; Churchill County; Dodge Brothers and Dodge Jr. Family Trust; David P. Harrigan; George and Shelly Rae Rakushin; William D. and Gwendolyn Washburn; Marvin Weishaupt; Howard D. Wolf Family Trust, Intervenor-Defendants, Stillwater Farms, Inc.; Charles P. Frey, Jr. and Debra S. Frey; Norman W. Frey; Fallon-Paiute Shoshone Tribe, Intervenor-Defendants, and Ray Conlan; Corkill Bros., Inc.; Calvin R. Moffitt and Candace J. Moffitt; Bell Family Trust; Larry L. Fritz Family Trust; David L. Matley and Christine L. Matley Family Trust and David Matley; Harold G. and Rhonda Johnson and Johnson Family Trust; A & A Dairy; Joyce Lohr; Peraldo Brothers, Intervenor-Defendants-Appellants. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians, Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Board of Directors of the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, individually, and as Representatives of the Class of all Water Users in the Newlands Reclamation Project; Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Defendants, State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Division of State Lands; Dodge Brothers and Dodge Jr. Family Trust; David P. Harrigan; George and Shelly Rae Rakushin; William D. and Gwendolyn Washburn; Marvin Weishaupt; Howard D. Wolf Family Trust; City of Fallon; Ray Conlan; Corkill Bros., Inc.; Calvin R. Moffitt and Candace J. Moffitt; Bell Family Trust; Larry L. Fritz Family Trust; David L. Matley and Christine L. Matley Family Trust and David Matley; Harold G. and Rhonda Johnson and Johnson Family Trust; A & A Dairy; Joyce Lohr; Peraldo Brothers; Stillwater Farms, Inc.; Charles P. Frey, Jr. and Debra S. Frey; Norman W. Frey; Fallon-Paiute Shoshone Tribe, Intervenor-Defendants, and Churchill County, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians, Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Board of Directors of the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, individually, and as Representatives of the Class of all Water Users in the Newlands Reclamation Project; Truckee-Carson Irrigation District, Defendants, Churchill County; Dodge Brothers and Dodge Jr. Family Trust; David P. Harrigan; George and Shelly Rae Rakushin; William D. and Gwendolyn Washburn; Marvin Weishaupt; Howard D. Wolf Family Trust; Ray Conlan; Corkill Bros., Inc.; Calvin R. Moffitt and Candace J. Moffitt; Bell Family Trust; Larry L. Fritz Family Trust; David L. Matley and Christine L. Matley Family Trust and David Matley; Harold G. and Rhonda Johnson and Johnson Family Trust; A & A Dairy; Joyce Lohr; Peraldo Brothers; Stillwater Farms, Inc.; Charles P. Frey, Jr. and Debra S. Frey; Norman W. Frey; Fallon-Paiute Shoshone Tribe, Intervenor-Defendants, and State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Division of State Lands, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed July 22, 2013.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Ignacia S. Moreno , Assistant Attorney General, Fred Disheroon , David C. Shilton , Stephen M. MacFarlane , and Katherine J. Barton (argued), United States Department of Justice, Environmental & Natural Resources Division, Washington, D.C., for Plaintiff-Appellant/Appellee United States of America.

Don Springmeyer (argued) and Christopher W. Mixson , Wolf, Rifkin, Shapiro, Schulman & Rabkin, LLP, Las Vegas, NV, for Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellant/Appellee Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians.

Michael J. Van Zandt and Neil R. Bardack (argued), Hanson Bridgett LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Defendants-Appellees/Appellants Board of Directors of the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District and Truckee-Carson Irrigation District.

Laura A. Schroeder and Therese A. Ure (argued), Schroeder Law Offices, P.C., Reno, NV, for Intervenor Defendant: Cross-Appellant/Appellee Churchill County, Nevada.

Catherine Cortez Masto , Attorney General; Nhu Q. Nguyen , Senior Deputy Attorney General, Carson City, NV, for Intervenor-Defendant-Appellant State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife and Division of State Land.

Michael F. Mackedon , Mackedon, McCormick & King, Fallon, NV, for Intervenor-Defendants-Appellees City of Fallon, et al.

Before: MARY M. SCHROEDER, MARSHA S. BERZON, and JAY S. BYBEE, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

SCHROEDER, Circuit Judge:

We deal in this appeal with what essentially amounts to a footnote to the long-running litigation over how much water from the Truckee and Carson Rivers should be diverted to irrigation and how much should flow into Pyramid Lake for the benefit of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Indian Tribe ("the Tribe"). See Nevada v. United States, 463 U.S. 110, 103 S.Ct. 2906, 77 L.Ed.2d 509 (1983);

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