In re WESTERN STATES WHOLESALE NATURAL GAS ANTITRUST LITIGATION,
Learjet, Inc.; Topeka Unified School District 501, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
ONEOK, Inc.; ONEOK Energy Marketing & Trading Co., L.P.; The Williams Companies, Inc.; Williams Merchant Services Company, Inc.; Williams Energy Marketing & Trading Company; American Electric Power Company, Inc.; AEP Energy Services, Inc.; Duke Energy Corporation; Duke Energy Trading and Marketing, LLC; Dynegy Marketing and Trade; El Paso Corporation; El Paso Merchant Energy, L.P.; CMS Energy Corporation; CMS Marketing Services & Trading Company; CMS Field Services; Reliant Energy, Inc.; Reliant Energy Services, Inc.; Coral Energy Resources, L.P.; Xcel Energy, Inc.; e prime, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
In re Western States Wholesale Natural Gas Antitrust Litigation,
Heartland Regional Medical Center; Prime Tanning Corp.; Northwest Missouri State University, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
ONEOK, Inc.; ONEOK Energy Marketing & Trading Co., L.P.; The Williams Companies, Inc.; Williams Merchant Services Company, Inc.; Williams Energy Marketing & Trading Company; American Electric Power Company, Inc.; AEP Energy Services, Inc.; Duke Energy Corporation; Duke Energy Trading and Marketing, LLC; Dynegy Marketing and Trade; El Paso Corporation; El Paso Merchant Energy, L.P.; CMS Energy Corporation; CMS Marketing Services & Trading Company; CMS Field Services; Reliant Energy, Inc.; Reliant Energy Services, Inc.; Coral Energy Resources, L.P.; Xcel Energy, Inc.; e prime, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
In re Western States Wholesale Natural Gas Antitrust Litigation,
Breckenridge Brewery of Colorado, LLC; BBD Acquisition Co., Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
Xcel Energy, Inc.; e prime, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
In re Western States Wholesale Natural Gas Antitrust Litigation,
Reorganized FLI, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
ONEOK, Inc.; ONEOK Energy Marketing & Trading Co., L.P.; The Williams Companies, Inc.; Williams Merchant Services Company, Inc.; Williams Energy Marketing & Trading Company; American Electric Power Company, Inc.; AEP Energy Services, Inc.; Duke Energy Corporation; Duke Energy Trading and Marketing, LLC; Dynegy Marketing and Trade; El Paso Corporation; El Paso Merchant Energy, L.P.; CMS Energy Corporation; CMS Marketing Services & Trading Company; CMS Field Services; Reliant Energy, Inc.; Reliant Energy Services, Inc.; Coral Energy Resources, L.P.; Xcel Energy, Inc.; e prime, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
In re Western States Wholesale Natural Gas Antitrust Litigation,
Sinclair Oil Corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
ONEOK Energy Services Company, L.P., Defendant-Appellee.
In re Western States Wholesale Natural Gas Antitrust Litigation,
Sinclair Oil Corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
e prime, Inc.; Xcel Energy, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
In re Western States Wholesale Natural Gas Antitrust Litigation,
Arandell Corporation; Merrick's Inc.; Sargento Foods Inc.; Ladish Co., Inc.; Carthage College; Briggs & Stratton Corporation, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
Xcel Energy, Inc.; Northern States Power Company; e prime, Inc.; American Electric Power Company, Inc.; AEP Energy Services, Inc.; CMS Energy Corporation; CMS Field Services; CMS Marketing Services & Trading Company; Coral Energy Resources, L.P.; Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC; Duke Energy Trading and Marketing LLC; Dynegy Illinois Inc.; DMT G.P. L.L.C.; Dynegy GP Inc.; El Paso Corporation; El Paso Merchant Energy, L.P.; ONEOK, Inc.; ONEOK Energy Marketing & Trading Co., L.P.; RRI Energy, Inc., fka Reliant Energy, Inc.; RRI Energy Services, Inc., fka Reliant Energy Services, Inc.; The Williams Companies, Inc.; Williams Power Company, Inc.; Williams Energy Marketing & Trading Company; Williams Merchant Services Company, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
In re Western States Wholesale Natural Gas Antitrust Litigation,
Newpage Wisconsin System, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CMS Energy Corporation; CMS Marketing Services & Trading Company; CMS Field Services; Xcel Energy, Inc.; Northern States Power Company; e prime, Inc.; Coral Energy Resources, L.P.; Duke Energy Trading and Marketing LLC; Dynegy Illinois Inc.; DMT G.P. L.L.C.; Dynegy GP Inc.; Dynegy Marketing and Trade; El Paso Corporation; El Paso Merchant Energy, L.P.; ONEOK, Inc.; ONEOK Energy Marketing & Trading Co., L.P.; RRI Energy Services, Inc., fka Reliant Energy Services, Inc.; The Williams Companies, Inc.; Williams Power Company, Inc.; Williams Energy Marketing & Trading Company; Williams Merchant Services Company, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
In re Western States Wholesale Natural Gas Antitrust Litigation,
Arandell Corporation; Merrick's Inc.; Sargento Foods Inc.; Ladish Co., Inc.; Carthage College; Briggs & Stratton Corporation, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
CMS Energy Corporation; CMS Marketing Services & Trading Company; CMS Field Services, Defendants-Appellees.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.https://leagle.com/images/logo.png
Argued and Submitted October 19, 2012.
Filed April 10, 2013.
Attorney(s) appearing for the Case
Jennifer Gille Bacon (argued), William E. Quirk , and Gregory M. Bentz , Polsinelli Shughart PC, Kansas City, MO, for Appellants Learjet, Inc., et al., Heartland Regional Medical Center, et al., Breckenridge Brewery of Colorado, LLC, et al., Reorganized FLI, Inc., and Sinclair Oil Corporation.
Mark E. Haddad (argued), Michelle B. Goodman , and Nitin Reddy , Sidley Austin LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Defendants-Appellees CMS Energy Corp., CMS Energy Resources Management Co., and Cantera Gas Company.
Michael J. Kass and Douglas R. Tribble , Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Francisco, CA, for Defendants-Appellees Dynegy Marketing & Trade, Dynegy Illinois, Inc., DMT G.P. L.L.C., and Dynegy GP Inc.
Joshua D. Lichtman , Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P., Los Angeles, CA, and Roxanna A. Manuel , Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP, for Defendant-Appellee Coral Energy Resources, L.P.
Robert B. Wolinsky , Hogan Lovells US LLP, Washington, D.C., and Steven J. Routh , Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe, L.L.P., Washington, D.C., for Defendants-Appellees American Electric Power Company, Inc. and AEP Energy Services, Inc.
Brent A. Benoit and Stacy Williams , Locke Lord Bissell & Liddell LLP, Houston, TX, for Defendants-Appellees El Paso Corporation, El Paso Merchant Energy, L.P., and El Paso Marketing, L.P.
Graydon Dean Luthey, Jr. and Sarah Jane Gillett , Hall, Estill, Hardwick, Gable, Golden & Nelson, P.C., Tulsa, OK, for Defendants-Appellees The Williams Companies, Inc., Williams Merchant Services Company, Inc., Williams Power Company, Inc., and Williams Energy Marketing & Trading Company.
Michael John Miguel , K & L Gates LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Defendants-Appellees Xcel Energy, Inc., e prime, Inc., e prime Energy Marketing, Inc., and Northern States Power Company.
Before: CARLOS T. BEA and PAUL J. WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and WILLIAM K. SESSIONS, District Judge.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
OPINION
BEA, Circuit Judge:
These cases arise out of the energy crisis of 2000-2002. Plaintiffs (retail buyers of natural gas) allege that Defendants (natural gas traders) manipulated the price of natural gas by reporting false information to price indices published by trade publications and engaging in wash sales.1 Plaintiffs brought various claims in state and federal court beginning...
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